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A HISTORY OF THE CANONICAL LITERATURE OF THE JAINAS
of kaliya and ukkaliya, we may present the results of this dichotomy in a tabular form as under :
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Anga-pavittha
Avassaya
Suyanāṇa
Ananga-pavittha or Anga-bahira
Kaliya
Sāmāïya Caüvisatthava
Vandanaya Padikkamaṇa
Käüssagga
Paccakhāṇa
From this discussion, it will be seen that there are four principal divisions of the sacred canon of the Jainas viz. (1) anga-pavittha, (2) āvassaya, (3) kaliya and (4) ukkaliya. Leaving aside the six sub-divisions of āvassaya, we may define kaliya and ukkaliya as under :
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Āvassaya-vaïritta
That śruta which is studied-recited during the first and last paurusis1 of both day and night, is styled kaliya-suya, while that śruta which is studiedrecited at all times except kālavela, is designated as ukkaliya-suya2.
Ukkäliya
As already noted in the concluding lines (p. 10) of fn. 4 (p. 10), kaliya-suya is principal whereas ukkāliya-suya is subordinate. But, in Nandi etc., the works of the former class are mentioned after the enumeration of those of the latter class.
1. Malayagiri in his com. (p. 205) on Nandi says:
" सर्वस्यापि वस्तुनो यदा स्वप्रमाणच्छाया जायते तदा पौरुषी भवति "
Before proceeding further, we may take a note of the works coming under the classes of kaliya-suya and ukkāliya-suya. A list of these works is
Thus it means the period that elapses from sun-rise to the time when the shadow of an object is equal to its height. In short it practically comes to about 3 hours.
2. " तत्थं कालियं ज दिणरादीण पढमे (चरमे) पोरिसीसु पढिज्जइ । जं पुण कालवेलावज्जे पढिज्जइ तं उक्कालियं"
so says the Cunni (p. 47) on Nandi.
Akalanka in his Tattvärtharajavārtika (p. 54) observes : "स्वाध्यायकाले नियतकालं कालिकं । अनियतकालमुत्कालिकं"
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