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## Sarvarthasiddhi
**11168 197:** If Avagraha etc. are the knowers of Bahu etc., then what is the qualifier of Bahu etc.? To answer this, the next sutra says:
**_Arthasya_ (Of the object) Avagraha, Iha, Avaya and Dharana, these four are the types of Matijnana. ||17||**
**198:** The object of the senses like eye etc. is called 'Artha'. It should be understood that Avagraha etc. are of that 'Artha' which is qualified by Bahu etc. Doubt: Since Bahu etc. are themselves 'Artha', why is this sutra said? Solution: It is true that Bahu etc. are themselves 'Artha', but this sutra 'Arthasya' is said to refute the theory of other schools. Some schools believe that qualities like Rupa etc. are the ones that come in contact with the senses, and therefore, they are the ones that are grasped. But this is not correct, because these qualities like Rupa etc. are intangible and cannot come in contact with the senses. Doubt: If this is the case, then how can we say "I saw the Rupa, I smelled the Gandha"? Solution: What is grasped by the senses or what is grasped through the senses is called 'Artha'. According to this, 'Artha' is the substance. When it comes in contact with the senses, since Rupa etc. are inseparable from it, therefore, it is also possible to say "I saw the Rupa, I smelled the Gandha" in relation to Rupa etc.
**Special Note:** The object of knowledge is neither general nor specific, but a substance that is both. The sutra 'Arthasya' is composed to explain this very point. This refutes the view of the Nyaya and Vaisheshika schools that qualities like Rupa etc. come in contact with the senses.
**199:** Are these Avagraha etc. of all the senses and mind, or is there some difference in relation to the object? To answer this, the next sutra says:
**Vyanjanasya Avagraha (It is the Avagraha of the Vyanjana). ||18||**