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________________ vAdAvacAra praznottara rUpa se aura khaNDana-maNDana rUpa se parcA do prakAra kI hai / khaNDana-maNDana rUpa carcA-artha meM sambhASA, kathA, vAda, zrAdi zabdoM kA prayoga dekhA jAtA hai| sambhASA zabda caraka Adi vaidyakIya granthoM meM prasiddha hai, jaba ki kathA zabda nyAya paramparA meM prasiddha hai / vaidyaka paramparA meM sammASA ke sandhAyasambhASA aura vigRhyasambhASA aise do bheda kie haiN| carakasaM0 pR0 263 ): jaba ki nyAya paramparA ne kathA ke vAda, jalpa, vitaNDA ye tIna bheda kie haiM (nyAyavA0 pR0 146) / vaidyaka paramparA kI sandhAyasambhASA hI nyAya paramparA kI vAda kathA hai / kyoMki vaidyaka paramparA meM sandhAyasambhASA ke jo aura jaise adhikArI batAe gae haiM (carakasaM0 pR0 263 ) ve aura vaise hI adhikArI vAda kathA ke nyAya paramparA ( nyAyasU0 4. 2. 48) meM mAne gae haiN| sandhAyasambhASA aura vAda kathA kA prayojana bhI donoM paramparAoM meM eka hI tattvanirNaya hai / vaidyaka paramparA jisa carcA ko vigRhyasambhASA kahatI hai usI ko nyAya paramparA jalpa aura vitaNDa kathA kahatI hai| caraka ne vigRhyasambhASA aisA sAmAnya nAma rakhakara phira usI ke jalpa aura vitaNDA ye do bheda batAe haiM(pR0 265) / nyAya paramparA meM ina do bhedoM ke vAste 'vigRhyasambhASA' zabda prasiddha nahIM hai, para usameM ukta donoM meda vijigISukathA zabda se vyavahata hote haiM (nyAyavA* pR0 146 ) / ataeva vaidyaka paramparA kA 'vigRhya sambhASA' aura nyAya paramparA kA 'vijigISukathA' ye do zabda bilakula samAnArthaka hai| nyAya paramparA meM yadyapi vigRhyasambhASA isa zabda kA khAsa vyavahAra nahIM hai, tathApi usakA pratibimbaprAya 'vigRhyakathana' zabda mUla nyAyasUtra (4. 2. 51 ) meM hI prayukta hai| isa zAbdika aura Arthika saMkSipta tulanA se isa bAta meM koI sandeha nahIM rahatA ki mUla meM nyAya aura vaidyaka donoM paramparAe~ eka hI vicAra ke do bhinna pravAha mAtra haiN| bauddha paramparA meM khAsa taura se kathA artha meM vAda zabda ke prayoga kI pradhAnatA rahI hai / kathA ke vAda, jalpa Adi avAntara bhedoM ke vAste usa paramparA meM prAyaH sad-dharmavAda, vivAda Adi zabda prayukta kiye gae haiN| jaina paramparA meM kathA artha meM kvacit ' jalpa zabda kA prayoga hai para sAmAnya 1 kiM tat jalpaM viduH 1 ityAha-samarthavacanam' |-siddhivi0 TI0 pR0 254 BI
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________________ 222 rUpa se sarvatra usa artha meM vAda zabda kA hI prayoga dekhA jAtA hai| jana paramparA kathA ke jalpa aura vitaNDA do prakAroM ko prayogayogya nahIM mAnatI / zrataeva usake mata se vAda zabda kA vahIM artha hai jo vaidyaka paramparA meM sandhAya sambhASA zabda kA aura nyAya paramparA meM vAdakathA kA hai| bauddha tArkikoM ne bhI Age jAkara jalpa aura vitaNDA kathA ko tyAjya batalAkara kevala vAdakathA ko hI kartavya rUpa kahA hai / zrataeva isa pichalI bauddha mAnyatA aura jaina paramparA ke bIca vAda zabda ke artha meM koI antara nahIM rahatA / vaidyakIya sandhAya sambhASA ke adhikArI ko batalAte hue caraka ne mahattva kA eka anasUyaka vizeSaNA diyA hai, jisakA artha hai ki vaha adhikArI asUyA - doSamukta ho / akSapAda ne bhI vAdakathA ke adhikAriyoM ke varNana meM 'anusUyi' vizeSaNa diyA hai / isase siddha hai ki caraka aura akSapAda donoM ke mata se vAdakathA ke adhikAriyoM meM koI antara nahIM / isI bhAva ko pichale naiyAyikoM ne vAda kA lakSaNa karate hue eka hI zabda meM vyakta kara diyA hai ki-tattva kathA vAda hai ( kezava0 tarkabhASA pR0 126 ) / caraka ke kathanAnusAra vigRhyasambhASA ke adhikArI jaya-parAjayecchu aura chattabalasampanna siddha hote haiM, nyAyaparamparA ke anusAra jalpavitaNDA ke vaise hI adhikArI mAne jAte haiM / isI bhAva ko naiyAyika 'vijigISukathA - alpa-vitaNDA' isa lakSaNavAkya se vyakta karate haiM / bAda ke adhikArI tattvabubhutsu kisa-kisa guNa se yukta hone cAhie aura ve kisa taraha apanA vAda calAe~ isakA bahuta hI manohara va samAna varNana caraka tathA nyAyabhASya Adi meM hai / nyAya paramparA meM jalpavitaNDA kathA karanevAle ko vijigISu mAnA hai jaisA ki caraka ne; para vaisI kathA karate samaya vaha vijigISu prativAdI aura apane bIca kina-kina guNa-doSoM kI tulanA kare, apane zreSTha, kaniSTha yA barAbarI - vAle prativAdI se kisa-kisa prakAra kI sabhA aura kaise sabhyoM ke bIca kisa-kisa prakAra kA bartAva kare, prativAdI se ATopa ke sAtha kaise bole, kabhI kaisA jhir3ake ityAdi bAtoM kA jaisA vistRta va A~khoM dekhA varNana caraka ( pR0 264 ) ne kiyA hai vaisA nyAya paramparA ke granthoM meM nahIM hai / caraka ke isa varNana se kucha milatA-julatA varNana jainAcArya siddhasena ne apanI eka vAdopaniSadvAtriMzikA meM kiyA hai, jise caraka ke varNana ke sAtha par3hanA cAhie / bauddha paramparA jaba taka nyAya paramparA kI taraha jalpakathA ko bhI mAnatI rahI taba taka usake anusAra bhI bAda ke adhikArI tattvabubhutsu aura jalpAdi ke adhikArI vijigISu hI phalita hote haiM, jaisA ki nyAyaparamparA meM usa prAcIna samaya kA
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________________ 223 bauddha vijigISu, naiyAyika vijigISu se bhinna prakAra kA sambhava nahIM, para jaba se bauddha paramparA meM chala Adi ke prayoga kA niSedha hone ke kAraNa jalpakathA nAmazeSa ho gaI aura vAdakathA hI avaziSTa rahI taba se usameM adhikAridvavidhya kA prazna hI nahIM rahA, jaisA ki jaina paramparA meN| jaina paramparA ke anusAra caturaGgavAda ke adhikArI vijigISu haiN| para nyAya vaidyaka-paramparAsammata vijagISu aura jainaparamparAsammata vijigISu ke artha meM bar3A antara hai| kyoMki nyAya-vaidyaka paramparA ke anusAra vijigISu vahI hai jo nyAya se yA anyAya se, chala zrAdi kA prayoga karake bhI prativAdI ko parAsta karanA cAhe, jaba ki jainaparamparA vijigISu usI ko mAnatI hai jo apane pakSa kI siddhi karanA cAhe, para nyAya se; anyAya se chalAdi kA prayoga karake kamI nhiiN| isa dRSTi se jainaparamparAsammata vijigISu asUyAvAn hokara bhI nyAyamArga se hI apanA pakSa siddha karane kA icchuka hone se karIba-karIba nyAya-paramparAsammata tattvabubhutsu kI koTi kA ho jAtA hai / jaina paramparA ne vijaya kA artha-apane pakSa kI nyAyya siddhi hI kiyA hai, nyAya-vaidyaka paramparA kI taraha, kisI bhI taraha se prativAdI ko mUka karanA nahIM / ___ jaina paramparA ke prAthamika tArkiko 1 ne, jo vijigISu nahIM haiM aise vItarAga vyaktiyoM kA bhI vAda mAnA hai / para vaha vAda caturaGga nahIM hai| kyoMki usake adhikArI bhale hI pakSa-pratipakSa lekara pravRtta hoM para ve asUyAmukta hone ke kAraNa kisI sabhApati yA sabhyoM ke zAsana kI apekSA nahIM rkhte| ve Apasa meM hI tattvabodha kA vinimaya yA svIkAra kara lete haiN| jaina paramparA ke vijigISu meM aura usake pUrvokta tattyanirNinISu meM antara itanA hI hai ki vijigISu nyAyamArgase calanevAle hone para bhI aise asUyAmukta nahIM hote jisase ve binA kisI ke zAsana ke kisI bAta ko svataH mAna leM jaba ki tattvanirNinISu nyAyamArga se calanevAle hone ke alAvA tattvanirNaya ke svIkAra meM anya ke zAsana se nirapekSa hote haiM / isa prakAra caturaGgavAda ke vAdI prativAdI donoM vijigISu hone kI pUrva prathA rahI, isameM vAdi devasUri ne (pramANana0 8. 12-14) 1 'praadhigmsttraanudbhvdraaggocrH| jigISugocarazceti dvidhA zuddhadhiyo viduH / / satyavAgbhiH vidhAtavyaH prathamastattvavedibhiH / yathAkathaJcidityeSa caturaGgo na sammataH ||-tttvaarthshlo0 pR0277 / 2 'vAdaH so'yaM jigiisstoH|-nyaayvi0 2. 212 / 'samarthavacanaM vAdaH prakRtArthapratyAyanaparaM sAkSisamakSa jigISatorekatra sAdhanadUSaNa vacanaM vaadH|
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________________ thor3A vicArabheda prakaTa kiyA ki, ekamAtra vijigISu vAdI yA prativAdI ke hone para bhI caturata kathA kA sambhava hai| unhoMne yaha vicAra bheda sambhavataH akalaGka yA vidyAnanda Adi pUrvavartI tArkikoM ke sAmane rakhA hai| isa viSaya meM prAcArya hemacandra kA mAnanA akalaGka aura vidyAnanda ke anusAra hI jAna par3atA hai-pra0 mI0 pR0 63 / brAhmaNa bauddha, aura jaina sabhI paramparAoM ke anusAra kathA kA mukhya prayojana tattvajJAna kI prApti yA prApta tattvajJAna kI rakSA hI hai| sAdhya meM kisI kA matabheda na hone para bhI usakI sAdhanapraNAlI meM antara avazya hai, jo pahile bhI batAyA jA cukA hai| saMkSepa meM vaha antara itanA hI hai ki jaina aura uttaravartI bauddha tArkika chala, jAti Adi ke prayoga ko kabhI upAdeya nahIM maante| vAdI, prativAdI, sabhya aura sabhApati ina cAroM zraGgoM ke varNana meM tInoM paramparAoM meM koI matabheda nahIM hai| prAcArya hemacandra ne jo cAroM zraGgoM ke svarUpa kA saMkSipta nidarzana kiyA hai vaha pUrvavartI granthoM kA sAra mAtra hai / jaina paramparA ne jaba chalAdi ke prayoga kA niSedha hI kiyA taba usake anusAra jalpa yA vitaNDA nAmaka kathA vAda se bhinna koI na rahI / isa tattva ko jaina tArkikoM ne vistRta carcA ke dvArA siddha kiyA / isa viSaya kA sabase purAnA grantha zAyada kathAtrayabhaGga ho, jisakA nirdeza siddhivinizcayaTIkA (pR0 289 A) meM hai| unhoMne anta meM apanA mantavya sthira kiyA ki-jalpa aura vitaNDA nAmaka koI vAda se bhinna kathA hI nahIM, vaha to kathAbhAsa mAtra hai| isI mantavya ke anusAra prAcArya hemacandra ne bhI apanI carcA meM batalAyA ki vAda se bhinna koI jalpa nAmaka kathAntara nahIM, jo grAhya ho / I. 1636] [pramANa mImAMsA pramANasaM0 pari0 6 / 'siddho jigISato vAdaH caturaGgastathA sati |'-tttvaarthshlo pR0 277 / 1 dekho-carakasaM0 pR. 264 / nyAyapra0 pR0 14 / tattvArthazlo0 pU0 280 /