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A SOURCE-BOOK IN JAINA PHILOSOPHY
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yogātmā (hermic energy of the soul), (5) jñānātmā (soul as knowledge) (6) darśanātmā (intuitive experience of the soul (7) caritrātmā (soul as an ethical being) and (8) viryātmā (the inherent energy of the soul). These distinctions have been made from the points of view of substance and modifications: The description of soul as a substance has been made from the point of view of substance, and the remaining descriptions of the seven states have been made from the point of view of modifications. The substance (dravya) and modifications (paryāya) are both mutually complementary to each other. One cannot exist without the other. Substance without modifications and similarly modifications without substance, are not possible. Where there is substance, there must be modes (paryāyas).1
1 Dr. Mohanlal Mehta : Jainadharma aur Darsana (Hindi) pp.
123-129.
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