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including the second and third, mainly particularized viewpoint (Vyavahara naya) or transformational aspects (Paryayarthik naya) have been employed. Both these viewpoints are relative. They are not contradictory but have a variation of perspective.
All the descriptions in this chapter are with reference to dravya (physical or related to matter), kshetra (spatial or related to area), kaal (temporal or related to time) and bhaava (modal or related to mode or state) aspects. For example the first aphorism 'Soul is one' is with reference to physical aspect on the basis that all souls have unlimited potency. Knowledge can be placed in the numerical classification of 'one' on the basis that it is uniform from physical standpoint since it has the attribute of application.
In the same way the statement Jambudveep is one' is with reference to the spatial aspect. The statements 'Samaya (the smallest unit of time) is one' and 'Only one act can be performed in one Samaya' are with reference to the temporal aspect. 'Word or sound is one', this aphorism is with reference to the modal aspect because sound is a mode of matter (bhaava means paryaya or mode). This way the discussion in the first chapter includes all these four standpoints of dravya, kshetra, kaal and bhaava (physical, spatial, temporal and modal aspects)
This Sutra (book) has one shrutskandh (section) having ten sthaans (chapters). There are 256 aphorisms in the first sthaan (chapter). These aphorisms have been classified subject-wise with the affix 'pad' (another term for place or location; for convenience we will use the term 'segment'). An example is Astitvavad-pad (segment of existence). The aphorisms that contain description related to astitva (existence) have been included in the Astitvavad-pad. This style is followed throughout.
प्रथम स्थान
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