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The *Upasakadasangasutra* states that Patanjali, in his *Yogasutra*, has described three types of karma: white, black, and mixed (white-black). These colors of karma are indicative of their merit and demerit.
The statement made above about the production of meritorious and demeritorious results in the soul through the substance-particles (dravya-leshya) needs to be understood in more depth. From a theoretical perspective, there are two causes for the results produced in the soul through the substance-particles, i.e., the emergence of emotion-particles (bhava-leshya): the rise of delusion-karma (moha-karma) or its subsidence, destruction, or subsidence of destruction. The emotion-particles that arise from the rise of delusion-karma are inauspicious or demeritorious, and those that arise from the subsidence, destruction, or subsidence of destruction of delusion-karma are auspicious or meritorious.
The black-particle (krishna-leshya), blue-particle (nila-leshya), and pigeon-colored particle (kapota-leshya) arise from the rise of delusion-karma, and are therefore demeritorious. The radiant-particle (tejo-leshya), lotus-particle (padma-leshya), and white-particle (shukla-leshya) arise from subsidence, destruction, or subsidence of destruction, and are therefore auspicious or meritorious.
On the one hand, there are emergent, subsiding, destructive, or subsiding of destruction emotions arising in the soul, and on the other hand, there are substance-particles or substance-particles arising. Therefore, it is not only the substance-particles that are the cause of the emotion-particles, nor are the emotion-particles the cause of the substance-particles alone. They are interdependent.
The statement made above about the emergence of emotion-particles or soul-results from substance-particles is from a gross perspective.
The interdependence of substance-particles and emotion-particles can be understood from an example in Ayurveda. In Ayurveda, there are three humors: bile (pitta), phlegm (kapha), and wind (vata). When bile is aggravated or has a special effect on the body, the person becomes angry and agitated. Anger and agitation further increase bile. When phlegm is strong, it produces lethargy, drowsiness, and laziness. Lethargy, drowsiness, and laziness further increase phlegm. The strength of wind produces restlessness, instability, and tremors. Restlessness and instability further increase wind. Thus, bile, etc., and the emotions of anger, etc., manifested by them are interdependent. The relationship between substance-particles and emotion-particles is somewhat similar.
Many texts in Jain literature have analyzed the particles (leshya) as appropriate. The 17th chapter of the *Prajnapana Sutra* and the 34th chapter of the *Uttaradhyayanasutra* contain detailed discussions of the particles, which are worth reading. This topic of Jain philosophy, along with modern psychology, is worthy of study from a critical and comparative perspective. Thus.
The indication in the present sutra of the increasingly meritorious or developing inner aspects of joy reveals that joy was highly aware in its role of inner refinement or inner purification. As a result, its particles, soul-results, became increasingly meritorious, and he attained omniscience. 1. Karma is of three kinds for yogis, white, black, and mixed, for others.
-Patanjali Yogasutra 4.7