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## Chapter 16:
**Penance Tapping**
[Samvayanga Sutra 1]
Penance tapping is the act of performing penance or appropriate austerities for offenses committed due to ignorance, carelessness, or the influence of passions.
**Humility Tapping**
Humility tapping is the act of abandoning ego and pride and maintaining a humble attitude.
**Reverence Tapping**
Reverence tapping is the act of showing devotion to gurus, serving the sick, and alleviating their suffering.
**Self-Study Tapping**
Self-study tapping is the act of reading, studying, listening to, contemplating, and preaching scriptures.
**Meditation Tapping**
Meditation is the act of focusing the mind on dharma and spirituality, abandoning agitated and angry thoughts.
**Renunciation Tapping**
Renunciation tapping is the act of abandoning external things like the body and internal passions like attachment.
**External tappings** are performed to enhance internal tappings. **Internal tappings** are infinitely more beneficial due to their ability to destroy karma.
**Six Types of Expansions**
[Samvayanga Sutra 32]
Six types of expansions are mentioned:
* **Pain Expansion:** Expansion due to pain.
* **Passion Expansion:** Expansion due to intense passions like anger.
* **Death Expansion:** Expansion before death.
* **Action Expansion:** Expansion during the formation of a new body or during the manifestation of powers like levitation and invisibility.
* **Luminous Expansion:** Expansion due to the use of luminous power.
* **Food Expansion:** Expansion of a hand-shaped effigy from the head of a great sage when they have a deep doubt about a certain topic and there is no Kevali (omniscient being) present in that area. This effigy travels to the Kevali, touches their feet, and returns to the sage, resolving their doubt.
**Explanation:**
All beings are called **"Chhadmastha"** (veiled) until they attain Kevalgyan (omniscience). The expansion of Chhadmastha beings is called **"Chhadmasthik Samudghat"**.
**Samudghat** refers to the outward projection of certain parts of a being due to some cause. There are seven types of Samudghat mentioned in the scriptures. Except for Kevali Samudghat, the remaining six types occur in Chhadmastha beings.
**Pain Expansion:** When a being is suffering from pain, certain parts of their being project outwards.
**Passion Expansion:** When a being is experiencing intense passions like anger, certain parts of their being project outwards.
**Death Expansion:** Before death, certain parts of a being project outwards.
**Action Expansion:** When a being is forming a new body or manifesting powers like levitation and invisibility, certain parts of their being expand.
**Luminous Expansion:** When a being uses luminous power, certain parts of their being project outwards.
**Food Expansion:** When a great sage has a deep doubt about a certain topic and there is no Kevali present in that area, a hand-shaped effigy emerges from their head and travels to the Kevali. This effigy touches the Kevali's feet and returns to the sage, resolving their doubt.
**Note:**
The duration of all these expansions is only one **"Antarmukhurta"** (a very short period of time). The parts that project outwards during these expansions remain connected to the original body.
**Six Types of Meaning Comprehension**
[Samvayanga Sutra 33]
Six types of meaning comprehension are mentioned:
* **Auditory Meaning Comprehension:** Comprehension through the ear.
* **Visual Meaning Comprehension:** Comprehension through the eye.
* **Olfactory Meaning Comprehension:** Comprehension through the nose.
* **Gustatory Meaning Comprehension:** Comprehension through the tongue.
* **Tactile Meaning Comprehension:** Comprehension through the skin.
* **No-Indriyal Meaning Comprehension:** Comprehension through the mind.
**Explanation:**
When a being perceives an object, the initial, subtle understanding that arises after the perception is called **"Vyanjanavagraha"**. The subsequent understanding of the meaning or the general knowledge of the object is called **"Arthavagraha"**. This Arthavagraha occurs through the five senses (ear, eye, nose, tongue, skin) and the mind (No-Indriyal).