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TATTVĀRTHA SŪTRA: THE LIBERATING PATH : 15
• Sadsatorvisesād yadrcchopalabdherunmattavat || 33 || The opposites of Mati-jñāna, Śruta-jñāna and Avadhi-jñāna
are – Mati ajñāna (False sensory cognition), Śruta ajñnāna (False scriptural cognition) and Avadhi ajñāna or Vibhanga jñāna (False clairvoyant cognition). These opposits are false just as the cognition of a mad man devoid of discretion between the real and the unreal. (33)
Types Of Standpoints -- • Naigamasargrahavyavahārarjusūtraśabdā nayāḥ ||34|| Nayas or standpoints are five. They are – Naigama naya (Popular
or figurative standpoint), Sarigraha naya (Synthetic standpoint), Vyavahāra naya (Practical standpoint), Rjusūtra naya (Straight thread standpoint) and Sabda naya (Verbal standpoint). (34)
• Ādyaśābdau dvitribhedau || 35 ||| The first standpoint (Naigama naya or popular standpoint) has
two subdivisions - Desapariksepi (partial) and Sarvapariksepi (whole) while Śabda naya (verbal standpoint) has three sub-divisions namely, Samprata naya (Present mode standpoint), Samabhirūdha naya (Conventional standpoint) and Evambhūta naya (Actualistic standpoint). (35)
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