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________________ 312 Order Carnivora Order Rodentia Order Lagomorpha Order Primatee Order Antiodatyla Order Perissodactyla Order Preboseidea Oader Cetacca : Dogs (Sunaga or Sva ), Cats (Biḍalı) bears (Rksa), etc.69 1:3 Rats (mūṣikā), squirrels (śayika), beavers and porcupines (sallaka) etc.70 : Rabbits (Sasaka) and hares (Śasá). Jain Education International Jaina Biology : Monkeys, apes72 and man (manuṣya).73 Even-toed ungulates (dukhură),74 e.g. and cattle, dear, camels etc. : Odd-toed ungulates (egakhura) horses rhinocereroses, etc.75 : : (Gaṇḍipada): Elephants (Hasti)76 : Whales (Timi ).77 It is suggestive from this survey of the classification of the animal kingdom that the Jainacaryas recognized in principle the grades of likeness or similarity in animal classifications, viz. (1) the complete identity of type which exists within a single species, (2) The likeness between species of the same great genus (such species have the same great genus (such species have the same great genus) such species have the same bodily parts, differing only in degree in number, size, etc. and (3) the likeness by analogy between greatest genera themselves, on the basis of sense-organs, for they grasped firmly the homology between arm, foreleg, wings, fin, between bone and fish spine, between feather and scale.78 They never applied any cut and dried method of classification of animal. They were well aware of the difficulties of the existence 69. Ibid. 70. TS. I1. 34. 71. TS. II. 34. 72. Bhs. 12. 8. 450. 73. TS, II. 34; Uttaradhyayana Sutra, 36. 194; Pannavanā 1. 72. 74. Pannavanā 1. 72. 75. Ibid., 1. 71, 76. Ibid. 1. 73, 77. Pannavana 1. 63, 78. Bhagavati Vyakhyāprajñapti, 1, 5. 49; 2. 1. 83-34; 9-32-375; 2c. 1. 663 24. 17. 708-12; Uttaradhyayana Sutra 36. 127; 136; 150-155. For Private & Personal Use Only www.jainelibrary.org
SR No.001543
Book TitleJaina Biology
Original Sutra AuthorN/A
AuthorJ C Sikdar
PublisherL D Indology Ahmedabad
Publication Year
Total Pages340
LanguageEnglish
ClassificationBook_English, Science, Biology, & Philosophy
File Size19 MB
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