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were also the property of the private persons subject to the jurisdiction of the Nobility and the monarch. The family and the private property, the backbone of the republican system, went into the service of tribal feudalism and gave it strength and power but the freedom that they carried with them ultimately undermined the feudal system. The priesthood and the nobility; undivided in early times, though now divided, still joined hands together and gave strength and power to each other. The priest gave real power to the nobility. He was a man of the masses and he by his professions kept the common people bound to the feudal system. These monarchs, aided by nobility and priesthood, carried military expeditions to foreign countries for material benefits. The empires were formed and the victorious monarchs became emperors.
Chandragupta was the first Bhāratīya emperor' who extended his frontiers beyond Bhārata annexing the Greek colonies. Emperor Asoka was first the emperor of violence who afterwards became the emperor of peace. The Brā. hmaņa and Kşatriya emperors of Bhārata also extended their empires in South-East Asia. Greece had adopted monarchy during the times of Philip. Alexander was the first Greek emperor.
The Roman society stood at the brink of paralysis in the first century B. C. Palestine and Syria followed Judaism. Greece was under the spirituo-Olympiac influence of Orphism and Olympianism. Both the regions of Greece and coastal West Asia were torn by internal chaos and strife. The common people were suffering great hardships. The violence and exploitations of the Roman ruling classes was bringing in large social disintegration. The Jews were divided into the Right and the Left and the leftists were mingling and assimilating with the Greeks and the Helleni
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