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To explain the nature of the Mahavrata, the Tattvarthasutra 79 and its nature are highlighted. What is called Mahavrata in Jain literature is called Dasha Kushala Dharma in Buddhist literature. They have included the Dasha Kushala Dharmas as follows:
Kushala Dharma
(1) Abstinence from Pranatipat and (9) Vyapada
(4) Mrishavaad (5) Pishunavachan (6) Parushavachan (7) Abstinence from Sampralaap (2) Abstinence from Adattadaan
(3) Abstinence from Mithyachar in Kama
(8) Abstinence from Amithya.
In the Bhagavati Sutra, in the commentary on Pratyakhyan, the Mahavrata are also mentioned:
Mahavrata
(1) Ahimsa
(2) Satya (3) Achaurya
(4) Brahmacharya
(5) Aparigraha
Ahimsa, Satya, Achaurya, Brahmacharya and Aparigraha, these five Mahavrata, by stopping the source of Asanaya, open the door to Sanaya. The sins of violence etc. are renounced for life in the three Karana and three Yoga. In the Mahavrata, the Savadya Yogas are completely renounced. Following the Mahavrata is like walking on the edge of a sharp sword. The one who is restrained avoids the sensual pleasures of the senses. He tries to destroy the karmas by stopping the Ashrava doors and through Samvara and Nirjara.
After this, the Shastrakar has mentioned five Samitis. Samyak Pravritti is called Samiti. 81 The desire of the Mumukhus is in the auspicious Yogas. It is also called Samiti. 82 The five, Iryasamiti etc., are called Samiti for this reason. After that, the Pancha Astikaya is described. Pancha Astikaya is the contribution of Jain philosophy. No other philosophy considers different substances as the medium of motion and rest. Vaisheshika philosophy has considered Utksepan etc. as Karma, not as substance. Jain philosophy has considered Dharma Astikaya as an independent substance for motion and Adharma Astikaya for rest. The Jain philosophy's belief about Akash is also special compared to other philosophies. Other philosophies have accepted Lokakash but not Alokakash. The belief in Alokakash is a special feature of Jain philosophy. The belief in Pudgal substance is also unique. Vaisheshika etc. philosophies believe in separate atomic species of earth etc. substances. But Jain philosophy includes earth etc. in one Pudgal substance. Each Pudgal atom has touch, taste, smell and form. Similarly, there are not separate species of these, but only one species. The atom of earth can change into the form of water and the atom of water can transform into fire. Similarly, Jain philosophy has also considered sound as Pudgalik.
Jain philosophy also has its own special belief regarding the Jiva. It considers the worldly soul as Swadehapariman. Apart from Jain philosophy, no other philosophy considers the soul as Swadehapariman.
In this way, the fifth Samavay reflects on various aspects related to Jain philosophy.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
Bhagavati Sutra, Shatak 7, Udde. 2, p. 175
Tattvarthasutra - A. 7
Majjhimanikaya - Sammadiṭṭho Suttanta 1. 9
Uttaradhyayanasutra 24 / Gatha - 26.
Sthananga Sta. 8, Sutra 603 commentary
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