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________________ vAdirAjasari ke jIvanavRtta kA punarIkSaNa ___ DA0 jayakumAra jaina saMskRta sAhitya ke vizAla bhaNDAra ke anuzIlana se patA calatA hai ki bhAratavarSa meM surabhAratI ke sevaka vAdirAja nAma vAle aneka vidvAn hue haiM / inameM pArzvanAthacaritayazodharacaritAdi ke praNetA vAdirAjasUri suprasiddha haiM, jo nyAyavinizcaya para vivaraNa nAmnI TIkA ke bhI racayitA haiN| prastuta nibandha meM inhIM vAdirAja ko viSaya banAyA gayA hai| unakI sampUrNa kRtiyoM kA bhale hI vidhivat adhyayana na ho pAyA ho, parantu unake sarasa ekIbhAvastotra se dhArmika samAja, nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa se tArkika samAja aura pArzvanAthacarita-yazodharacaritAdi se sAhityajJa samAja sarvathA suparicita hai| jahA~ eka ora unheM mahAn kaviyoM meM sthAna prApta hai, vahA~ dUsarI ora zreSTha tArkikoM kI paMkti meM bhI uttama sthAna pAne vAle haiN| vAdirAjasUri drAvir3a saMghIya aruMgala zAkhA ke AcArya the|' drAvir3a saMgha kA aneka prAcIna zilAlekhoM meM dravir3a, dramir3a, draviNa, draviDa, dramila, davila, daravila Adi nAmoM se ullekha pAyA jAtA hai| ye nAmagata bheda kahIM lekhakoM ke pramAdajanya haiM to kahIM bhASAvaijJAnika vikaasjny| prAcInakAla meM cera, cola aura pANDya ina tIna dezoM ke nivAsiyoM ko drAvir3a kahA jAtA thaa| kerala ke prasiddha AcArya mahAkavi ullUra esa0 paramezvara ayyara dAviDa zabda kA vikAsa miThAsa yA viziSTatA artha ke vAcaka tamiSa zabda se nimnalikhita kramAnusAra mAnate haiM--tamiSa> tamila > damila > dramila> dramir3a> dravir3a > drAvir3a / mahAkavi vAdirAja ne kisa janmabhUmi evaM kisa kula ko alaMkRta kiyA--isa sambandha meM koI bhI Antarika yA bAhya pramANa upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| yataH vAdirAjasUri drAvir3a saMghIya the, ataH unake dAkSiNAtya hone kI saMbhAvanA kI jAtI hai| dravir3a deza ko vartamAna Andhra aura tamilanADu kA kucha bhAga mAnA jA sakatA hai| janmabhUmi, mAtA-pitA Adi ke viSaya meM pramANa upalabdha na hone para bhI unakI kRtiyoM ke antya prazastipadyoM se jJAta hotA hai ki vAdirAjasUri ke guru kA nAma zrI matisAgara aura guru ke guru kA nAma zrIpAladeva thaa| 1. zrImadraviDasaMghe'smin nandisaMghe'styaruMgala: / anvayo bhAti yo'zeSazAstravArAsipAragaiH / / ekatra guNinassarve vAdirAja tvamekataH / tasyaiva gauravaM tasya tulAyAmunnatiH katham / / --jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga-2, lekhAMka 288 2. draSTavya-vahI bhAga 3 kI DA0 caudharI dvArA likhita prastAvanA, pR0 33 3. draSTavya-zrI gaNeza prasAda jaina dvArA likhita "dakSiNa bhArata meM jaina dharma aura saMskRti" lekha 'zramaNa' varSa 21, aMka 1, navambara 1969, pR0 18 4. pArzvanAthacarita, prazastipadya 1-4
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________________ DA0 jayakumAra jaina yazastilakacampU ke saMskRta TIkAkAra zrutasAgarabhUri ne vAdirAja aura vAdIbhasiMha ko somadevAcArya kA ziSya batalAte hue likhA hai- "sa vAdirAjo'pi zrI somadevAcAryasya ziSyaH / " "vAdIbhasiMho'pi madIyaziSyaH, vAdirAjo'pi madIya ziSyaH" ityuktatvAt / ' isake pUrva zrutasAgarasUri ne "ukta N ca vAdirAjena" kahakara eka padya uddhRta kiyA hai, jo isa prakAra hai- 208 karmaNA kavalito so'jA tatpurAntara janAMgamavATe / karma kodravarasena hi mattaH kiM kimetyazubhadhAma na jIvaH // 2 yaha zloka vAdirAjasUrikRta kisI bhI grantha meM nahIM milatA hai aura na hI anya graMthoM hI / somadevasUri ke nAma se ullikhita "vAdIbhasiMho'pi madIyaziSyaH vAdirAjo'pi madIyaziSyaH " vAkya kA ullekha bhI unakI kisI bhI racanA ( yaza0, nItivA0, adhyAtmataraMgiNI ) meM nahIM hai / ataH vAdirAja kA somadevAcArya kA ziSyatva sarvathA asaMgata hai / yazastilakacampU kA racanAkAla caitrazuklA trayodazI zaka saM 881 ( 959 I0 ) hai jabaki bAdirAja ke pArzvanAthacarita kA praNayanakAla zaka saM0 947 ( 1025 I0 ) hai / isa prakAra donoM granthoM ke racanAkAla kA 66 varSoM kA antara bhI donoM ke guru-ziSyatva meM bAdhaka hai / zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa kI TIkA "rUpasiddhi" ke racayitA dayApAla muni vAdirAja ke satIrtha ( sahAdhyAyI yA sadharmA ) the / malliSeNaprazasti meM vAdirAja ke satIrthoM meM puSpasena aura zrIvijaya kA bhI nAma AyA hai / " kintu ina donoM kA koI grantha upalabdha nahIM hai / hummaca ke ina zilAlekhoM meM drAvir3asaMgha kI paramparA isa prakAra dI gaI hai- maunideva dayApAla vimalacandra bhaTTAraka kanakasena vAdirAja ( hemasena ) puSpasena guNasena vAdirAja 1 zreyAMsadeva kamalabhadra ajitasena (vAdIbhasiMha) kumArasena 1. yazastilakacampU (sampA0 - sundaralAla zAstrI) kSutasAgarI TIkA, dvitIya AzvAsa, pR0 265 2. vahI, pR0 265 3. zakanRpakAlAtIta saMvatsarazateSvaSTasve kAzItyadhikeSu gateSu aMkataH siddhArthasaMvatsarAntargata caitra mAsa madanatrayodazyAm ..... 1 - yazastilakacampU, pR0 48 / 4. pArzvanAthacarita, prazastipadya 5 5. draSTavya - jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 2, lekhAMka 213-216 6. vahI bhAga 3 kI DA0 gulAbacandra caudharI dvArA likhita prastAvanA pR0 38 se uddhRta zrIvijaya
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________________ vAdirAjasUri ke jIvanavRtta kA punarIkSaNa 209 yahA~ vAdirAja ke guru kA nAma kanakasena vAdirAja ( hemasena ) kahA hai aura anyatra matisAgara nirdiSTa hai| isakA samAdhAna yahI ho sakatA hai ki kadAcit matisAgara vAdirAja ke dIkSAguru the aura kanakasena vAdirAja ( hemasena ) vidyaaguru| zrI nAthUrAma premI kA bhI yahI mantavya hai|' sAdhvI saMghamitrA jI ne vAdirAja ke satIrtha kA nAma aneka bAra dayAlapAla likhA hai| jo saMbhavataH mudraNa doSa hai kyoMki unake dvArA pradatta sandarbha malliSeNaprazasti meM bhI dayApAlamuni hI AyA hai / . vAdirAja kavi kA mUla nAma thA yA upAdhi--isa viSaya meM paryApta vaimatya hai| zrI nAthUrAma premI kI mAnyatA hai ki unakA mUla nAma kucha aura hI rahA hogA, vAdirAja to unakI upAdhi hai aura kAlAntara meM ve isI nAma se prasiddha ho gye| TI0 e0 gopInAtha rAva ne vAdirAja kA vAstavika nAma kanakasena vAdirAja mAnA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha ho sakatA hai ki kItha, vinTaranitja Adi kucha pAzcAtya itihAsajJoM ne kanakasena vAdirAja kRta 96 padyAtmaka evaM 4 sargAtmaka yazodharacarita nAmaka kAvya kA ullekha kiyA hai| kinta yaha bhrAmaka hai| vibhinna zilAlekhoM meM kanakasena vAdirAja aura vAdirAja kA pRthak-pRthak ullekha huA hai| eka anya zilAlekha meM jagadekamalla vAdirAja kA nAma vardhamAna kahA gayA hai|' vAdirAjasUri dvArA viracita ekIbhAvastotra ( kalyANakalpadruma) para nAgendrasUri dvArA viracita eka TIkA upalabdha hotI hai / TIkAkAra ke prArambhika pratijJA vAkya meM spaSTa rUpa se vAdirAja kA dUsarA nAma vardhamAna kahA gayA hai zrImadvAdirAjAparanAmavardhamAnamunIzvaraviracitasya paramAptastavasyAtigahanagaMbhIrasya sukhAvabodhArthaM bhavyAsu jighRkSApAratantra nibhUSaNabhaTTArakairUparuddho nAgacandrasUriyathAzakti chAyAmAtramidaM nibndhnmbhidhtte|"8 kintu yaha TIkA atyanta arvAcIna hai| TIkA kI eka prati jhAlarApaTana ke sarasvatI bhavana meM hai| yaha prati vi0 saM0 1676 (1619 I0 ) meM phAlgUna zuklA aSTamI ko maNDalAcArya yazaHkIrti ke ziSya brahmadAsa ne vairATha nagara meM Atma paThanArtha likhI thii|' 1. draSTavya-zrI nAtha rAma premI dvArA likhita 'vAdirAja sUri' lekha / jaina hitaiSI bhAga 8 aMka 11 pR0 515 2. jaina dharma ke prabhAvaka AcArya ( dvitIya saMskaraNa ) vAdigajapaMcAnana AcArya vAdirAja ( dvitIya ), pR0 570 3. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 478 4. iMTroDakzana TU yazodharacarita pR0 5 / 5. saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa (kItha, anu0-maMgaladeva zAstrI) pR0 117 evaM jainijma ina dI hisTrI oNpha saMskRta liTarecara-ema0 vinTaranitja pR0 16 6. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 1 lekhAMka 493 7. vahI, bhAga 3 lekhAMka 347 8. draSTavya-sarasvatI bhavana, jhAlarApATana kI hastaprati kA prArambhika pratijJAvAkya 9. vahI antyaprazasti
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________________ 210 DA. jayakumAra jaina yataH vAdirAja ne pArzvanAthacarita kI prazasti' tathA yazodharacarita ke prArambha meM apanA nAma vAdirAja hI kahA hai, ataH jaba taka anya koI prabala pramANa nahIM milatA hai, taba taka hameM vAdirAja hI vAstavika nAma svIkAra karanA caahie| vAdirAjasUri ke samaya dakSiNa bhArata meM cAlukya nareza jayasiMha kA zAsana thaa| inake rAjyakAla kI sImAyeM 1016-1042 I0 mAnI jAtI haiN| mahAkavi vilhaNa ne cAlakya vaMza kI utpatti daityoM ke nAza ke lie brahmA kI calakA ( calla ) se batAI hai| unhoMne cAlakya vaMza kI paramparA kA prArambha hArIta se karate hue unakI vaMzAvalI kA nirdeza isa prakAra kiyA hai-mAnavya> tailapa> satyAzraya> jayasiMhadeva / jayasiMhadeva ke uttarAdhikArI Ahavamalla dvArA apanI rAjadhAnI kalyANanagara basAkara use banAne kA ullekha vikramAMkadevacarita meM kiyA gayA hai| jisase spaSTa hotA hai ki unake pUrva zAsaka kI rAjadhAnI anyatra thii| pArzvanAthacarita kI prazasti meM mahArAja jayasiMha kI rAjadhAnI "kaTTagAtIrabhUmau" kahA gayA hai| kintu dakSiNa meM kaTTagA nAmaka koI nadI nahIM hai / hA~, bAdAmI se lagabhaga 18-19 kimI0 dUra eka kaTTagerI nAmaka sthAna jarUra hai jo koI prAcIna nagara jAna par3atA hai| aisA lagatA hai ki pramAdavaza "kaTTagerItibhUmau" ke sthAna para hastalikhita prati meM "kaTTagAtIrabhUmau" likhA gayA hai| kaTTagerI nAmaka ukta sthAna para cAlukya vikramAditya (dvitIya) kA eka kannar3I zilAlekha bhI milA hai, jisase spaSTa hai ki cAlukya rAjAoM kA kaTTagerI sthAna se sambandha rahA hai| yahI kaTTagerI jayasiMhadeva kI rAjadhAnI honI caahie| pArzvanAthacarita ke atirikta nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa evaM yazodharacarita kI racanA bhI jayasiMha kI rAjadhAnI meM hI sampanna huI thii| nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa' meM to isakA ullekha kiyA hI gayA hai, yazodharacarita meM bhI jayasiMha pada kA prayoga karake bar3e kauzala ke sAtha isakI sUcanA dI gaI hai| yathA "vyAtanvajayasiMhatAM raNamukhe dIrgha dadhau dhAriNIm / " __ "raNamukhajayasiMho rAjyalakSmI babhAra / " 1. pArzvanAthacarita prazastipadya 4 (vAdirAjena kathA nibaddhA) 2. yazodharacarita 1/6 (tana zrIvAdirAjena) 3. draSTavya-kalyANI ke pazcimI cAlukya vaMza kI vaMzAvalI----phAdara harAza evaM zrI gujara, vikramAMka devacarita bhAga 2 (hinda vi0 vi0 prakAzana ) pariziSTa tathA jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 3 kI DA0 caudharI dvArA likhita prastAvanA, pR0 88 4. vikramAMkadevacarita 158-79 5. vahI 2/1 6. pArzvanAthacarita prazastipadya 5 nyAyavinizcaya vivaraNa prazastipadya 5 8. yazodharacarita 3/83 evaM 4/73
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________________ vAdirAjasUri ke jIvanavRtta kA punarIkSaNa 211 kisI bhI Antarika yA bAhya pramANa dvArA vAdirAja kA janma-kAla jJAta nahIM ho sakA hai| parantu yataH unhoMne pArzvanAthacarita kI racanA zaka saM0 947 kArtika zuklA tRtIyA ko kI thI', ataH unakA janma samaya 30-40 varSa pUrva mAnakara 985-995 I0 ke lagabhaga mAnA jA sakatA hai| paMcavasti ke 1147 I0 meM utkIrNa zilAlekha meM vAdirAja ko gaMgavaMzIya la (catartha ) satyavAka kA garu batAyA gayA hai| yaha rAjA 97 I0 meM gadadI para baiThA thaa| samarakezarI cAmuNDarAya isakA mantrI thA / ataH vAdirAja kA samaya isase pUrva ThaharatA hai| ina AdhAroM para vAdirAja kA samaya 950-1050 I0 ke madhyavartI mAnane meM koI asaMgati pratIta nahIM hotI hai| ___AcArya baladeva upAdhyAya ne pArzvanAthacarita kA praNayana siMhacakrezvara cAlukyacakravartI jayasiMhadeva kI rAjadhAnI meM zaka saM0 964 meM kiyA hai| unakA yaha kathana pArzvanAthacarita ke naga= sAta vAdhi - cAra aura randhra = nava kI viparIta gaNanA ( aMkAnAM vAmA gatiH) 747 zaka sa0 viruddha, ataeva asagata hai| eka aura bicitra bAta dekhane meM AI hai ki DA0 hIrAlAla jaina jaise saprasiddha vidvAn ne bhI vAdirAja ko kahIM dasavIM, kahIM gyArahavIM aura kahIM-kahIM terahavIM zatAbdI taka pahuMcA diyA hai| DA0 jaina ne yazodharacarita kA ullekha karate hue 10vIM zatAbdI , ekIbhAvastotra ke prasaga meM 11vIM zatAbdI pAzrvanAthacarita ke sambandha meM bhI 11vIM zatAbdI, tathA nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa TIkA ke ullekha meM 13vIM zatAbdI' kA samaya vAdirAja ke sAtha likhA hai| spaSTa hai ki vAdirAjasUri kA 13vIM zatI meM likhA jAnA yA to mudraNagata doSa hai athavA DA0 jaina ne kAla-nirdhAraNa meM pArzvanAthacarita kI prazasti kA upayoga nahIM kiyA hai tathA pUrvAparatA kA dhyAna rakhe binA eka hI vyakti ko 10 vIM se 13 vIM zatAbdI taka sthApita karane kA vicitra prayAsa kiyA hai| aneka zilAlekhoM tathA anyatra vAdirAjasUri kI atIva prazaMsA kI gaI hai| malliSeNaprazasti meM aneka padya inakI prazaMsA meM likhe gaye haiN| yaha prazasti 1050 zaka sa0 (1128 I0) meM utkIrNa kI gaI thI jo pArzvanAthavasti ke prastarastambha para aMkita hai| yahA~ vAdirAja ko mahAn kavi, vAdI aura vijetA ke rUpa meM smaraNa kiyA gayA hai| eka sthAna para to unheM jinarAja ke samAna taka kaha diyA gayA hai| isa prazasti ke "siMhasamaya'pIThavibhavaH" 1. zAkAbde nagavAdhirandhagaNane ... ... ... / pArzvanAthacarita, prazastipadya 5 2. draSTavya-"ekIbhAvastotra" kI paramAnanda zAstrI dvArA likhita prastAvanA pR0 4 evaM nAthUrAma premI kA "vAdirAjasUri" lekha, jainahitaiSI bhAga 8 aMka 11 pR0 511 / / 3. saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, prathama bhAga, kAvya khaNDa, paMcama pariccheda 10 245 4. bhAratIya saMskRti ke vikAsa meM jainadharma kA yogadAna pu0 171 5. vahI, pR0 126 6. vahI, pR0 188 7. vahI, pR0 89 8. trailokyadIpikA vANI dvaabhyaamevodgaadih| jinarAjata ekasmAdekasmAd vAdirAjataH // -jainazilAlekha saMgraha bhAga-1, lekhAMka 54, malliSeNaprazasti, padya 40
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________________ 212 DA0 jayakumAra jaina vizeSaNa se jJAta hotA hai ki mahArAjA jayasiha dvArA unakA Asana pUjita thaa| itane kama samaya meM itanI adhika prazaMsA pAne kA saubhAgya kama hI kaviyoM athavA AcAryoM ko milA hai| ___ kAvya pakSa kI apekSA vAdirAjasUri kA tArkika ( nyAya ) pakSa adhika samRddha hai| AcArya baladeva upAdhyAya kI yaha ukti ki "vAdirAja apanI kAvya pratibhA ke lie jitane prasiddha haiM usase kahIM adhika tArkika vaiduSI ke lie vizruta haiM / '' sarvathA samIcIna jAna par3atI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki eka zilAlekha meM vAdirAja ko vibhinna dArzanikoM kA ekIbhUta pratinidhi kahA gayA hai "sadasi yadakalaMka kIrtane dharmakIrtiH vacasi surapurodhA nyAyavAde'kSapAdaH / iti samayaguruNAmekataH sagatAnAM pratinidhiriva devo rAjate vAdirAjaH // 2 anyatra vAdirAjasUri ko SaTtarkaSaNmukha, syAdvAdavidyApati, jagadekamallavAdI upAdhiyoM se vibhUSita kiyA gayA hai| ekIbhAvastotra ke anta meM eka padya prApta hotA hai jisameM vAdirAja ko samasta vaiyAkaraNoM, tAkikoM evaM sAhityikoM evaM bhavyasahAyoM meM agraNI batAyA gayA hai| yazodharacarita ke suprasiddha TIkAkAra lakSmaNa ne unheM medinItilaka kavi kahA hai| bhale hI ina prazaMsAparaka prazastiyoM aura anya ullekhoM meM atizayokti ho para isameM sandeha nahIM ki ve mahAn kavi aura tArkika the / vAdirAjasUri kI adyAvadhi pA~ca kRtiyA~ asaMdigdha haiM-(1) pArzvanAthacarita, (2) yazodharacarita, (3) ekIbhAvastotra, (4) nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa aura (5) pramANa nirNaya / prArambhika tIna sAhityika evaM antima do nyAya viSayaka haiN| ina pA~ca kRtiyoM ke atirikta zrI agaracandra nAhaTA ne unakI trailokyadIpikA aura adhyAtmASTaka nAmaka do kRtiyoM kA aura ullekha kiyA hai| inameM adhyAtmASTaka bhA0di0 jaina granthamAlA se vi0 1775 (1798 I0) meM prakAzita bhI huA thaa| zrI paramAnanda zAstrI ise vAgbhaTAlaMkAra ke TIkAkAra vAdirAja 1. saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, bhAga 1, paMcama pariccheda, pR0 245 2. jainazilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 2, lekhAMka 215 evaM vahI bhAga 3 lekhAMka 319 3. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 2, lekhAMka 213 evaM bhAga 3 lekhAMka 315 4. vAdirAjamanuzAbdikaloko vAdirAjamanutAkikasiMhAH / vAdirAjamanukAvyakRtaste vAdirAjamanubhavyasahAyA: / / ekIbhAga, antya padya 5. vAdirAjakaviM naumi medinItilakaM kavim / yadIya rasanAraMge vANI nartanamAtanIt // yazodharacarita, TIkAkAra kA maMgalAcaraNa 6. zrI agaracandra nAhaTA dvArA likhita "jaina sAhitya kA vikAsa" lekha / jaina siddhAnta bhAskara bhAga 16 kiraNa 1 jUna 49 pR0 28
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________________ vAdirAjasUri ke jIvanavRtta kA punarIkSaNa 213 kI kRti mAnate haiN| "trailokyadIpikA nAmaka kRti upalabdha nahIM hai| malliSeNa prazasti ke trailokyadIpikA vANI dvAbhyAmevodgAdiha / jinarAjata ekasmAdekasmAd vAdirAjataH // "2 meM kadAcit isI trailokyadIpikA kA saketa kiyA gayA hai| zrI nAthUrAma premI ne likhA hai ki seTha mANikacandra jI ke grantha rajisTara meM trailokyadIpikA nAmaka eka apUrNa grantha hai jisameM prArambha ke 10 aura anta meM 58 pRSTha ke Age ke panne nahIM haiN| sambhava hai yahI vAdirAjakRta trailokyadIpikA ho| vidvadratnamAlA meM prakAzita apane eka lekha meM premI jI ne eka sUcIpatra ke AdhAra para vAdirAjakRta cAra granthoM- vAdamaMjarI, dharmaratnAkara, rukmaNIyazovijaya aura akalaMkASTakaTIkA kA ullekha kiyA hai| kintu mAtra sa cIpatra ke AdhAra para kucha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra vAdirAjasUri ke paricaya, kIrtana evaM kRtiyoM ke avalokana se jJAta hotA hai ki ve bahumukhI pratibhAsampanna kavi evaM AcArya the| ve madhyayugIna saMskRtasAhitya ke agraNI pratibhU rahe haiM tathA unhoMne saMskRta ke bahuvidha bhANDAra ko navIna bhAgarAziyoM kA anupama upahAra diyA hai / unake vidhivata adhyayana se na kevala sAhitya apitu sampUrNa bhAratIya vAGmaya kA gaurava samRddhatara hogaa| pravaktA saMskRta vibhAga esa0DI0 snAtakottara kAleja mujaphpharanagara (yU0 pI0) 1. ekIbhAvastotra, prastAvanA, pR0 16 2. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 1, lekhAMka 54, prazastipadya 40 3. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 404 4. vidvadratnamAlA meM prakAzita hindI lekha kA pArzvanAthacarita ke prArambha meM saMskRta meM vAdirAjasari kA paricaya /