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450
STUDIES IN THE BHAGAWATI SŪTRA
[Ch. VII
with the followers of the Nyāya and Vaiseșika systems along with the Sramaņa Nirgranthas, for they admit the existence of soul and its action,
Akriyāvādins
They deny the existence of soul and its action as an agent and they may correspond to the Buddhists who believed in the doctrine of Ksanikavāda (momentariness). Aj änavādins
They do not admit the importance of knowledge for attaining spiritual liberation, because many contradictory theories assert themselves in the system of knowledge to establish their views on the attainment of salvation.
Vinayavādins
The Vinayavādins observed the principle of reverence for all beings as the highest virtue to attain spiritual realization and perfection. The Sūtra-Kytānga' treats of these four schools and their systems of thought in details and mentions 180 schools of the Kriyāvādins, 84 schools of the Akriyāvādins, 67 of the Ajñānavādins, and 32 groups of the Vinayavādins. The text throws a welcome light upon the system of thought and practice of religion of the Vinayavādins by presenting two cases of the two Vinayavādins, namely, Tāmali of Tāmralipti and Pūraņa of Bebhela Sannivesa.
Initiation
It is stated that Tāmalî got initiated by Prānāmā pravrajya (pāņāmāpavvajjā= dikšā) with the permission of his friends, kinsmen, own people, brother-in-law, attendants and his first born son.
On the day of conclusion of his fast he begged alms of pure rice from the high, low and middle class families of the city of
1 Sutra-Kritānga, 1. 12 ; 1. 12. p. 208 ; 1. 12. p. 223 a ; 11. 240 ;
Sú-Ti 1. 12. p. 208 a. See-12-5. 8; Anu. Su. 20 (Viruddhas); Sū. Tika-1. 12 p. 209-1. 12. 2; Sú. Ți. 1, 12, p. 209; Şü. Te. 1. 12. p. 209 a.
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