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It is said in the Vedas that the Sun is "the life of all beings, the rising Sun, the brilliant, the great, the all-pervading, the visible Sun, the Sun is the soul of the moving and the stationary," and "moving with the dark dust, he deposits the nectar, mortal. With the golden chariot, the divine Savita goes to the worlds, seeing." The Gayatri Mantra, which is worshipped by all, also praises and prays to the deity Savita. Many scientific aspects of the Sun are also expressed in the Vedic mantras, in whose commentaries the Acharyas have also given instructions for very subtle experiments.
The Sun, situated in a chariot drawn by seven horses, illuminates the world. In the Rig Veda, it is said, "Seven yoke the chariot with one wheel," thus describing the world as having seven categories. These seven categories are - earth, water, fire, air, space, directions and time. The nine members of the solar system are the nine planets. Descriptions of the diameters, motions, conjunctions, eclipses, etc. of the Sun and other planets are found extensively in the Puranas and Jyotish texts. In the "Vridha Garg Samhita", in the latter part of the "Mahasaliladhyaya", there is a detailed description of scientific subjects in the "Grahakoshadhyaya, Nakshatrakarmaganadhyaya", etc. Thus, the eternal existence of the Sun is also widely accepted in the ancient religious texts.
"Surya-Prajnapti" is a great text that expresses the universal glory of the Sun in a unique way, through a thought-provoking and scientific approach. It is introduced as follows: 7. The Place of Surya-Prajnapti in Agamic Literature
According to the oldest classification, Jain Agamic literature was classified as "Purva" and "Anga", which is said to be pre-Mahavira. Later, the "Purva Shruta" was compiled in a simple form and "Dristivad" was included in it, which led to the eleven Angas, including the Achara, being called "Dwadashangi". The Shruta treasure of Mahavira, the founder of the Achara, etc., was known as "Fourteen Purvas" or "Dristivad". It was classified into two parts: "Anga-Pravist" and "Anga-Bahya". The first is "created by Ganadhar in the Sutra" and the second is "included in the Sthavir". In addition, a further subtle analysis is given in the Nandi Sutra, which introduces the entire branch of Agamas as "Aavashyak, Aavashyak-Vyatirikt, Kalik and Utkalik". In addition, according to Digambar beliefs, the "Anga-Pravist" Agamas are classified into five parts: 1. Parikarma, 2. Sutra, 3. Prathamanuyog, 4. Purvagat and 5. Chulik. Shri Aryaraksit divided the Agamas into four parts according to the Anuyogs, which he named "1. Charan-Karananuyog, 2. Dharmakathaanuyog, 3. Ganitanuyog and 4. Dravybhanuyog". He also pointed out two forms of Agamas from the perspective of the order of explanation: 1. Aprithaktvanuyog and 2. Prithaktvanuyog. In addition to all this, a new perspective is revealed in the Churni of the Nandi Sutra, in which the Dwadashangi is referred to as the limbs of the "Shruta Purusha". At the same time, the twelve Upangas were also used, and one Upanga (a Sutra that clarifies the meaning of what is said in the Angas) was also determined for each Anga.
Among these and other such distinctions, the "Surya-Prajnapti" Sutra, written by Shruta Sthavir, is placed in the Anga, Dristivad, Anga-Bahya, Aavashyak Vyatirikt, Utkalik, the first category of Dristivad, Parikarma, Ganitanuyog, Prithaktvanuyog and the Upanga of the Jnatadharmakathaanga of the Shruta Purusha. It is the 22nd in the order of thirty-two Agamas. In some texts, it is said to be the fifth and in some the sixth Upanga. 8. The Nature of Surya-Prajnapti
This Upanga text, which provides a systematic overview of the "Sun and the Jyotish Chakra" in Jain Agamic literature, mainly expresses ideas through a complex system of knowledge and science. It contains important discussions on mathematics and astrology.
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