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________________ uttarAdhyayana, gItA aura dhammapada : eka tulanA le. udayacandra zAstrI zAstrAcArya cintanazIla vyaktiyoM ke vicAroM kA AdhAra deza-kAla kI paristhiti para nirbhara rahatA hai| bhAratIya cintakoM kI pRSThabhUmi AdhyAtmika rahI hai| yadyapi saMskRti aura sabhyatA kA samaya-samaya para harAsa huA hai, phira bhI sampUrNa bhAratIya paramparA meM satya kA aMza kisI na kisI rUpa meM maujUda rahA hai| vaidikakAla se lekara Adhunika yuga taka vahI dhArA, vahI vicAra tathA vahI draSTi dikhAI par3atI hai| vaidika vicAroM kA kathana karane vAlI gItA jana-mana ke vicAroM ko usa ora mor3a letI hai, jisa ora karmayogI zrIkRSNa kA upadeza hotA hai| uttarAdhyayana uttamottama prakaraNoM dvArA AtmA ko pavitra banAne ke sAtha-sAtha mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM kA rahasya prakaTa karatA hai| dhammapada eka aisA graMtha hai, jisameM naitika sadAcAra, du:khamaya saMsAra se chuTakArA pAne ke upAya batAye gaye hai tathA buddha ke dvArA pratipAdita cAra Aryasatya, AryASTAGgika mArga kA udbodhana bhalI-bhA~ti prApta ho jAtA hai| - bhAratIya saMskRti kI rUparekhA kA kathana anya bahuta se granthoM meM bhI hai, para prAkRta-sAhitya meM uttarAdhyayana kA kaI dRSTiyoM se adhika mahatva hai| isameM samasta tattvajJAna ko anekoM udAharaNoM dvArA prastuta kara diyA hai| bhadrabAhu svAmI dvArA kathita yaha gAthA vicAraNIya hai je kira bhavasiddhiyA, paritta saMsAriA ya bhaviA ya / te kira par3hati dhIrA, chattIsaM uttarajjhayaNe // arthAt jo bhavasiddhika jIva zIghra hI mukti pAne vAle haiM, jinakA saMsAra-bhramaNa bahuta thor3A raha gayA hai, aise bhavya AtmA hI chattIsa adhyayanoM vAle uttarAdhyayana ko bhAvapUrvaka par3hate haiN| gIta kA mahatva maharSi vedavyAsa ne mahAbhArata meM diyA hai gItA sagItA karttavyA kimanyaizAstravistaraiH arthAta zrI gItA ko bhalI prakAra par3hakara artha aura bhAva sahita anta:karaNa meM dhAraNa kara lenA mukhya kartavya hai| __dhammapada bauddhadharma ke siddhAntoM evaM sAdhanAmArga ko spaSTa karane vAlI kRti hai| isameM naitika dRSTi ko adhika mahatva diyA gayA hai| ye tInoM grantha kisI na kisI uddezya kA kathana karane vAle haiN| gItA yadi mahAbhArata kA aMza hai, to, 'dhammapada' khuddakanikAya kA eka aMza hai| isakI svatantra racanA nahIM hai| phira bhI sabhI kA apanA-apanA pratipAdya viSaya hai| uttarAdhyayana jJAna, karma ke sAtha tattvajJAna ko adhika mahatva detA hai| zrImad-bhagavadagItA jJAna, karma aura bhakti ko tathA 'dhammapada' kevala karma ko, vaha bhI satkarma ko| ina tInoM kA pRthaka-pRthaka mUlyAMkana karanA atyanta Avazyaka hai| samasta bhAratIya darzanoM kA ekamAtra uddezya du:kha se nivRtti aura paramapada kI prApti rahA hai| aura paramAtmapada AdhyAtmika sAdhanoM dvArA hI saMbhava hai| isalie bhAratIya ciMtakoM ne AdhyAtmikatA ko adhika mahatva diyA hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM vividha tatvajJAna kA sarala rUpa meM pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| kucha sthaloM para kathAnakoM dvArA vairAgya bhAva ko batalAyA gayA hai| jisakA adhyayana, manana-ciMtana evaM bhalI prakAra se zravaNakara AtmAnubhUti ko samajha sakatA hai| AtmA hI paramAtmarUpa hai| jabaki gItA 234 moha aura prema meM baDA pharka hai|
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________________ AtmA ko paramAtmarUpa svIkAra kara paramAtmA meM lIna hone ko kahatI hai| jo paramAtmA meM lIna ho jAtA hai, paramAtmasvarUpa ko prApta kara letA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM prathama vinayazruta meM AtmArthI ke lie (mukti ke sAdhaka ke lie) kartavyoM kI ora prerita kiyA gayA hai| __ ANANiddesakare guruNamuvavAyakArae / iMgiyAgArasaMpaNNe, se viNIe tti ca // gItA aura dhammapada bhI kartavyoM kA bodha karAte haiN| gItA kA prathama-dvitIya adhyAya bodha ko saMketa karate haiN| jisa samaya arjuna zokayukta ho jAtA hai taba use apanI AtmA kA bodha karAyA jAtA hai ki he arjuna! AtmA kA kabhI vadha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| isalie sampUrNa bhUtaprANiyoM ke lie tU zoka karane yogya nahIM hai aura apane dharma ko dekhakara bhI tU bhaya karane ke yogya nahIM hai, kyoMki dharmayukta yuddha se bar3hakara dUsarA koI kalyANakAraka kartavya kSatriya ke lie nahIM haiN| Age karmaphala kA niSedha kiyA hai| karma karane kA adhikAra pratyeka vyakti ko hai, phala kI icchA kA nhiiN| karmaphala Asakti kA kAraNa hotA hai| "kammasaMgehiM sammUDhA, dukkhiyA bhuveynnaa|"3 arthAt karmoM ke sambandha se mUr3ha prANI du:khI aura atyanta vedanA ko pAte haiN| dhammapada ke paNDitavarga meM vyakti ko kyA karanA cAhie, kyA nahIM? isakA ullekha bahuta hI mArmika rupa se prastuta kiyA hai| nidhInaM va pavattAraM yaM passe vacadassinaM / niggayhavAdi medhAviM tAdisaM paNDitaM bhaje // tAdisaM bhajamAnasya seyyo hoti na pApiyo / / 1 / / arthAt jo nidhiyoM ke batalAne ke samAna varjanIya bAtoM ko batalAne vAlA hai, jo nigRhyavAdI aura medhAvI hai-aise, isa prakAra ke buddhimAna kA sAtha karanA caahie| aise manuSya kA sAtha karane vAle ko puNya milatA hai, pApa nhiiN| tathA 'dhammapItI sukhaM seti vippasannena cetasA' arthAt dharma kA pAlana karanevAlA prasannacitta hokara sukha se sotA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM dharma ke Azraya rahane vAle ko sukhadAyaka aura mahAn nirvANa guNoM kI prApti hotI hai| "suhAvahaM dhammadhuraM aNuttaraM, dhAreja nivvANaguNAvahaM mhN|" 2066 / / aura karmoM meM Asakta jIva ke lie kahA hai ki jo ati Asakta hotA hai vaha jaMgala ke tAlAba ke ThaMDe pAnI meM par3e hue aura makara dvArA grase hue bhaiMse kI taraha akAla meM hI mRtyu pAtA hai|' du:kha aura du:kha ke kAraNa-sabhI jIva sukha cAhate haiM, tathA du:kha se Darate haiN| para duHkha se bacane kA upAya nahIM jaante| isalie janmajanmAMtara se isa saMsAra meM janma-maraNarupa du:kha ko bhoga rahe haiN| isakA mUla kAraNa ajJAna dazA hai| ajJAna ke kAraNa hI bhautika padArthoM kI ora sukha mAnakara daur3atA rahatA hai| isakI isa tRSNA kA kahIM aMta nhiiN| ajJAnI socatA hai ki "jaNeNa saddhiM hokkhAmi, iha bAle pgtthbhi|" arthAt jo dUsaroM kA hAla hogA vaha merA bhI hogA" isa prakAra socane vAle "luppaMti bahuso mUDhA, saMsArammi annNte|" anaMta saMsAra meM hI bhaTakate rahate haiN| unake da:khoM kA anta karane vAlI saMsAra kI koI bhI vastu aisI nahIM haiN| yadA ca pacati pApaM atha bAlo dukkhaM nigcchti| baalvgg-10|| arthAt jaba pApakarma kA paripAka hotA hai, taba vaha mUrkha manuSya du:kha ko prApta hotA hai| dhammapada meM eka udAharaNa hai ki "bUMda-bUMda girane se ghar3A bhara jAtA hai aura manuSya thor3A-thor3A bhI saMcaya karate hue pApa kA ghar3A bhara kAla kaba aTTAhAsa karegA aura kaba eka hI phuka meM saba kucha adRSya kara degA. isa satya kI kisI ko bhI alpa mAtra khabara nahIM hotii| 235
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________________ letA hai|6 taba vaha pAparUpa du:kha se kaise mukta ho sakegA? jaba taka bAhya vastuoM ke prati moha rahegA, taba taka du:kha rhegaa| gItA meM likhA hai ye hi saMsparzajA bhogA da:khayonaya eva te / 5 / 22 / / arthAta jo indriyoM aura viSayoM ke saMyoga se utpanna hone vAle haiM saba bhoga ye ni:saMdeha du:kha ke kAraNa haiN| buddhavagga meM duHkha ko cAra bhAgoM meM bA~Ta diyA hai(1) du:kha (2) duHkha kI utpatti (3) du:khanivRtti (4) du:khanivRtti ke upAya ye cAra Arya satya bhI kahe jAte haiN| du:kha-janma, jarA, maraNa, zoka-parideva, daurmanasya, (ronA-pITanA du:kha hai, pIr3ita honA du:kha hai), cintita honA du:kha hai, parezAna honA du:kha hai, icchA kI pUrti na honA du:kha hai, ye saba du:kha haiM aura saba du:khoM kA kAraNa tRSNA hai| isalie tRSNA ko jar3a se khodane kA upadeza diyA hai taM vo vadAmi bhadaM vo yAvantettha samAgatA / taNhAya mUlaM khaNatha usIrattho va vIraNaM / / gItA meM du:kha ke kAraNa ko eka paMkti meM kaha diyA "janmamRtyujarAvyAghiduHkhadoSAnudarzanam / " gItA-a.0 1328 uttarAdhyayana meM isI bhAva ko isa rupa meM vyakta kiyA hai ki janma du:kharupa hai, bur3hApA du:kharupa hai, roga aura mRtyu ye sabhI du:kharupa haiM Azcarya hai ki sArA saMsAra du:kharUpa hai| du:kha kA mUlabhUta kAraNa tRSNA hai|9|| STikoNoM se da:kha ke kAraNoM ko upasthita kara da:kha batalAyA. para da:kha se chaTane kA upAya kyA hai? isase pUrva du:kha-sukha kI vAstavikatA ko samajha lenA Avazyaka hogaa| "yadiSTaM tatsukhaM prAhuH dveSyaM du:khamiheSyate"- jo kucha hameM iSTa pratIta hotA hai, vahI sukha hai aura jisase hama dveSa karate haiM arthAt jo hameM rucikara nahIM, vaha du:kha hai| du:kha saMsAra kA kAraNa hai aura sukha AtmAnaMda kA kaarnn| AtmAnaMda se hI paramAtmA kI prApti hotI hai| jaba taka vyakti rAga-dveSa kI samApti nahIM kara detA, taba taka vaha sukha ko prApta nahIM kara pAtA hai| isalie rAga-dveSa kA nAza kreN|10 yahI sukha kA sAdhana hai| parantu jo manuSya dUsaroM ko du:kha dene se apane sukha kI icchA karatA hai, vaha vaira ke saMsarga meM par3A huA vaira se nahIM chuutttaa| aisA manuSya jo kartavya hai use chor3a detA hai, aura akartavya ko karane lagatA hai|11 "gItA rahasya meM tilaka ne sukha-dukha ke viSaya meM likhA hai "cAhe sukha ho yA du:kha, priya lage athavA apriya, parantu jo kArya jisa samaya jaise A paDe, use usI samaya mana ko nirAza na karate hue (kartavya ko na choDate hue) karate jaao|.... saMsAra meM aneka kartavya aise haiM, jinheM du:kha sahakara bhI karanA par3atA hai|12" "na prahRSyetpriyaM prApya nodvijetprApya caapriym|"5|20| sukha pAkara harSita nahIM honA cAhIe aura duHkha se khinna nahIM honA caahiie| kyoMki AtmA hI sukha-du:kha ko utpanna karane vAlI aura yahI du:kha ko kSaya kara anaMtasukha ko prApta karane vAlI hai| zreSTha AcAra vAlI AtmA mitra aura durAcAra vAlI AtmA zatru hai|13 (tumameva mittaM tumameva sattu) isIlie du:kha ke jo mUlabhUta kAraNa hai, unheM nAza kara denA hI sukha kA sAdhana hai| budhdhane pApavagga meM upadeza diyA hai ki "manuSya kalyANakArI kArya karane ke lie aise kAraNoM ko juTAye jisase sukha kI upalabdhi ho sake aura du:kharupa saMsAra se zIghra hI mukta ho sake 236 anazana mahAna tapa haiN| yaha tapa kevala anna jala ke tyAga meM hI samApta nahIM hotaa|
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________________ yaha duHkha saMsAra meM nAnA gatIyoM meM bhaTakatA rahatA hai|14 aise kArya karanA sarala hai jo bure haiM aura apane lie ahitakara hai| jo hitakArI aura acche haiM, unameM hamArI buddhi hI nahIM jaatii| kyoMki unakA karanA atyanta kaThina hotA hai "na taM arI kaMThachetA karei, jaM se kare appaNiyA durppaa|" arthAta "durAcAra meM pravRtta AtmA apanA jitanA aniSTa karatA hai, utanA anartha galA kATane vAlA zatra bhI nahIM krtaa|" manuSya kA janma azAzvata aura du:khoM kA ghara hai tathA yaha saMsAra anitya aura sukha rahita hai|..... sukha koI sacA padArtha nahIM hai phalata: saba tRSNAoM, karmo ko choDe binA zAMti nahIM mila sktii|15|| mokSa aura mokSopAya ajJAna rupa du:kha kI nivRtti kA nAma mokSa hai| jainadarzana meM AtmA kI vizuddha evaM svAbhAvika (kRtsnakarmavipramokSo mokSa:) tathA sampUrNa karmo kI samApti kA nAma mokSa mAnA hai| bauddha darzana meM nirvANa ko (nivvAnaM paramaM vadanti buddhA-dhammapada-gA0184) mokSa kahA hai| Atyantika du:kha kI nivRtti hI 'nirvANa' hai| 'nirvANa' jJAna ke udaya se hotA hai| gItA meM naiSkarmya, nisvaiguNya, kaivalya, brahmabhAva, brAhmI sthiti, brahmanirvANa ko mokSa kahA hai| vedoM ke paDhane meM yajJoM meM aura dAnoM meM phala nizcita haiM, para brahmajJAnI usa sabako ullaMghana kara jAtA hai aura vaha sanAtana paramapada ko prApta kara letA hai|16 samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra kI yogyatA ko jaba vyakti prApta kara letA hai to vaha mokSapatha yA mokSa kI ora agrasara ho jAtA hai| uttarAdhyayana ke aTThAisaveM adhyayana meM mokSamArga kA bhalI prakAra se citraNa kiyA gayA hai| tathA kahA hai: nANeNa jANaI bhAve, daMsaNeNa ya sddhe| - caritteNa nigiNhAi, taveNa prisujjhi| arthAta mokSArthI jJAna se padArthoM ko jAnatA hai, darzana se zraddhAna karatA hai, cAritra se karmAstrava ko rokatA hai aura tapa se vizeSa zuddhi karatA hai| 26, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34 meM adhyayanoM kramaza: AtmotthAnakArI praznottara, tapazcaryA kA svarupa aura vidhi cAritra kI saMkSipta vidhi pramAda kI vyAkhyA aura usase bacakara mokSa prApta karane kA upAya, karmo ke bheda-prabheda, gati, sthiti Adi cha: lezyAoM kA svarupa, phala, gati, sthiti Adi aura 35 veM adhyayana meM niyama-upaniyama batalAye gaye hai| gItA ke solahaveM adhyAya meM paramAtma-sAkSAtkAra ke hetuoM kA vivecana kiyA hai| yadyapi daivI sampadA hai| "jJAnayoga vyavasthiti" meM sthita vyakti saccidAnanda ko prApta kara letA hai| daivI sampadAe~ mokSa kA kAraNa hai aura AsurI sampadA saMsArarupa evaM bandhana kA kAraNa mAnI gaI hai|17 mukti athavA mokSa sarvopari AtmA ke sAtha saMyukta ho jAne kA nAma hai| DaoN. rAdhAkRSNana ne bhAratIya darzana meM likhA hai ki mukta vyakti samasta puNya-pApa se pare hai| puNya bhI pUrNatA ke rupa meM pariNata ho jAtA hai| mukta puruSa jivana ke kevala naitika niyama se Upara uThakara prakAza, mahattA aura adhyAtmika jIvana kI zakti ko pahaMcatA hai|18 DaoN. mahendra kumAra nyAyAcArya ne jainadarzana meM mukti mUla kA sAdhana 'svapara-vivekajJAna' kahA hai| ata: yaha siddha hai ki Atyantika du:kha kI nivRtti aura tatvajJAna se mokSa kI prApti hotI hai| bauddhadharma kA sAdhanA pakSa ASTAMgika mArgarupa hai--(1) samyakdRSTi, (2) samyaksaMkalpa, (3) samyakvacana, (4) samyakvyavahAra, (5) samyakAjIva, (6) samyakvyAyAma, (7) samyaksmRti, (8) smyksmaadhi| ye du:kha-nirodha ke kAraNa hai| paNDitavagga meM nirvANa ke viSaya meM likhA hai "khINAsavA jutImaMto te loka parinibbutA"| arthAta jinake cita kA maila naSTa ho gayA hai, jo dIptimAna siMha kA carma dhAraNa karane se hI siMha nahIM banA jA sktaa| 237
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________________ haiM aise manuSya saMsAra meM nirvANa ko prApta karate haiN| kyoMki jisakA mArga samApta ho cukA hai, jo zokarahita hai, tathA sarvathA vimukta hai, saba graMthiyoM se chUTa cukA hai, usake koI saMtApa nahIM hai|19 evaM "rahado va apetakaddamo saMsArA na bhavanti taadino|" arthAta jalAzaya ke samAna kIcaDa se rahita manuSya ko saMsAra nahIM hotaa| "yastu karmaphalatyAgI sa tyAgItyabhidhIyate" (gItA) apitu viparIta buddhivAlA, AlasI, ajJAnI aura mUrkha jIva zleSma meM lipaTI huI madhumakkhiyoM kI taraha saMsAra meM phaMsate jAte hai, kAma-bhogoM kA tyAga karane vAlA "je taraMti ataraM vaNiyA va" arthAta vyApArI ke jahAja kI taraha tira jAte haiN| karma aura punarjanma kA siddhAnta-karma yA punarjanma kA siddhAnta zAzvata niyama para AdhArita hai| zubhAzubha karmo ke anusAra hI karmaphala kI prApti hotI hai| zubhakarma ke kAraNa acchA phala milegA aura azubha karma ke kAraNa burA phl| uttarAdhyayana ke tIsare adhyayano meM karma kI bAta kA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| yaha jIva saMsAra meM nAnA prakAra ke karma karake aneka gotra vAlI jAtIyoM meM hokara vyApta huA hai| karmoM ke anusAra yaha jIva kabhI devaloka meM aura kabhI asura kI paryAya ko to kabhI kSatriya, cANDAla, Adi kI paryAya ko prApta hotA rahA aura aneka paryAyo meM apane hI kAraNa se bhaTakatA rahA, manuSya janma ko pAkara bhI ajJAnatA ke kAraNa yatra-tatra bhramaNa karatA rhaa| gyArahaveM adhyayana meM manuSya janma kI sArthakatA ko batalAyA hai| jina karmoM ke kAraNa saMsAra meM bhaTaka rahA hai usakA vivecana teMtIsaveM adhyayana meM bheda-prabheda ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai aura anta meM yaha upadeza diyA gayA hai, ki he bhavya puruSa! karmo ke vipAka ko jAnakara inako kSaya karane kA prayatna kreN| cauMtIsaveM adhyayana meM lezyA dvArA manuSya ke bhAvoM ko samajhAyA tathA kahA hai ki jo puruSa jisa rupa kA vicAra karatA, vaha kRSNa, nIla, kApota, pIta-padma aura zaMkha ina cha: rupa ko dhAraNa kara letA aura kabhI inhIM kASAyika bhAvoM ke dvArA naraka, tiryaMca, manuSya aura deva ina cAra gatiyoM ko prApta karatA rahatA hai| jo apane Atmasvarupa ko samajhane lagatA aura jisakI dRSTi rAga-dveSa evaM moha se rahita ho jAtI hai vaha karma se mukta ho jAtA hai aura usakA janma maraNa rupa roga miTa jAtA hai| jo sAra se sAra ko tathA asAra se asAra ko jAnate haiN| samyak saMkalpo ko dekhane vAle ve loga sAra ko prApta karate hai|21 icchAdveSasamutthena dvandamohena bhArata |22 arthAta saMsAra meM icchA-dveSa kA utpanna honA ajJAnatA kA kAraNa hai| rAgadveSaviyukta:23 rAga-dveSa se vimukta karmoM se mukta ho jAte hai| rAga-dveSa se yukta manuSya zAstra ke artha ko bhI viparIta mAna letA hai| rAga-dveSa donoM hI vairI hai|24 zaMkarabhASya meM karma ke viSaya meM spaSTa kathana kiyA hai ki karma Arambha kiye binA janma-janmAntara ke saMcita pApoM kA nAza nahIM ho sktaa| pApa-karmo kA nAza hone para manuSyoM ke anta:karaNa meM jJAna prakaTa hotA hai| isalie hI niyatakarma kA AcaraNa zreSTha kahA hai, usake prati Asakti nahIM, kyoMki karmaphalaAsakti karmabaMdhana kA kAraNa hai|25 gItA kA kevala tIsarA adhyAya hI nahI, apitu isake sabhI adhyAya niSkAma karmayoga kI zikSA dete hai, jo paramAtma yA parabrahma ke sAkSAta kA kAraNa hai| jainadarzana kI tatvadRSTi pratyeka bAta kA spaSTIkaraNa kara detI hai| jIva-ajIva ina tatvo ke AdhAra para vizva kA sahI sahI jJAna ho jAtA hai| para samajhanA hai karma ke kAraNoM ko| Astrava dvArA karmo kara AnA hotA hai aura bandha meM karma Akara isa taraha ba~dha jAte haiM jaise 238 rupa kI kAmanA-icchA sirpha bhogI, vilAsa priya pUrUSoM ke aMta:karaNa meM hI ramaNa karatI rahatI hai|
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________________ dUdha meM pAnI use alaga-alaga nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| baMdha ke kAraNa mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga haiM aura ye baMdha ke kAraNa apanI-apanI karmazakti ke anusAra ba~dhate haiN| inake abhAva hone se vyakti karmabandhana se mukta ho jAtA hai| taba karma-saMskAra AtmA para nahIM par3ate / 26 DaoN. rAmanAtha zarmA ne likhA hai ki "saMsAra eka raMgamaMca ke samAna hai jisa para sabhI ko apane karmAnusAra nizcita pArTa adA karanA par3atA hai|.......... karma ke siddhAnta ke sAtha punarjanma kA siddhAnta bhI lagA huA hai| karma ke baMdhanoM ke kAraNa AtmA ko bAra-bAra zarIra dhAraNa karanA par3atA hai| mokSa hone para hI punarjanma se chuTakArA milatA hai|27 dhammapada ke yamavarga meM punarjanma kA eka bahuta hI sundara udAharaNa diyA hai "sAre kAryoM kA Arambha mana se hotA hai| mana zreSTha hai| sAre kArya manomaya hote haiN| manuSya yadi duSTa mana se bolatA hai to du:kha isakA pIchA karatA hai jaise ki cakra baila ke paira kA pIchA karatA hai|"28 janma ke bAda maraNa aura maraNa ke bAda janma nizcita hotA hai| karma niyamAnusAra hI karmaphala ko bhoganA par3atA hai| samasta karmaphala ko eka sAtha nahIM bhogA jA sktaa| jisa krama se karmaphala ko bhogatA hai, usI krama se karmaphala kA anta bhI hotA hai| gItA meM AtmA kI zAzvatatA ke batalAne ke bAda kahA vAsAMsi jIrNAni yathA vihAya navAni gRddaddAti nro'praanni| tathA zarIrANi vihAya jIrNAnyanyAni saMyAti navAni dehii| arthAt jisa prakAra manuSya phaTe-purAne kapar3oM ko chor3akara naye kapar3e dhAraNa karatA hai usI prakAra yaha AtmA bhI purAne zarIra ko chor3akara naye zarIra ko dhAraNa kara letI hai| ata: janma-maraNa kA cakra anAdi se calA AyA hai| jo janma-maraNa kA anta kara detA hai vahI paramAtmapada ko prApta kara letA hai| AtmA "na jAyate mriyate vA kadAcinnAyaM bhUtvA bhavitA va na bhuuyH|" gItAra/20 tathA dhammapada ke Atmavarga meM svayaM ko udabodhana kiyA gayA hai "attAhi attano nAtho..... aura gItA ke chaThe adhyAya ke pA~caveM-chaThaveM zloka meM bhI isI prakAra kA kathana kiyA naitika samanvayAtmaka dRSTi-tInoM nItiparaka racanAyeM haiN| sadAcAra, satkarma evaM jJAna ko vizeSa mahatva diyA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayana ke prathama adhyayana meM guru-ziSya kI vizeSatAoM ko batalAyA gayA hai| ziSya ko upadezita kiyA hai ki guru ke nikaTa rahakara guru kI AjJA-pAlana kare, jo AjJA ko nahIM mAnatA vaha tattvamAna ko nahIM samajha sktaa| isalie vinaya kA AcaraNa karanA caahie|29 cauthe adhyayana meM sAdhu ke guNoM kA vivecana kiyA hai ki sAdhu viveka ko banda karake lubhAne vAle viSayoM meM mana nahIM lagAve, krodha ko zAnta kare, mAna ko haTAve, mAyA kA sevana nahIM kare aura lobha kA tyAga kre|30 uttarAdhyayana kI taraha gItA meM ahaMkAra, bala, ghamaNDa, kAmanA aura krodhAdi ke adhIna evaM dUsaroM kI nindA karane vAlA, bhagavat viSaya ko na jAnane vAlA tathA zraddhArahita aura saMzayayukta puruSa ko na ihaloka hai aura na paraloka hai aura na sukha hii|31 AlasI aura vIryahIna rahakara sau varSa taka jIvita rahanA nirarthaka hai, para vIryayukta aura dRr3hatApUrNa rahakara eka dina kA jIvita rahanA zreSTha hai| sadAcArI aura saMyata, buddhimAne mana kI paMkhur3iyA~ jaba ekyatA ke sUtra se pRthaka ho jAtI hai to pratyeka mAnavIya prayatna saphala nahIM ho skte| 239
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________________ aura dhyAnI ityAdi aneka udAharaNoM ko prastuta kara yaha batalAyA gayA hai ki jIva ko apane jIvana kA mahatva samajhanA caahie| jJAnI puruSa durlabha hai| vaha saba jagaha paidA nahIM hotA |32 aise anekoM nItiyukta vacanoM kA kathana tInoM granthoM meM mila jAtA hai| ina tInoM kI samanvayAtmaka ddaSTi hai| uttarAdhyayana syAdvAda evaM anekAntadRSTi se vastutatva ko samajhane ke lie preraNA detA hai| kevala yahI bAta nahIM hai, apitu una vibhinna AdarzoM ko tarka-vitarka evaM upadezAtmaka zailI se batalA diyA ki jise sarvasAdhAraNa par3hakara yA gambhIra rUpa se sunakara Atma-kalyANa kI bhAvanA ko paidA kara leN| gItA karmayoga kI zikSA anta taka detI hai, aura vyakti ko apane kartavyoM kA bodha karAtI hai| dhammapada satkarma kI ora prerita karatA hai "na hi verana verAni sammantIdha kudaa:cn|" vAlI yukti mAnava kartavya kA bodha dilAtI hai| gItA "sve sve karmaNyabhirata: saMsiddhiM labhate nrH|" aura uttarAdhyayana "appaNA saccameseccA, mittiM bhUehiM kppye|" ata: tInoM kA pratipAdya viSaya Atmakartavya hI hai| pratyeka mAnava kA lakSya kartavya ko jAnanA hai| sandarbha evaM sandarbha-sthala 1 gItA a0 2/30-31 dehI nityabhavadhyo'yaM dehe sarvasya bhaart!| tasmAtsarvANi bhUtAni na tvaM shocitumhNsi| svadharmamapi cAvezya na vikmpitumrhsi| dhAddhi yuddhAcche yo'nyatkSatriyasya na vidyte| 2 vahI a02/47-48 3 uttarAdhyayana 3/6 * pala-pala jo jAgRta rahe, vaha saadhuu| nidrA meM bhI jo jAgRta ho vaha sAdhu jaba saMsAra ke aneka prANI sukha-du:kha kI ananta kalpanAoM ke bIca thakakara so gaye hote hai taba sAdhU-jana sabhI prakAra ke sukha-duHkha kI vibhUti lagA kara Atma-saceta dazA meM vicaraNa karatA rahatA hai| inakI nidrA zarIra kI thakAvaTa utarane hetu nahI, mAtra kAyasvabhAva hotI hai| 240 mAnava jaba atyaMta prasanna hotA hai taba usakI aMtarAtmA bhI gAtI rahatI hai|