Jaina Theories of Reality and Knowledge

SR No.: 001608
Original Sutra Author: N/A
Author: Y J Padmarajiah
Publisher: Jain Sahitya Vikas Mandal
Publication Year: 1963
Total Pages: 444
Language: English
Classification: Book_English, Philosophy, Epistemology, & Anekantvad
File Size: 23 MB

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JAINA THEORIES OF REALITY AND KNOWLEDGE
'equally real' (tulyabalatvät)'elements in reality. Referring to this point Ghate observes that “....if at all we insist on seeing in the sūtras one of the five systems' under discussion, it can be at the most the 'bhedābheda’ system of Nimbārka, according to which both bheda and abheda are equally real, without the idea of any subordination of one to the other'8.
1. Cf. Śrutyantasuradruma, by Purushottama Prasada, Benares,
1908, pp. 67 and 69, and Ratnamālā, ślokas 47 and 48. Supporting the equal reality of bheda and abheda, Bindu (śloka 13) declares :
abhedah kevalo bhrāntih tatha bhedo'pi kevalah /
śrutism;tiviruddhatvāt vivekinām asammataḥ// For the erroneous consequences issuing from the two views of atyantabhedavāda and atyanta (kevala) bhedavada, see ślokas 3, 4, 7 and 8. Nearly every work, under the present system, contains at least a short account of criticisms, in general, against the two views just mentioned, as well as criticisms, in particular, against the views of Sankara's māyāvāda, Bhāskara's aupādhika bhedabhedavāda, Rāmānuja's cidacidviśiştaparameśvaravāda. See, for instance, Devācārya's Siddhānta-jähnavi (a gloss on the Brahmasūtras; together with Sundarabhatta's sub-comm. Siddhantasetukā, Benares, 1906, pp. 30-56), Puruśottama's Vedāntaratnamañjūşā (concerned mainly with 'māyāvādaniräkarana'), and Śrutyantasuradruma (Benares, 1908), pp. 11 ff., and 61 ff. etc.; and Madhava-Mukunda's Para-paksa-giri-vajra (a review of whose controversies with the non-Nimbārka, par
ticularly advaita, views is given in HIP, Vol. III, pp. 416-439). 2. The five systems referred to here, are those of sankara, Rāmā.
nuja, Nimbārka, Madhva and Vallabha. 3. V. S. Ghate's The Vedānta, Poona, 1926, p. 183 (Reference to the
sūtras follows this passage). See also Indian Antiquary, Vol. II, 1939, p. 324; and P.N. Srinivasachari's The Philosophy of Bhedā
eda, 2nd edn.. Madras, 1950. p. 155 (for a reference to S. Majumdar's view). That the claim that there is no 'subordination of one to the other' is, eventually, incompatible with any form of satkāryavāda or brahmapariņāmavāda, under which Nimbărka's school figures, has already been, and will again be, touched upon at the end of this section.
CON