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INTRODUCTION
(d) Trāpusavija and Karpāsāsthikā, Cucumber- and Cotton
weevils and Lice (Aptera, Ametabola). (e) Šatapadi and: Utpataka, Spring-tails (Aptera-Ametabola). (f) Trinapatra, Plant-lice. (g) Kāştha-hāraka, Termites, White ants (Neuroptera, Hemimes
tabola). III. Then come the animals with four well-developed and active senses, i.e. sight, smell, taste and touch. This division comprises
(a) Bhramara, Varața, and Sāranga-Bees, Wasps and Hornets
(Hymenoptera, Holometabola). (b) Maksikā, Puttikā, Dansa and Maśaka, Flies, G
flies, and Mosquitoes (Diptera, Holometabola). (c) Vrischika and Nandyāvarta, Scorpions and Spiders (Arach
nida, Arthropoda). (d) Kita, Butterflies and Moths (Lepidoptera, Holometabola),
and (e) Patanga-Grasshoppers and Locusts (Orthopteral Hemime
tabola). IV. Finally come the animals (man and the Tiryak-yonis) with five well-developed and active senses. Omitting man, this division comprises
(a) Matsya, fishes. (b) Uraga. (c) Bhujanga. (d) Pakşi, Birds, and
(e) Chatuśpada, Quadrupeds.
Uraga and Bhujanga in popular use mean reptiles; but here evidently.Bhujanga is taken to mean oviparous limbed animals (limbed reptiles and Batrachians) and not creatures whose movements are crooked or in the form of a bent bow; and Uraga stands for apodal reptiles, including snakes (Ophidæ).
It will be seen that the first three divisions fall under the Invertebrata, and the fourth is identical with the Vertebrata. This last division (the Vertebrata) is sub-divided on a different basis, viz. the mode of reproduction. The sub-divisions are three :
A.--Andaja, oviparous (Pisces, Reptilia and Batrachia), e.g.
Şarpa (Snakes Ophidia, Reptilia), Godha, (Varanjdæ, Liza
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