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OLD INDO-ARYAN COSONANT SYNTHESIS 35
<kșud -la-ka, bes ide kşudra-. Similarly pallava <pat-lava, teside pat-ra. 45. t|d+ch)>cc(h); t/d+j(h)>jj(h), td +=> cch; e.g. ucca <ud.t-ca<IE ud-que, cp Av usca; tajjalam<tad to jalam< IE tod <gelom; tacchrutam < tad +śrutam < IE tod +-klut om.
The complete assimilation here is purely of OIA inno. vation. In IE the sandhi forms only devoice the preceding voiced plosive before a voiceless plosive; e.g. ut-q"e>ud
+que, tot-klutom<tod + klutom etc. 46. 110+!(h)>tt(h); 11d+d(h) > dd(n); e. g. adāt-tikām <adāt +tīkām; uddina<ud --- dina.
This is quite a new development in Skt, since cerebrals are new sounds in OIA. The assimilation, of course, is modelled after the similar assimilation of dentals in IF, c.g. t/d+t(h)>ttch); t|d+d(h)>dd(h). 47. t|dt-h>ddh; k|8th>ggh; pb th>bbh; e.g. tad + ht>tad-dhi < IIr tad + hi <IE tod + ghi; prāg-ghavanam <prāk+havanam > IIr prākš + xhavanam < IE prāqus +-ghewenmm,
This sandhi is also a new development in Skt, since h is a new sound in OIA. 48. Final nasals n, ñ, ņ are reduplicated in OIA, when the preceding sound was a short vowel and the following sound was a vowel; e.g. bhavan + api>bhavann-api, pratyan to āsie > pratyann-äste. They were not reduplicated when the preceding vowel was a long vowel; e. g. bhavān-api, mahān-asau, m was not reduplicated; e.g. kamn-api, ayam-atra.
This reduplication of n, ñ, n has the following linguistic history. In most of the forms, final n n n were originally
followed by other consonants, wbich were, as a rule, lost Jain Education International For Private & Personal Use Only
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