Agam 30 mool 03 Uttaradhyayana Sutra Sthanakvasi

SR No.: 002494
Original Sutra Author: N/A
Author: Amarmuni
Publisher: Padma Prakashan
Publication Year: 2011
Total Pages: 726
Language: Hindi, Prakrit, Sanskrit
Classification: Book_Devnagari & agam_uttaradhyayan
File Size: 28 MB

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सचित्र उत्तराध्ययन सूत्र
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IMPORTANT NOTES WITH
Verse 5–Substance has two forms, divisible and indivisible. Dharmastikaya and other formless non-life substances are, in fact, indivisible. However, for convenience of understanding they have been hypothetically divided into aggregates, sections and indivisible units (space-point). The indivisible area of space occupied by an ultimate particle of matter (paramany) is called pradesh or space-point. Small and large sections of hypothetical aggregates of these space-points are called sections (desh). The undivided substance is called Skandh. Dharmastikaya and Adharmastikaya are unitary Skandhs. They have innumerable sections and space-points. There are innumerable divisions of the innumerable too. Akaash (space) has infinite space-points but it is a unitary Skandh.
Verse 6-Addha-samaya is the term used here for kaal (time). This is because the word samava has many different meanings including principle'. By adding the prefix addha it specifies the entity time having the attribute of 'passing'. According to Abhayadev's commentary (Vritti) of Sthananga Sutra (4/1/264) kaal (time) is associated with the movement of the sun. As such its manifestation in the form of night, day etc. is limited to the area of humans, the two and a half continents and nowhere else. The time entity has no scope of physical sections and space-points because in absolute terms it is just time and without physical division. That is why it is not considered an aggregate or astikaaya (conglamorative ontological category according to Jain philosophy).
Verse 7—Samaya Kshetra—The area where there is awareness of units of time including Samaya, Avalika, fortnight, month, year etc. The two and a half continents of human habitation are called Samaya Kshetra (Area of Time) or Manushya Kshetra (Area of Humans). The two and a half continents are Jambu Dveep, Dhatki Khand and Ardha Pushkar Dveep.
Verse 9-Time is also said to be beginningless, endless and eternal with regard to its continuous flow but with regard to particularity (day, night etc.) it has a beginning and an end too.
Verse 10—There are four physical divisions of matter-Skandh (aggregate), desh (section), pradesh (ultimate section, and paramanu (ultimate particle). The basic constituent of matter is ultimate particle, which is indivisible. An aggregate of two ultimate particles is bisectional aggregate (skandh having two pradesh). This combination extends from two to three to infinite sections. Matter has infinite aggregates. Ultimate particle in its aggregate state is called ultimate section (pradesh) and ultimate particle (paramanu) in its free existence.
Verse 13, 14The life of matter means the span of its stable existence in terms of form and space. After a lapse of a minimum period of one Samaya and maximum of innumerable time it changes its physical form (disintegrates or acquires some more particles) and/or changes its place of existence.
Intervening period means the time taken to regain the same form and/or space of existence after losing it once.
Verse 15 to 46—One of the distinguishing attributes of matter is constitution (samsthan). This constitution has two types-(i) specific, and (ii) unspecific. Specific constitution includes defined shapes like triangle and unspecific includes any undefined shape. Specific constitution has five types-(i) parimandal or circular like a ring, (ii) vritta or spherical like a ball, (iii) trayansra or triangular (and tetrahedron), (iv) chaturasra or square (and cube), and (v) aayat or rectangle (and hexahedron).