Varno ka Vibhajan

Author(s): Satyakam Varma
Publisher: Z_Hajarimalmuni_Smruti_Granth_012040.pdf
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/211883/1

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2 DA. satyakAma varmA vargoM kA vibhAjana' Aja ke bhASA-viSayaka adhyayana kI jo mahattvapUrNa dene mAnI jAtI haiM, unameM se varNabhAgoM yA allAphonsa kI svIkRti bhI eka hai. varNa ko Adhunika paribhASA meM 'phonIma' kahA jAtA hai. jaba koI dhvani varNa kI pUrNasthiti taka na jAkara bIca meM hI raha jAtI hai, use 'allAphonsa' ke nAma se smaraNa kiyA jAtA hai. Aja jise vartamAna bhASA-vijJAna kI apUrva dena samajhA jAtA hai. yahA~ hama yaha dikhAne kA prayAsa kareMge, ki usakA adhyayana kitanI gaharAI ke sAtha prAcIna bhAratIya vaiyAkaraNoM ne kiyA thA. kucha avadheya paribhASAeM- isa viSaya meM sabase prathama sahAyaka paribhASA hameM yAska ke nirUkta meM milatI hai. dhAtubhinna kisI 'padabhAga' kI kevala varNasAmya ke AdhAra para usane kalpanA kI hai : 'padebhyo padAntarArdhAn saMcaskAra' (nirukta). padAntara yA padAntarArdha saMjJA bhASA, vaijJAnika mahattva kI hai. isI samaya ke prAtizAkhyoM meM eka naI paribhASA 'apinihiti' ke rUpa meM sAmane AI. 'AtmA' 'idhya' Adi zabdoM meM jahAM bhI saMdhi-niyamoM ke viruddha-kArya hotA dikhAI diyA (aura bAda meM apabhraMza Adi meM unakA sthAnAntaraNa kisI aura varNa dvArA huA), vahAM hI unhoMne 'apinihiti' ke rUpa meM eka aspaSToccarita dhvani kI antarvattinI sattA ko svIkAra kara liyA. yaha pANini ke 'vaoNyaD' yA 'jITo' se bhinna sthiti hai. pANini ne aisI apUrNa sthiti kuk, Tuk, GamuT, dhuTa Adi AgamoM kI svIkAra kI hai, jinake dvArA Agata dhvaniyA~ sunAI na dekara bhI apanA prabhAva chor3atI dikhAI detI haiM.2 parantu pANini isa viSaya meM do paribhASAe~ aisI dete haiM, jina para vicAra atyAvazyaka ho jAtA hai. ye haiM- hrasvAdeza aura savarNa. 'hrasvAdeza' se hameM kevala yahI patA calatA hai ki varNa apanI sthiti aura mAtrA Adi badala sakate haiM. kintu 'savarNa' kI paribhASA hameM kucha aura hI saMketa karatI hai. Asya aura prayatna kI samAnatA ke AdhAra para savarNa (tulyAsyaprayatna savarNam ) siddha karane ke bAda, jaba ve pratyeka vyaMjanavarga ko savarNa (aNuditsavarNasya cApratyayaH) kahate haiM, taba samasyA yaha uThatI hai ki kyA k-kha-ga-gha-G Adi meM bhI kucha vaisI hI samAnatA hai, jaisI a-A-aM Adi meM pAI jAtI hai ? pANini isakA uttara 'hA~' meM hI dete haiM. to, kyA yaha samAnatA kevala mukhagata uccAraNasAmya ke kAraNa hI hai ? savarNa kA artha hai samAna varNa. arthAt ina tathAkathita savarNoM meM varNAtmaka yA dhvanyAtmaka sAmya bhI mUlata: nihita hotA hai. tathAkathita varga ke pAMcoM vargoM meM 'k' kI-sI dhvani kA kucha aMza avazya upasthita rahatA hai. phira yadi 'kaNThaya' hone ke kAraNa bhI unakI dhvanyAtmaka samAnatA svIkAra kI jAe, taba bhI unameM 'dhvani-taraMgoM' kI kucha aMza taka samAnatA svIkAra karanI par3egI, una saba kI dhvani-taraMgeM eka hI sthAna se jo uThatI haiM ! parantu, savarNoM aura 'hasvAdezo' kI isa samasyA ko adhika spaSTa karane kA zreya pataMjali ko hI milatA hai. unhoMne hI hameM sarvaprathama 'varNakadeza' aura 'uttarapadabhUyas' jaisI vaijJAnika paribhASAe~ dI. hrasvAdeza hoM, sandhiniyama hoM, sandhyakSaroM 1. 26 veM antarrASTrIya prAcyavidyA-sammelana meM -lekhaka dvArA par3he gae eka lekha ke AdhAra para. 2. isakI vizeSa carcA dekheM lekhaka ke lekha-varNabhAga meM, 'bhAratIya sAhitya', janavarI-1961 I0. Jain Elidation internate Useru meimeterary.org

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satyakAma varmA : vargoM kA vibhAjana : 473 -0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0--0-0 athavA samprasAraNoM kI samasyA ho--pataMjali una saba kI vyAkhyA 'varNakadeza' kI paribhASA ke dvArA karate haiM. varNa meM 'ekadeza' kI svIkRti Aja ke 'allAphonsa' kI bAta ko adhika spaSTa karatI hai, 'uttarapadabhUyas' se bhI itanA hI patA calatA hai ki guNasvaroM yA vRddhisvaroM meM spaSmRta: 'uttarapada' aura 'pUrvapada' jaisI sthiti khojI jA sakatI hai. bhartRhari kI camatkArI dena-kintu, bhartRhari ne apane mahAn grantha 'vAkyapadIya' meM isa samasyA ko atyadhika vaijJAnika AdhAra para liyA hai. unhoMne vahA~ jo camatkArapUrNa paribhASAe~ dI haiM, ve haiM- 'varNabhAga' aura 'varNAntara sarUpa'. unakI ina paribhASAoM ko kevala kAlpanika kahakara TAlA nahIM jA sakatA. inake pratirUpa hI ve pada-sambandhI samAnAntara paribhASAe~ bhI dete haiM. ye haiM--'padabhAga' aura 'padAntarasarUpa'. varNAntarasarUpAzca varNabhAgA avasthitAH / padAntarasarUpAzca varNabhAgA avasthitAH ||-vaa0 2.11. 'varNabhAga' kI bAta ko to ve kAphI vistAra se uThAte haiM. eka sthAna para ve spaSTa kahate haiM : padAni vAkye tAnyeva, varNAste ca pade yadi / varNeSu varNabhAgAnAM bhedaH syAt paramANuvat ||-vaa0 2. 28. bhAgAnAmanupazleSAnnavarNoM na padaM bhavet / teSAmavyapadezyatvAtkimanyadapadizyatAm ||-vaa. 2. 26. 'varNa' banane ke liye spaSTa hI varNabhAgoM ke upazleSa kI AvazyakatA hai. unake upazeleSa ke vinA varNa kI sthiti hI sambhava nahIM. isa dhAraNA kA virodha karane vAle kadAcit bhartRhari ke nimna zloka ko uddhRta kareMge : 'pade na varNA vidyante varNeSvavayavA na ca / vAkyAtpadAnAmatyantaM praviveko na kazcana ||-vaa0 1. 73. yahAM varNAvayavoM kI sattA kA pratyakSa niSedha-sA dikhAI detA hai. parantu yahI niSedha 'pado' para lAgU hotA hai. arthAt bhartRhari spaSTa ghoSita karate haiM ki jisa prakAra kI sthiti vAkya meM padoM kI hai, usI prakAra kI sthiti pado meM vargoM kI, aura vargoM meM varNabhAgoM yA varNAvayavoM kI hai. vastutaH ve uparokta sabhI prasaMgoM meM artha aura vAkyArtha kI akhaNDatA kI carcA kara rahe haiM unakA kathana yaha hai ki yadi vAkya kA vibhAga padoM meM sambhava hai, to padoM ko vargoM meM vibhakta mAnanA hogA aura varNoM ko una varNabhAgoM se banA mAnanA hogA, jo paramANuvat ananta aura sUkSma haiM. unakA vAkyArtha avibhAjya hai. ataH ve padArthoM kI pRthak sattA meM vizvAsa nahIM rakhate. parantu, isakA artha yaha nahIM ki 'suptir3antaM padam' kI pANani kI paribhASA vyartha ho jAtI hai aura padoM kI sattA hI vAkya meM siddha nahIM hotI. yadi padoM kI sthiti vAkya meM hone para bhI usakI ekatA aura ekArthatA rakSita raha sakatI hai, taba varNabhAgoM kI sthiti rahane para bhI varNa kI ekatA kAyama raha sakatI hai.' aura yadi AvazyakatA A par3e to : vAkyArthasya tadeko'pi varNaH pratyAyaMkaH kvacit / vA0 2. 45. donoM meM bheda-varNAntarasarUpa' aura 'varNabhAga' saMjJAoM ko hamane pRthak mAnA hai. bhartRhari ne bhI inakA pRthak ullekha kiyA. 'varNabhAga' ko vartamAna 'allAphonsa' kA samakakSa svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai, jaba ki 'varNAntarasarUpa' kI usase kucha sthUla sthiti hai. isameM kucha varNabhAga milakara 'savarNabhAga' kI-sI sthiti meM Ate haiM. isa 'varNAntarasarUpakatA' ke AdhAra para hI savarNoM kA AvirbhAva sambhava mAnA jAtA hai, jaba ki varNabhAga kisI bhI varNa kI zUkSmatama vibhAjya sthiti ko hI sUcita karatA hai. yahIM bhartRhari yaha bhI spaSTa karate haiM ki inheM spaSmRtaH pahacAnA nahIM jA sakatA'praviveko na kazcana'. bhASA vijJAna-Aja ke bhASA-vijJAnI bhI isa sthiti ko svIkAra karane lage haiM. vividha yantroM ke sahAre unhoMne dhvanitaraMgoM aura dhvanibhAgoM ko nizcita karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai, para isa viSaya meM kucha nizcita vibhAjaka rekhAe~ nahIM khIMca sake haiM. 'allAphonsa' viSayaka unakI dena kI carcA ho cukI hai. pro. josuTAvhATamAU, poTara sAimana aura dUsare kucha amarIkI bhASAvidoM ne 'sAuNDa-veva' arthAt 'dhvani-taraMgoM' ko bhI pahacAnane kA prayAsa kiyA hai. para adhika acchA ho ki ve ina paribhASAoM ko vicAra meM rakhakara bar3heM. 1. vistRta carcA ke liye dekheM lekhaka ke zodha-prabaMdha-bhASAtatva aura vAkyapadIya' ke pR0 17, tathA anuccheda 24 (a) evaM 710.