________________
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[P. 42. A. 1. S. 16. expressed sense is accepted with reference to Universal (alfa), qualities (g), things (a), and actions (fr); and a word which expresses such a sense is called or वाचक word. For instance - गौ: is (जाति), शुक्ल is a गुण (a quality), चलति is an action (क्रिया) and देवदत्त is a proper name or a thing ().
Here, हेमचन्द्र quotes with approval पतंजलि the author "Four-fold is the power of words (signi
of
fying correspondingly four senses).
-
is unwilling to pursue any longer the discussion of what if is for the simple reason that it is not directly useful to the present subject.
and others have made a hair-splitting discussion about the true nature of fa, about whether a word signifies or for both or any other thing. But merely mentions different opinions on the point thus:---
(1) a word signifies always the Universal (afa).
(2) a word signifies both the object and its property or in other words both the particular and the Universal.
(3) a word (according to ats) does not directly refer to any object but merely denotes the absence of other objects.
In this and the following discussion of and व्यञ्जना, हेमचन्द्र has literally followed मम्मट and copied, almost verbatum passages after passages from 's काव्यप्रकाश. In his विवेक, however, हेमचन्द्र has supplemented what he has omitted in his text. For instance, he says that every word has an उपाधि; and has classified उपाधि into two kinds thus:--
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