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## Chapter Eight
The nature of *āsrava* has been explained. Now, the nature of *bandha*, which is the next topic, should be explained. While explaining *bandha*, the causes of *bandha* are mentioned first, because *bandha* occurs due to them.
**False belief, non-restraint, carelessness, passions, and karmic activities are the causes of *bandha*.**
**Explanation:**
* **False belief** etc. have already been explained. Where?
* **False belief** has been explained in the aphorism "Faith in the true nature of things is right belief." It is the opposite of right belief.
* **False belief** has also been explained in the twenty-five actions while explaining *āsrava*.
* **Non-restraint** has been explained. Its opposite, **restraint**, should be understood.
* **Carelessness** is included in the actions of **violating the injunctions** and **lack of desire**.
* **Carelessness** is the lack of respect for good actions.
* **Passions** are anger, etc., which are of many types due to their different effects, non-rejection, rejection, and agitation.
* These have also been explained earlier. Where?
* They have been explained in the aphorism "Passions of the senses."
* **Karmic activities** are of three types, based on body, speech, and mind.
* These have also been explained earlier. Where?
* They have been explained in the aphorism "Karmic activities of body, speech, and mind."
**False belief is of two types: innate and acquired through instruction.**
* **Innate false belief** is the lack of faith in the true nature of things, which arises due to the emergence of the karma of false belief, without any instruction.
* **Acquired false belief** is of four types:
* **Action-based**,
* **Non-action-based**,
* **Ignorant**, and
* **Deceptive**.
**Or, false belief is of five types:**
* **Absolute false belief**,
* **Opposite false belief**,
* **Doubtful false belief**,
* **Mixed false belief**, and
* **Ignorant false belief**.