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OLD INDO-ARYAN CONSONANT SYNTHESIS 41
64b. ḥ(<$) >r before voiced sounds. In fact Skt ș (<IIC š = IE s preceded by it'?/kš) >*? (<IIr ž) >r before voiced sounds. e.g. IE dus-t-ito > Ilr duš-t-ita>Ilr dušita > Skt dur-ita, cp Ay duž-ita. Thus Skt paśuḥ gacchati > pasur gacchati, is historically pašuş-tgacchati > *pašuz gacchati < IIr pašuš gaššati >pašuž gaššati < IE pekus gw masketi.
In internal sandhi *7 was often lost, cerebralizing a dental. In one or two cases this has been extended to a combination of an upasarga with a following stem or verb stem. e. g. IIr duž-dabha-> Skt (RV) dūdabha, later durdabha. 65. ḥ +t(h)> st(h); historically this is s+t(h); e.g. yah+te> yas-te < IIr yas-tai < IE yos-toi. hah +-tvā!n > kas-tvā'n < IIr kas-tvām < IE quos-twēm
cp Av hasa jwa.n.
h <r also becomes s before t(h). This is an innovation in Skt; e.g. punaḥ t-te> Punas-ie (-actually punar-te).
ḥ +.t(h) if preceded by ilu'r etc. >șt(h) in vedic often, but in classical Skt rarely. e.g.
agniḥ-t-te>(vd) agnis-te, (cl) agnis-te;
catuh t-taya> (vd & cl) catustıya; but catuḥ +triiņśat >(vd & cl) catustrimsat (with st instead of șt prevented by following r). 66. ḥ+ c(!) > Śc(h); historically this is same as s + c(h)
>śc(!?); but this also includes cases of r-tch), which are inovations, due to confusion of ḥ<r & ì<s; e.g. kaḥ +ca (=kas +ca) > kaś-ci, cp Av kas-ca ( 12
qros-q"e); pūht-ca (=pūr t-ca) pū>s-ca; punaḥ --ca (punar ---ca)>punas-ca.
But svar-cakşas retains original r.
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