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## Chapter Forty-Eight
The **knowledge-obscuring karma** is of five types, the **perception-obscuring karma** is of nine types, the **karmas to be experienced** are of two types, and the **delusion karma** is of twenty-eight types. ||221||
The **lifespan** is of four types, the **name** is of forty-two types, the **lineage** is of two types, and the **hindrances** are of five types. ||222||
The **five** **karmas to be obscured** are: **knowledge of perception**, **knowledge from scriptures**, **clairvoyance**, **knowledge of the mind**, and **omniscience**. The **five** **counter-natures** of karma, which obscure these five karmas, are: **knowledge of perception obscuring karma**, **knowledge from scriptures obscuring karma**, **clairvoyance obscuring karma**, **knowledge of the mind obscuring karma**, and **omniscience obscuring karma**. ||223||
From the perspective of **substance**, even an **unliberated being** possesses the **power** of **knowledge of the mind** and **omniscience**. Therefore, all five types of **knowledge-obscuring karma** are present in them. ||224||
The **liberated being** is **liberated** because of the **potential** for the manifestation of these **qualities**. The **unliberated being** is **unliberated** because of the **lack of potential** for the manifestation of **omniscience** and **knowledge of the mind**. ||225||
The **four** **perception-obscuring karmas** are: **visual perception obscuring karma**, **non-visual perception obscuring karma**, **clairvoyance obscuring karma**, and **omniscience obscuring karma**. These four, along with the **five** **types of sleep** (**sleep**, **half-sleep**, **drowsiness**, **deep drowsiness**, and **stupor**), constitute the **nine** **counter-natures** of **perception-obscuring karma**. ||226||
**Sleep** is a state of **rest** that removes **pride** and **regret**. **Half-sleep** is a state of **deep sleep**. ||227||