________________
Origin of the Jina-Image and the Jivantasväml-pratima
39
23.
Quarterly, vol. xiv (1938), pp. 459-485. make no men- tion of the Kalinga Jina. Also see Mohapatra, Ramesh Prasad, Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves (Delhi, 1981),
Pp.20166. Shah, U.P., A Unique Jaina Image of Jivantasvami, JOI,
vol. I, no.1, p.71 and note. 7. Vasudevahindi (ed. by Muni Caturavijaya and Punyavi____jaya Muni). p.61. 8. Brhat-Kalpa-Satra, with Niryukti and Bhāsya (ed. by
Muni Caturavijaya and Muni Punyavijaya), gatha 3277
and comm., vol. III, pp. 917ff. 9. Ibid., P. 776. 10. Avašyaka Cürņi (Ratlam edition), vol. I, pp. 397-401 on
Niryuktigatha 774. 11. Ibid.. p. 398. 12. Avatyaka-Vrrti of Haribhadra Suri, vol. I. part 2,
pp. 296-300. 13. प्रद्योतोऽपि वीतभयप्रतिमायै विशुद्धधीः ।
शासनेन दशपुर दच्चावन्तिपुरीमगात् ॥ अन्येद्युविदिशां गत्वा भायलस्वामिनामकम् । देवकीयं पुरं चक्रे नान्यथा धरणोदितम् ॥ विद्युन्मालिकृताय तु प्रतिमाय महीपतिः । प्रददौ द्वादशग्रामसहस्त्रान शासनेन सः ।।
___-Trisasti., X.11.604-606. 14. Ibid..x.11.623. p. 157. 15. Ibid., p. 152, v.463 and p. 157, vv. 608-609. 16. ततो गुरुमनुज्ञाप्य नियोज्यायुक्तपुरुषान् ।
प्रारप्यते खनयितुं स्थलं वीतभयस्य तत् ॥ राज्ञः कुमारपालस्य तस्य पुण्येन भूयसा । खन्यमानस्थले मंक्ष प्रतिमाविर्भविष्यति ॥ तदा तस्यै प्रतिमाय यदुद्दायनभूभुजा । ग्रामाणां शासनं दत्तं तदप्याविभविष्यति ।।
-Trisasti.,X.12.36-92, pp. 159ff. 17. विद्युन्माल्यपि तस्याज्ञामुखीकृत्य सत्वरः ।
क्षत्रियकुण्डग्रामेऽस्मानपश्यन्प्रतिमास्थितान् ॥ गत्वा महाहिमवति छित्वा गोशीर्षचन्दनम् । अस्मन्मूर्ति तया दृष्टां सालंकारां चकार सः ।।
-Trisasti..X.11, p. 149. The Nisitha Carni, vol. III, pp. 139-147 repeats the account of Daśapura etc. narrated above from Avaśyaka Cúrni and specifies further that it was an
image showing ornaments on the person of Mahavira. 18. The conception of the Jivantasvämi image of Mahavira
remained popular in the mediaeval period and was later applied to images of other Tirthankaras as can be seen from a reference to Jivantasvami-Pärsvanatha image on a golden chariot, in the story of Vankacula given by Rajasekhara (v.s. 1405)-Prabandha-kosa, ed. by Muni Jina vijaya, p. 76. Also see Jaina-Pratima-Lekha
samgraha, vol. I. pp. 5 and 7, nos. 33 and 39. 19. वणिजो विदिशापुर्या भायलस्वामिनोऽन्यदा ।
गोशीर्षकाष्ठप्रतिमा विद्युन्मालिप्रकाशिता ॥६४०।। राज्ञा कुग्जिकया चापि पूजनाय समर्पिता etc.
-Trisasti.,x.11.640, p. 154.
20.
....""कालेन गच्छता । गुप्तव मिथ्यादम्भिः सा प्रतिमा पूजयिष्यते ।। ५५३ ।। तस्याः प्रतिकृतिश्चैव बहिः संस्थापयिष्यते । आदित्यो भायलस्वामि नामायमिति वादिभिः ।।
-lbid., p. 155. vv. 553-554. 21. Brhat-Kalpa-Bhasya, vol. II, gatha 3277 and comm., and
vol. III, pp.917ff. 22. Avasyaka-carni, vol. II. pp. 155-56, on Niryukti gatha
1283. Avasyaka-vrtti of Haribhadra, II, part I, pp. 66870. अन्नया आयरिया वतीदिसं जियसामिपडिमं वंदिया गता। तत्थ रहाणुउजाने रणो घरं रहोवरि अंचति । संपतिरण्णा ओलोयणगएण अज्जमहत्थी दिट्ठो । जातीसरणं जातं । Quoted by Muni Kalyanavijaya in Vira Nirvana Samyat
aura Jaina Kalagananā, p. 90, note. 24. D.R. Bhandarkar beutified Progress Report, Western
Circle, 31-9-1913, part 2, p. 59) Vidisa with BhilsaBhaillasvämin on the basis of a copper-plate grant dated v.s.1190. The account of Bhrajilagiven by Hemacandra,
compared with this Bhaillasvamin, becomes interesting. 25. कोशलायां जीवन्तस्वामिप्रतिमा । 26. Shah, U.P.,Akota Bronzes (Bombay, 1959), pp 27-28,
pls. 12a, 74b, 74c,74d. 27. Ibid.. pp. 26-27, pls. 9a, 9b. 28. Shah, U.P., More Images of Jivantasvami, Journal of
Indian Museums, vol. XI (1955), pp. 49-50, fig.1. 29. Ibid., figs. 2, 3. 30. Agrawala, R.C., An image of Jivantasvami from
Rajasthan, Adyar Library Bulletin, vol. XXII, pts. 1-2,
pp. 32-34 and plate. 31. Dhaky, M.A., The Temple of Mahavira at Ahar and the
Visnu Temple, Ekalingji, Journal of the Asiatic Society, Calcutta, vol. XIV, pp. 11-17, and pl. VII; Dhaky, M.A., Some Early Jaina Temples in Western India, Sri Mahavira Jaina Vidyalaya Suvarna-Mahotsava Grantha (Bombay, 1968), vol. I, English Section, pp. 290-347 and plates%3; Krishna Dev, Mahavira Temple, Sevadi, Aspects of Jaina Art and Architecture (Ahmedabad, 1975), pp. 253-254
and fig. 3. 32. Tiwari, M.N.P.,Offai se prāptaJivantasvāmi ki Apra
kasila Mürtiyant, Vishwa Bhārati, vol. 14, no. 3 (1973), pp. 215-18; also Jivantasvāmi images, Bharati, New
Series no. 2 (1984), pp. 78-83. 33. Studies in Jaina Art, fig.53; Devendra Handa, Jivanta
svåmi Images from Osian, Punjab University Research Bulletin (Arts), vol. XIII, no.1 (April, 1982), pp. 11-14,
figs. 1,2. 34. Devendra Handa, ibid., figs. 1-7; Devendra Handa,
Jaina Sculptures from Osian, Punjab University Research
Bulletin (Arts), vol.XIV, no. 1 (April, 1983). pp. 172-74. 35. For example, sec Gairola, C.K.. Two Buddhist
Sculptures in the Volkerkunde Museum of Munich,
JOI, vol. XIV. p. 397 and plates. 36, Ghosh, A., Jaina Art and Architecture, vol. I, pp. 3-4. 37. Brhat-Kalpa-Sutra, gāthās 3275-3289 and comm.,
vol. III, pp. 917-921. Nisitha-Cürni, uddesa 16, gåthås 5744-5758, pp. 128-131.
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