Source Book in Jaina Philosophy

SR No.: 001263
Original Sutra Author: N/A
Author: Devendramuni
Publisher: Tarak Guru Jain Granthalay
Publication Year: 1983
Total Pages: 590
Language: English
Classification: Book_English & Philosophy
File Size: 10 MB

Page 69

A SOURCB-BOOK IN JAINA PHILOSOPHY
two types i natural and artificial. There are constant changes taking place in the substances by their very nature. But the modification of a mundane being (sarhsāri jiva) is due to the encrustations of karman to the soul ; and this is not the natural condition of the soul.
In the Vedic philosophy, there are two prominent views of thought : Advaitavāda (Non-dualism or Monism) and Dvaitavāda (dualism).
Regarding the nature of the Universe, Advaita philosophy presents three views : (i) Jadādvaitavada (Naturalistic Monism), (ii) Caitanyadvaitavāda (Idealistic Monism) and (iii) Jada-caitanyādvaitavāda (Naturalistic and Spiritualistic Monism). The Jadādvaitavāda (Naturalistic Monism) maintains that consciousness is a product of matter. It is the by-product of the chemical changes in the body of an individual. It is an epiphenomenon. The Cārvāka-Materialism and the Materialism of the modern science hold this view.
According to Caitanyadvaitvāda, the Brahman is the ultimate reality and the fundamental principle of the universe. The Brahman is transcendent of the three worlds. In the Satupatha Brāhmaṇa, it ' has been said that the Brahman is beyond the three worlds. He thought : 'how can I express myself in the three worlds ?' Then He showed himself in the forms of nama and rüpa (name and form).
Jada-caitanyādvaitvāda maintains that the universe is a product of the synthesis of spirit and matter (cetana and acetana). But, the Naturalistic Monists (Jaļädvaitavādin) and the Absolute Idealism (Caitanyadvaitavāda) do not accept the view presented by the Jadacaitanyavādin because the effect cannot proceed from the cause which is dis simliar. The Naturalistic Monism maintains that the mind arises out of matter, and the Ideal Monistic Idealism maintains that matter is the expression of the spirit. Thus, the Monist does not accept the independent reality of matter and spirit. The priority of cognitive consciousness is the cardinal principle of the Idealist and reality of the objective world independent of consciousness is the assertion of the Realist. Matter is primary for the Materialist and spirit is primary for the Idealist.
1
Šatapatha Brāhmana 1, 1, 2, 3. Tad dvābhyāmeva pratyvaida rüpena calva nämnă ca.