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KARMA PHILOSOPHY
149
The following are illustiations of kinds of falsehoods:
1. Kanyallka; literally falsehoods relating to young girls, but it is chosen to represent human beings. So one kind of falsehood is falsehood told about another person or persons.
2. Govalika; literally means falsehood relating to cows. It is used to represent any animals. Therefore another kind of falsehood is falsehood told about animals, (such as when trying to sell thein).
3. Bbumyalika; falsehoods relating to footless property, such as ground, or goods.
4. Nyasa-ninbava; means denying that you have received it when money or other deposit has been left with you.
5. Kuta-sakshyain; means giving either in or out of court,
false evidence,
These five kinds are sthula or gross forms of falsehood, as distinguished from subtle falsehoods.
Four Classes of Falsehoods. 1. The denial of a fact. To deny that a thing
exists. 2. The affirmation of that which does not
exist.
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