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## Praakchhan
The location of the Nishīthasūtra in the Prāgamas
Among the available Āgamas, four Āgamas are designated as Chhedasūtras. This designation is not Āgama-era, meaning it is not found in any Āgama like the Nandī Sūtra, etc. Therefore, this designation was given after Devaddiggani Kṣamāśramaṇa, i.e., a thousand years after the Vīra Nirvāṇa, and has been passed down through tradition until today.
There are many variations in the order of these Chhedasūtras. In some places, the Daśāśruta-skandha is given the first place, while in others, the Vyavahārasūtra is given the first place.
The study of the Vyavahārasūtra makes it clear that among these four Chhedasūtras, the Nishīthasūtra holds the first place in terms of study, followed by the Daśā-Kappa-Vyavahāra in order.
The Prāgama-puruṣa-creating Pūrvaāchāryas and the scholars who wrote a concise introduction to the 45 Āgamas have also given the Nishīthasūtra the first place among the Chhedasūtras.
**Determining the origin of the Nishīthasūtra based on the Āgamas**
The creators (Niyūṇḍhakartā) of the Daśāśruta-skandha, Bṛhatkalpa, and Vyavahārasūtra are the fourteen Pūrva-bhādrābāhusvāmi, but there are many options regarding the creation of the Nishīthasūtra. This is a result of the confusing atmosphere of historians and thinkers. Based on that historical material, even today, investigative scholars do not have the right to definitively say, "The Nishīthasūtra is the creation of such and such an Āchārya."
The reality is something else. If we decide based on the contemplation of the Āgama texts, separate from historical tradition, then it can be a solid and authentic decision.
The tradition of calling this sūtra "quoted from the Pūrva" is not in accordance with the sūtra. The reason for this is that the fourteen Pūrva-bhādrābāhusvāmi created the Vyavahārasūtra, which is undisputed. In that sūtra, he has not mentioned the name "Nishīthasūtra" even once. He has mentioned the name "Āchāraprakalpa" or "Āchāraprakalpa-adhyayana" sixteen times. Studying and memorizing this is essential for every qualified sādhū-sādhvī. Sādhū-sādhvī who do not memorize this are prohibited from attaining the positions of Sanghāḍā-pramukh or Āchārya, Upādhyāya, etc., and young sādhū-sādhvī who forget it are considered worthy of atonement.
From the many descriptions of the Prāgama, it is clear that sādhvī are not taught the Pūrvaśruta. While Āchārya Bhādrābāhusvāmi has clearly stated in the Vyavahārasūtra that sādhvī should memorize and remember the Āchāraprakalpa.