________________
o
q+1
and if
a olo
=
q - e, then—
b
b
+
[7.J! If =
Ö - If ŏ =
4, and † is another fraction, then
= gribe 4, and 6+ x = q – c, then
[ 8 ]
+
olo te ole me ole ole ole
bc 9-C
[ 9 ]3
= q, and his = q + c, then—
1
bc
q + c
[10 * If 5
= 4
and
5+ 6
= , then–
[11] If = , and be = g', then,
Q = q + 626
The above results are all found in quotations given in the Dhavalā. They are not found in any known mathematical work. The quotations are from Ardha-Măgadhi or Prakrit works. The presumption is that they are taken from Jaina works on mathematics or from previous commentaries. They do not represent any essential arithmetical operation. They are relics of an age when division was considered & difficult and tedious operation. These rules certainly belong to an age when the placevalue notation was not in common use for arithmetical operations.
The rule of three-The rule of three is mentioned and used at several
1. ibid p 46, quoted verse 28. 2. ibid p 48, quoted verse 29. 3. ibid p. 49, quoted verse 30. 4, ibid p, 49, quoted verse 31. 5. ibid p. 49, quoted verse 32.
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