Concept of Matter in Jaina Philosophy

SR No.: 001663
Original Sutra Author: N/A
Author: J C Sikdar
Publisher: P V Research Institute Varanasi
Publication Year: 1987
Total Pages: 412
Language: English
Classification: Book_English, Philosophy, & Physics
File Size: 23 MB

Page 92

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Elements of Matter
Rūpas Twelve: Five prasāda rūpas(sensitive qualities): Caksu (eye), śrotra (ear), ghrāņa (nose), jihvā (tongue), kāya (body); seven viṣaya rūpas rūpa (colour), sabda (sound), gandha (smell) and rasa (taste); three kinds of sprastavya (=touch or contact), i. e. tangible, tejodhātu spraṣṭavya (contact of fire or fire-tangible), and vayudhātu spraṣṭavya (contact of air or air-tangible).
SIXTEEN SÜKŞMA RŪPAS
(Subtle forms of Matter)
Of them ten are anispanna rūpas (1-10), namely, (1) paricchedarūpa (=material quality of relative limitation), (2-3) vijñaptirūpas (=material quality of expression): kāyavijñapti (bodily expression), vāgvijñapti (vocal expression), (4-6) vikārarūpas (conditions of matter): laghutā (=lightness), mṛdutā (=pliancy), karmajñatā (adaptability), (7-10) lakṣaṇarūpas (essential characteristics of material quality): upacaya upacaya (=growth), santati (=continuity), jarā (=oldness), anityata (=impermanence or death), (11-12) bhāvarūpas (=material qualities of sex): strītva (female), purușatva (male). (13) hṛdayavastu (=heart, the seat of consciousness), (14) jIvitendriya (=vital force), (15) āhāra (food). (16) apodhātu (=water); it is not included in the spraṣṭavya (tangible or contact).1
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Of the twenty four derived forms of Matter (upādāya rūpas) as mentioned in the Visuddhimagga only nine-the five senseorgans and four sense-objects, photthabba (tangible), being incorporated in Mahābhūtas (fundamental material elements) can be regarded as dharmas (elements) possessing intrinsic nature (svabhava) and hence real.2 It is to be noted that these ten 1. Abhidharmāmṛtaśāstra of Ghoṣaka, ed. by Santi Bhiksu,
p. 12.
2. According to the Sautrāntikas, four Mahābhūtas and four sense-objects are rupa-dharmas.
See Alambanaparīkṣā, Appendix D, p.
116.