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## Karika 61]
The trika of **devaagama** and **karma** is considered to be different from each other. (The obstacle that arises in this is explained further.)
**Explanation:** Here, according to the Vaisheshika school, the word "**karma**" refers to actions like walking, etc., the word "**kaaran**" refers to the cause, the word "**guna**" refers to the eternal qualities, the word "**gunee**" refers to the substance that is the support of the qualities, the word "**saamaanya**" refers to the universal, and the word "**saamaanyaavaan**" refers to the meaning of substance, quality, and karma.
The Vaisheshika school states that there is complete difference between action and the actor, between **samaavaaya** and the **samaavaayee**, between the part and the whole, between the quality and the qualified, between the attribute and the attributed, between the universal and the universalized, and between the absence and the absent. This is because they appear different, like the Sahyadri and Vindhyachala mountains.
An attempt has been made to prove this "difference in appearance" without any flaws like invalidity, contradiction, etc. In this attempt, it has also been said that the characteristics of the effect, cause, etc., are different from each other, and this difference in characteristics is the reason for the difference in appearance. If the object is one, then it will not appear different due to different characteristics. This does not contradict the reason for the difference in appearance, because the opposite, which is characterized by different characteristics, lacks existence in it.
Another point that has been made is that those who believe that the effect and cause, the quality and the qualified, and the universal and the universalized are identical, are wrong. This is because their **desha** (field) is not different. Those who are not identical, their **desha** is not different, like the Sahyadri and Vindhyachala mountains. The **desha** of the effect, cause, etc., is the same. Therefore, they are identical. And through this inference, they conclude that the effect, cause, etc., are...