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A. CHAKRAVARTI :
ing point of a great conflict between the school of sacrificial ritualism led by brāhmaņa Ķşis and the anti-sacrificial doctrine of ahimsā led by the kşatriya heroes. Even in the Ķgvēda Samhitā we have references to ķşabha, Ariştanēmi”, the former the first of the Jaina Tīrthařkaras, and the latter the 22nd Tīrthankara, a cousin of Sri Krşņa.
When we leave the period of the Samhitās and enter the second period known as the period of the Brāhmaṇas, we come across some interesting facts relating to this cleavage among the Āryans. About this time the Āryans migrated towards the Gangetic valley, and they built kingdoms and settled down in the countries of Kāśī, Kõsala, Vidēha and Magadha'. Aryans living in these countries were generally designated as the Eastern Aryans (prācya) as distinguished from the Western Āryans living in the Kuru Pāñcāla countries of the Indus valley. The latter looked down upon the Eastern Aryans as distinctly inferior to themselves in as much as they lost the orthodoxy
India (1922), pp. 82-83; Winternitz : op. cit., pp. 402-03 ; V. Rangacharya : Pre-Musalman India, Vol. II, Vedic India, Part I (1937), pr. 191-95; The Vedic Age, p. 245.
1 Rgvēda Samhitā, VI-16-47, VI-28-8, X-91-14, X-166-1; See Vedic In:lex, Vol. I (1912), p. 115, wherein it is stated that the word Rşabha, occurring in the Rgrēda' is the common name of the bull'.
2. Rgvēda Samhita, I-89-6, 1-180-10, III-53-17, X-178-1.
3. The Cambridge History of India, Vol. I, Ancient India, p. 117 ; The Vedic Age, p. 255.
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