Source Book in Jaina Philosophy

SR No.: 001263
Original Sutra Author: N/A
Author: Devendramuni
Publisher: Tarak Guru Jain Granthalay
Publication Year: 1983
Total Pages: 590
Language: English
Classification: Book_English & Philosophy
File Size: 10 MB

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A SOURCE-BOOK IN JAINA PHILOSOPHY
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presentation of both the points of view. In this tradition three-fold forms of expression of being, non-being and being non-being (ubhaya) are also found. In the view, where there is negation of both sat and asat, we find the fourth predication of neither being nor non-being (anubhaya).
In the Upanişads we get the four forms as expressions as sat (being), 2 asat (non-being), 8 sadasat (being and non-being) and neither both (anubhaya). Anubhaya may also be said to be avaktavya (inexpressible.)4 The predication of avaktayya has three meanings as (1) it is a negation of being and non-being (2) it is a negation of being,nonbeing and both (sadasat) and (3) sat and asat are to be considered as predicated simultaneously. The predication of avaktavya is very important in the Upanişads. 5 Avaktavya has been given the third place of predication, the first being sat and the second asat. In some places, the predications have been given the fourth place and in that case it expresses that the negation of the three predications of sat, asat and sa dasat. The predication of avaktavya can be considered as of two forms, as sāpekṣa (relative) and nirapeksa (absolute). Sāpekṣa avaktavyatā expresses the concept of inexpressibility of the sat, asat and of both. Nāgārjuna, the Buddhist philosopher, has presented the concept of inexpressibility of all the four predications of sat, asat, ubhaya, and anubhaya. This is the expression of catuskoți. In this way the sāpeksa (inexpressibility) predication is based on the negation of the first, second and third or all the four aspects. It expresses, the negation of
1. (a) Tsopanişad-tadejati tannaijati
(b) Kathopanişad 1, 2, 20-aņoranīyān mahato māhīyān.
(c) Mundakopanişad 2, 2, 1-sadsadvareryam 2. Chandogyopanişad 6, 2--sadeva saumyedamagra āsīt. 3. Chandogyo panişad 3, 19, 1-asadevedamagra āsīt. 4. Taittirīya Up. 2, 4-yato vāco nivartante. 5. (a) Kenopanişad, 1, 4-yadvācanabhyuditam. (b) Kathopanişad 2. 6, 12- naiva vāca na manasā prāptum
sakyoh. (c) Mängūkyopanişad 7,