________________ 192 TATTVARTHA SUTRA latter kind, viz. a) Vachana, taking lessons from the instructor, b) Prachchhana, raising questions so as to remove doubts, c) Anupreksha, pondering over what has been learnt, d) Amnay, which literally means a sect, but has been used here in the sense of repetition of what has been learnt and e) Dharmopadesh, which means properly presenting what has been learnt v) Vyutsarga: This is the same as Kausagga. It literally means giving up the body. In effect it denotes giving up all the physical and mental activities and staying tuned to soul. Sutra 26 specifies two categories of this austerity, viz. a) Bahya or external and b) Abhyantar or internal. Giving up of physical involvement is termed as external Vyutsarga, while that of mental involvement is termed as internal Vyutsarga. . vi) Dhyan: This is the sixth internal austerity, which is known as meditation. The subject being very vital for Nirjara, it is dealt with in sutras 27 to 46. उत्तमसंहननस्यैकाग्रचिन्तानिरोधो ध्यानम् // 9-27 // 3714ENT 119-8611 9.27: Uttamsanhananasyaikagrachintanirodho Dhyanam 9.28: Amuhurtat (Concentrating on one subject by a person of very strong physique constitutes meditation. That lasts for less than 48 minutes.) Meditation involves concentration. Sutra 27 therefore defines meditation as concentration on one subject. That can Jain Education International For Private & Personal Use Only www.jainelibrary.org
