Tattvarthadhigamsutram Part 2

SR No.: 002716
Original Sutra Author: Umaswati, Umaswami
Author: Hiralal R Kapadia
Publisher: Jivanchandra Sakarchandra
Publication Year: 1929
Total Pages: 472
Language: Hindi, Sanskrit
Classification: Book_Devnagari, Philosophy, Tattvartha Sutra, Tattvartha Sutra, & Tattvarth
File Size: 12 MB

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INTRODUCTION
prakriyā dealt with in Abidhammatthasangaha (ch.4, p. 18) of the Buddhists. Avadhi, manahparyāya and kevala, the three kinds of immediate or direct knowledge (I. 21-26) remind us of siddha, yogin and Tśvara of the Naiyāyika and Buddhistic systems. The treatment of manahparyāya seems to resemble paracitta-jñāna of the Yoga and Bauddha darsānas. The two divisions of pramāna (I. 10-12) as pratyakşa (including avadhi, manahparyāya and kevala jñānas) and parokşa (including mati and śruta jñānas) are, as it were, a synthetic and systematic synopsis of the various types of pramanas of the different non-Jaina systems of philosophy viz., two of the BVaisesika and sBauddha systems, three of the 'Sankhya and sYoga darśanas, four of the 'Nyāya darśana and six of the 1°Mīmāṁsā darśana. The line of demarkation drawn between knowledge and ignorance (I. 33) is similar to that drawn between yathārtha buddhi and ayathārtha buddhi of 11 Nyāya darśana and that between pramāna-buddhi and viparyaya of the 18Yoga system. The lucid and clear description of the nayas (I. 34-35) stands
1. "कथं ? उप्पादहितिभंगवसेन खणत्तयं एकचित्तक्खणं नाम ॥ तानि पन सत्तरस चित्तकूखणानि रूपधम्मानमाय ॥ एकचित्तक्खणातीतानि वा बहुचित्तक्खणातीतानि वा ठितिप्पतानेव पश्चारम्मणानि पश्चद्धारे आपाथमागच्छन्ति ॥"etc.
2. Cf. what Prasastapāda has observed in Nyāyakandalī. (p. 187). 3. "प्रत्ययस्य परचित्तज्ञानम् ॥३-१९॥"
4. For instance it is said in Abidhammatthasangaha (ch. 9, p. 50.) :"अभिजा च नाम
इद्धिविधं दिब्बसोतं, परचित्तविजानना । पुब्बेनिवासानुस्तति, दिब्बचक्खू ति पञ्चधा ॥" For further corroboration may be consulted Nāgārjuna's Dharmasangraha (p. 4.) 5. Cf. Nyāyakandali (p. 213). 6. Cf. Nvayabindu (ch. I)-" द्विविधं सम्यग्यज्ञानं प्रत्यक्षमनुमानं च।"
7. Cf. the following couplet of Sankhya-karika"दृष्टमनुमानमाप्तवचनं च सर्वप्रमाणसिद्धत्वात् । त्रिविधं प्रमाणमिष्टं प्रमेयसिद्धिः प्रमाणाद्धि ॥४॥"
8. Cf. Yoga darsana___“प्रत्यक्षानुमानागमाः प्रमाणानि । १-७॥" 9. Cf. Nyaya sūtra (1. I, 3)
"प्रत्यक्षानुमानोपमानशब्दाः प्रमाणानि ॥" 10. Cf. the Sabara bhasya of the Jaiminiya sutra (I. I. 5.):"औत्पत्तिकस्तु शब्दस्यार्थेन सम्बन्धस्तस्य ज्ञानमुपदेशोऽव्यतिरेकश्चार्थेऽनुपलब्धे तत् प्रमाणं बादरायणस्यामपेक्षत्वात् ।"
11. See the following 35th section of Tarkasangraha (Bombay Sanskrit Series No. LV):
स (अनुभवः) द्विविधो यथार्थोऽयथार्थश्च । तद्वति तत्प्रकारकोऽनुभवो यथार्थः यथा रजत इदं रजतमिति झानम । स एव प्रमेत्युच्यते । तदभाववति तत्प्रकारकोऽनुभवोऽयथार्थः । यथा शुक्ताविदं रजतमिति ज्ञानम्।"
12. Consider the following sutra of Yoga darsana:"प्रमाणविपर्ययविकल्पनिद्रास्मृतयः। १-६।"