Agam 15 Upang 04 Pragnapana Sutra Part 02

SR No.: 001064
Original Sutra Author: Shyamacharya
Author: Punyavijay, Dalsukh Malvania, Amrutlal Bhojak
Publisher: Mahavir Jain Vidyalay
Publication Year: 1971
Total Pages: 934
Language: Prakrit
Classification: Book_Devnagari, Agam, Canon, Metaphysics, & agam_pragyapana
File Size: 16 MB

Page 355

...[326]... employed in masculine gender. But the speech that employs these words in masculine gender could not be regarded as false. It is a specimen of Prajñāpani (descriptive) speech (832). (It is so because it describes the real state of the objects expressed. In other words, the gender in which a word is employed corresponds to the actual gender of the object denoted by that word.) Even when the gender of the word used in the speech does not correspond to the gender of the object denoted by that word, the speech could not be regarded as false. It should be considered to be a case of Prajñāpanā speech (851-53, 833, 854, 857). (Moreover, by the verbal speech we order a person of any gender and this person may or may not carry out our orders). This 12 ajñāpani (imperative) speech too could not be held as false. It should be regarded as a case of Prajñāpani speech (834-855). The speech that describes the characteristics of things possessing different genders could not be regarded as false even though the characteristics described by it are not entirely available in the concerned persons or things. It is simply a case of prajñāpant speech (835). The words which express universals are found employed in genders; (but the universals have no gender at all). Even the speech containing these words could not be regarded as false. It is also a case of prajñāpant speech (836). Similarly, the speech that delivers orders keeping in view the class or universal could not be regarded as false. It is a case of prajñāpani speech. Again, the speech which describes the characteristics of a class, viz. masculine, feminine, neuter could not be considered to be false. This is also a specimen of prajñāpant speech (837–838, 856).
Words of speech are classified on the basis of different principles. According to this classification there are 16 types of words. Out of them the nine are yielded by 3 genders13, 3 numbers14 and 3 tenses. Some are pratyakşavacana, parokşavacana, adhyātmavacana, etc. The remaining types are yielded by other standpoints or principles of classification (896). All these types are included in the prajñāpant speech which is not a false speech. (897)
12. Ājñāpani bhāşā is a type of asatyamrşā bhāsā (sū. 866). 13. For the classification of words on the basis of gender (linga) one may
refer to sū. 851-853. 14. In sü. 849-850 there occurs the classification of words on the basis of
number. But therein the dvivacana (dual number) which is found in Sanskrit language is not mentioned. It is so because in Prakrit language there is no dvivacana.