Angavijja

SR No.: 001065
Original Sutra Author: N/A
Author: Punyavijay, Vasudev S Agarwal, Dalsukh Malvania
Publisher: Prakrit Granth Parishad
Publication Year: 1957
Total Pages: 487
Language: Prakrit, Hindi
Classification: Book_Devnagari, Agam, Canon, Jyotish, & agam_anykaalin
File Size: 15 MB

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INTRODUCTION costly (juttaggha), fairly costly (samaggha), thick (thala), thin (aņuka), broad (diha), small (hrassa), bearing border (sakaladasada), plaited borders (chhinnadasa), used (vivādita), sewn (sivita), cut-piece (chhidda), wrapper (pāvāraka), fluffy blanket (kotava), woollen (unnika), lining (attharaka), short-haired (tanuloma), bridal trousseau (vadhayavattha), shroud (matakavattha), vilāta, one's own (saka), one's own or other's (ātavitaka), others (paraka), given away (nikkhitta), stolen (apahita), begged (yāchitaka), lost (natha), gained (laddha). Cloths were white, black, red, yellow, green, peacock-green (mayarakaggiva), elephant grey (karenayaka), two-coloured (vitta), gamboge, lotus red (payumarattaka). realgar shaded (manosilaka), deep black (mechaka). The dyes are said to be of the best, middle and as desired classes. Red is viratta or half red (addharatta); it was of the colour of jātīpašta. The turban is named as jālaka (net), pastika, vatthaņa (veshtana) and sīsekarana. Uttarijja was wrapped above the navel and antarijja below the navel. Pachchattharna was a carpet, vitānaka the ceiling canopy and parisaranaka a floor cover. (163-164).
Chapter thirty-two gives a long list of food grains and their place in prognostications. (164-165).
Chapter thirty-three is devoted to conveyances. Of the conveyances plying on the roads the following are mentioned : Sibikā, bhaddāsaņa, pallan kasika (litter), radha (chariot), sardamāņikā, gilli, jugga, golinga, sakada and sakaļi. Sibikā and bhaddāsaņa were of equal superior rank. The chariots were used in war and accompanied the caravans. One could stretch fully in pallaukasikā; it was long and covered. Sakada, sandamāņikā and gilli are placed in the same class; a waggon of middle size is sagadi. The chariot's and golinga's front part is raised (ullāyita), the back part lowered (anullāyita). (165-66).
The names of boats are more interesting : They are ņāva, pota, kottimba, sālikā, tappaka, plava, pindikā (round boat), kāņdevelu, dati (water-skin). Nāva and pota had ample room while koțțimba, sālikā, sathghāda, plava and tappaka were middle sized boats. Kattho (kanda) and velu were small, so also tumba, kumbha and dati. It is interesting to note that the Periplus (44) while describing Barygaza (Broach) says-“Native fishermen in the King's service, stationed at the very entrance in well-manned large-boats called trappaga and cotymba go up the coast as far as Syrastrene". These boats could now be safely identified with the korțimba and tappaga of the Angavijja. Speaking about the boats plying on the Eastern coast of India the Periplus (60) abserves"and other very large vessels made of single logs bound together, called sangaru ; but those which make the voyage to Chryse and to the Ganges are called colandia, and are very large", The first were no doubt, the crafts made of hollowed logs with plank sides and outriggers such as are still used in South India and Ceylon; the larger types sangara, were probably made of two such canoes joined together by a deck platform admitting of a fair sized deck house. According to Dr. Taylor (JASB, Jan. 1847, pp. 1-78) the name jangar was in his time being used for these double canoes. Caldwell gives the form changadam in Malayalam, jangala in Tulu, and sangbadam in Sanskrit. Benfey derives it from Sanskrit sangara “trade'; Lassen, however, thinks the word of Malay origin (Schoff, The Periplus of the Erythrean Sea, p. 243). All doubt about its derivation is now set at rest by the mention of sanghäța, as a kind of craft by the Angavijjā.
In the above list sälikā was probably provided with a cabin-house ; piņdikā was a round boat, kāņda was made of rushes, veļu from bamboo, tumba from gourd floats; dati is a float made of bloated skins; kumbha is a float made of pitchers. (166).
Horses, elephants, xen, buffaloes, asses and sheep were also used as conveyances,
166,
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