Jain Rup Mandan

SR No.: 001961
Original Sutra Author: N/A
Author: Umakant P Shah
Publisher: Abhinav Publications
Publication Year: 1987
Total Pages: 466
Language: English
Classification: Book_English & Art
File Size: 27 MB

Page 197

184
Jaina-Rupa-Mandana
some more sculptures of this Jina in his Jaina Monuments of Orissa, fig. 56 from Kakatpur in the Orissa State Museum, Bhuvaneśvara, fig. 58 from Siśupālagadh in the same museum, figs. 70, 72 from Cuttack Jaina temple, fig. 79 bronze from Bhanpur, fig. 78 from Pratapnagari, district Cuttack, fig. 90 from Ana and figs. 93, 94 from Sainkul, fig. 92 from Vaidakhia and figs. 82, 84 from Podasingidi, all in Keonjhar district. fig. 88 from Gadachandi Vaidakhia, Keonjhar district, figs. 100, 101 from Ayodhya, district Balasore, 105, 107 from Baripada, district Mayurbhanj, 108 from Khuntapal, district Mayurbhanj and fig. 110 Sapta-Tirthika standing Pärávanātha from Khiching in the Khiching Museum, discussed also by Arun Joshi, referred to above. Mohapatra's fig. 135 is partly mutilated on its right half. The sculpture is obtained from Jamunda, Koraput district, and is now in the Jeypore Museum. Pārsva sits in the padmāsana on a simhāsana and has a standing câmaradhara on each side. In the centre of the simbasana sits four-armed Padmavati with three snake-hoods overhead. On the left side of the simhāsana is a twoarmed Nagini with folded hands. There is no dharmacakra.
Two figures in sitting position in Bada Jagannatha temple, Baripada, have canopies of nine and thirteen snake-hoods. The one with 13 snake-hoods may be of Pārsvanātha (Mohapatra's fig. 105) while the one with aine hoods could be of Supārsvanatha. Fig. 107 of Mohapatra from Jagannatha temple: Baripada shows Pārsvanātha standing with snake-hoods overhead, coils of snake at back, planets and camaradharas on two sides and on the pedestal the lower snake-halfs of the bodies of Dharanendra and his queen are tied into a någa-paša knot at the centre of the pedestal just below the double-lotus on which stands Pārsvanatha. Of this iconographic type is the beautiful standing Pārśva figure from Ayodhya, Balasore district, illustrated by Mohapatra, op. cit., fig. 100. Here on the right end of the pedestal we have a female worshipper sitting with folded hands in front of a vessel of flowers or sweets (?) while on the corresponding left end is a similar object and flaming objects only. The cámaradharas on the sides of Parsvanātha in the image from Vaidakhia now in the State Museum, Bhuvaneśvara, stand on elephants. The Pārsvanātha image of Vaidakhia is depicted with figures of Rşabhanātha, Santinātha, Mahavira and Candraprabha each having his cognizance clearly carved below his figure.342 For another standing Pärsvanātha from Ayodhya, see Fig. 47 illustrated in this book.
In Maharashtra also there are several images of Pārsvanātha. Pārsva was very popular at Ellora as can be seen from several reliefs of this Jina in the Jaina caves at Ellora. Sculptures of Pärsvanātha are found at Erandol in East Khandesh. There is a Digambara Pañcatirthi of Pārśva with two Jinas standing by the sides of Pārsva and two above the standing Jinas. Coils of the big snake with five-hoods are seen behind the figure of Pārsvanātha. There are no members of the usual parikara, the beautiful sculpture dates from c. 10th cent. A.D. All the Tirthankaras in this rare sculpture have snake-hoods over their heads (Photo Negative no. 8390 of 1934-35, Western Circle, Arch. Survey of India). There is a sculpture of Parśva in padmāsana at this site. Here also the two standing Tirthařkaras by the sides of Pārśva have snake-hoods over their heads. There are two more sitting miniature Jina figures above but since the top portions over their heads are damaged it is difficult to say with certainty whether they had snakehoods overhead or not. Pārsvanātha here sits on a simhāsana having in its centre a dharmacakra flanked by a male and a female worshipper.
From Ankai Tankai, in Maharashtra, several beautiful Jaina sculptures of Western Chalukyan influence and assignable to c. 10th-11th cent. A.D. were found. Most of them are now in the Prince of Wales Museum, Bombay. One of these is a beautiful sculpture of Pārsva standing under a canopy of five snake-hoods (as in both the sculptures from Erandol discussed above) and a caitya-tree above. Near the shoulders are flying garland-bearers and near the legs are small figures of camaradharas. Stylised marks of hair are shown on the shoulders. In a Pañcatirthi sculpture of Pārsva sitting in padmāsana preserved in the Nagpur Museum (no. B.23) we also find hair-locks on the shoulders of Pārsvanātha. There is also in this museum a standing Pärśva with coils of cobra behind his back and seven cobra-hoods above. The sculpture hails from Rajnakin Khinkhini, Akola district, and dates from c. 11th cent. A.D. No other member of the parikara is shown.
A beautiful sculpture of Päršva in ardha-pudmāsana with a fine canopy of seven snake-hoods and snake-coils behind serving as a sort of back-rest is in worship in the Pārsvanātha Basadi at Yamakana