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INTRODUCTION
101
Among the other grammarians of Eastern School Pu, Ki and Rt discuss the above three varieties in their grammars. Vr knows no Ap dialect. Ki names Vrācada as Vrācaţa and what he says about the Nāgara and Upanāgara varieties of Ap is not clear (V. 71 ). He probably means that Nāgara is to be employed in dramatic works like Rāsaka” while Upanāgara which is a mixture of Pkt and Nāgara ( Prūkstamisraħ ) in the songs (gūthādau ). He treats the Ap, however, in a general way like He and his followers.93 Canda's treatment of Ap is too insufficient to give us a correct picture of this dialect ( See CD III. 37).
43. GRIERSON has rightly pointed out that Mk’s treatment of Ap closely resembles much of He's. He's Ap is based solely on Ś pkt as is evident from his sū:Saurasenīvat ( IV. 6 ) which is comparable to a similar treatment of Mk regarding Nāgara which is regarded as the standard Ap dialect, viz., ANTE O AERISTITÀ : aga (XVII. 1 ).
The chapter dealing with Nāgara in Mk's work is divided into three sections. First section deals with samkīrna-vidhi (miscellaneous), the second subvidhi ( declension ) and the last tinvidhi ( conjugation ). The following are some of the important features of Nāgara in respect of the sections as mentioned against each.
Sarkirnavidhi :- k, kh, t and th become optionally g, gh, d and dh respectively. The letter y becomes ro in words like vyāsa, lengthening and shortening of
92 For the difinition of Rāsaka see SD VI, 288-290.
93. Even though Hc treats Ap as a uniform language, his certain rules indicate that he is dealing with several dialects coming under Ap class. (Grammatik 28)
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