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## Sixth Stage
**With Hindi Language Commentary**
One who is always eager to listen to Dharma (religious teachings) and follows the path of an ascetic (anagār) can attain the state of a Kevali (liberated being).
**163**
Although a Sadhu (ascetic) can also be called a Shravak (listener) because of their practice of listening to Dharma, their listening is complete (paripūrṇa) while a householder's listening is incomplete (aparipūrṇa). Therefore, to distinguish between the two types of listeners, the term Shravak has been established for the householder listener. The following passage from the Bhagavati Sutra clearly shows that according to the Vyavahar Nay (practical viewpoint), the terms Shravak and Upasak are used only for householders: "Kevali's Shravak or Kevali's Shravika, Kevali's Upasak or Kevali's Upasika, Sadhu's Shravak or Sadhu's Shravika, Sadhu's Upasak or Sadhu's Upasika." One who is eager to listen to Dharma is called a Shravak.
Now the question arises: what is the difference between a Shravak and an Upasak? The answer is that the term Shravak is used in the scriptures for Avritti-Samyak Drishti (right faith) and the term Upasak is used for Desh-Vritti (right conduct). For example, in the Upasak-Dasang-Sutra, it is said that a householder who observes the twelve vows of a householder is called an Upasak: "Samanovasaya jae" (Shramanopasako jatah) meaning he has become a Shramanopasak, not a Shravak. But where the term Shravak is mentioned, there is the sutra "Dansan-Savae (Darshan-Shravaka)" meaning a person who holds Samyak Darshan (right vision) is a Darshan-Shravak. This is the difference between the two.
One might wonder what the meaning of the word "Pratima" is. The answer is: "Rajoharan-Mukhapotikādi-Dravyaling-Dharitvam-Pratimatvam." This Pratima is of two types: Dravya (material) and Bhava (spiritual). Wearing Rajoharan (a kind of cloth worn by ascetics), Mukhapotika (a cloth tied over the mouth), etc., is Dravya-Pratima, and adopting the qualities of an ascetic is called Bhava-Pratima. The meaning of Pratima is resemblance, therefore, adopting the physical characteristics and qualities similar to an ascetic is Upasak Pratima. In the present stage, both Dravya and Bhava types of Pratima are described. The term "Upasak-Pratima" is used here with the aim of understanding the meaning of resemblance. By studying the Pratima of an Upasak in this stage, everyone will easily understand the difference between an Upasak and a Shraman. The difference between the two lies only in their qualities.