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A SOURCE-BOOK IN JAINA PHILOSOPHY
Khecara animals are of four types as : 1. Carma pakşi 2. romapakşi 3. samudgapakşi 4. vitatapakşii bat 3 SAMSĀRI AND MUKTA JIVAS
According to Jainism, from the point of view of substance and energy all jīvas are equal. There is no distinction between a jīva and I swara as a higher jīva. But from the point of view of modes, a distinction has been made among the jīvas as those who are liberated (siddha jīvas) and those who are in sarsāra (saṁsāri jīvas). They are considered to be the freed souls and those who in bondage in this wheel of sarsāra. When the soul is freed from the kārmic matter, it becomes pure and is freed from the wheel of life and death. Uttarādhyayana and other agama books give various synonymous words for mukti which have been used in their books : mokşa, nirvāna,bahihvihāra, siddhaloka,5 ātmavasati,& anuttaragati,? pradhānagati,& varagati,' sugati.10 apunarāvrtta,11 avyābādhal2 and lokottamottamals etc. The state of the soul in mukti condition is characterised by freedom from disease, without body, without experiences of misery, the enjoyment of the perfect bliss and peace, perfect purity and perfect holyness, without destruction and possessed
1. Uttarādhyayana sūtra, 36, 188. 2. Ibid, 6, 10. 3. Ibid, 36, 269; 28, 30. 4. Ibid, 14, 4. 5. Ibid, 23, 83; 10, 35. 6. Ibid, 14, 48; 7, 25. 7. Ibid, 18, 38; 18, 39-40, 42, 43, 48. 8. Ibid, 19, 68. 9. Ibid, 36, 67. 10. Ibid, 28, 3 11. Ibid, 29, 44, 21, 24. 12. Ibid, 29, 3. 13. Ibid, 29, 58.
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