Page #1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ tIrthakaronI nirvANabhUmio saMbaddha stotro nirjhanya saMpradAyanA prAcInatama Agamo(prAyaH I. sa. pU. pAMcamI zatAbdIthI I. sa. pU. bIjI zatAbdI)nA avalokanathI eka vAta to e spaSTa thAya che ke te kALa sudhI to kevaLa "ahaMta pArtha" ane "vIra(jina vardhamAna mahAvIra) saMbaddha ja, ane kevaLa saMkSipta ullekho prApta thAya che. saMghadAsa gaNikRta bRhakalpabhASya(prAya: IsvI 550)nA kathana anusAra (prAyaH I. pU. prathama zatAbdI uttarArdhamAM) Arya zyAme pATaliputramAM saMgha bhego karI tenI samakSa svaracita prathamAnuyoga, caMDikAnuyoga, ane lokAnuyoga samA graMthonuM vAcana karI tene mAnyatA devaDAvelI. AmAM prathamAnuyogamAM 24 tIrthaMkarAdi zalAkA puruSonA jIvana-caritranAM vyAkhyAna ApavAmAM AvelAM, evI bhASyAdimAM noMdho che. saMbhava che ke caturvizati tIrthakaronI kalpanAno AviSkAra yA vibhAga sau prathama prastuta graMthamAM thayo hoya. paNa spaSTa rUpe covIsa tIrthakaronI nAmAvalI ardhamAgadhI bhASAmAM nibaddha caturvizati-stava (prAyaH I. sa. pU. pahelI sadI ke I. sanI pahelI sadI) aMtargata maLe che. A stotra Arya zyAma viracita prathamAnuyoganA maMgala rUpe racAyuM haze ? game te hoya, kuSANathI laI guptakALa sudhImAM racAI cUkela sthAnAMgAdi AgamomAM tIrthakaronAM pUrvabhavo, janmAdinA nakSatro ane mAsa-tithi, mAtApitAnAM nAma, emanAM gaNadharAdi(pramukha ziSyAdi)nAM nAma, tIrthakaronAM AyuSya, zarIranAM kada, ItyAdinI saMkSipta vigato anyathA pUrA nircandha-paurANika raMgapUrvakanA bhagIratha AMkaDAo sameta apAyelI che. ahaMtu vardhamAnanuM amukAze aitihAsika caritra-citraNa AcArAMga-sUtranA prathama skaMdha "bhAvanA" adhyayana (eno prAcInatama bhAga prAya: IsvI 1-2 zatAbdI) ane paryuSaNAkalpa aMtargata "jinacaritra" (saMkalana IsvI 503 / 516) tema ja AvazyakacUrNi (prAyaH 600 + 650)mAM apAyeluM che : (keTalIka hakIkato IsvIsanI trIjI zatAbdImAM, amuka kissAomAM saMbhavataH pUrva mRtio para AdhArita-saMkalita vyAkhyAprajJapti nAmanA pAMcamA "aMga" AgamamAM paNa maLe che.) jina RSabhanuM paurANika caritra jaMbudvIpaprajJatinA prakSipta "kathAnuyoga" hissAmAM (prAyaH IsvI trIjI zatAbdI), tema ja pachInA 50 kaaMtargata upara kathita "jinacaritra"mAM), ane jina ariSTanemi saMbaddha hakIkato uttarAdhyayanasUtranA "rathanemi" adhyayana(prAya : IsvI pahelI-bIjI zatAbdI)thI zarU karI chUTA chavAyA rUpamAM sthAnAMga (vartamAna saMkalana prAyaH IsvI 353), vRSiNedazA, (trIjI-cothI zatAbdI), Adi AgamomAM prApta che. A sivAya Agemika vyAkhyAo-niryuktio bhASyo, ane vizeSa karIne AvazyakacUrNi AdimAM paNa maLI Ave che. ahetu pArzvanA siddhAMta saMbaddha sAmAnya vigato RSibhASitAni (saMkalana I. pU.
Page #2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ tIrthakaronI nirvANabhUmio saMbaddha stotro 203 prathama zatAbdI) ane temanA saMgha vize sthAnAMga, paryuSaNAkalpa "jinacaritra" vibhAga), Adi AgamomAM chUTI chavAyI hakIkato rUpe prApta che. jyAre anya jino vize to bahu ja TUMkANamAM uparyukta AgamomAM noMdho maLe che. AcArAMganiryukti(prAyaH IsvI parapa)mAM nirjhanya daSTie "tIrthanI vyAkhyA karatI vakhate tenI aMdara tIrthakaronAM janma, niSkramaNa, kaivalyaprApti, ane nirvANaprAptinAM sthAnone AvarI lIdhAM che. ane Ama e prathA bauddha saMpradAyamAM prAcIna kALathI pravartamAna paraMparAnI ghaNI samIpa jAya che". tIrthakaronI janmabhUmi rUpeNa nagara-nagarIonI nAmAvalI saMbaMdhakartA AgamomAM gaNAvI dIdhI che; paNa nirvANabhUmi saMbaMdhamAM tema nathI. aitihAsika daSTie to jina mahAvIranI nirvANabhUmi "mala' gaNataMtranI eka rAjadhAnI, purAtana kuzInagara(kuzInArA, kasIyA)nI uttara bAjue rahela madhyamA pAvA (saMbhavataH hAlanuM paDaronA) hatI ane pArzvanAthanuM nirvANa sthaLa "sameyasela" (saMmetazikhara ke sammadazaila) hatuM. Adi jina RSabhanuM nirvANa sthAna jaMbudvIpaprajJapti, paryuSaNAkalpa ane pachInAM stotro anusAra aSTApadaparvata hatuM, jyAre 12mA tIrthaMkara vAsupUjyanuM mukti-sthaLa paryuSaNAkalpa, tIrthAvakAlikaprakIrNa (prAyaH IsvI pa50) Adi anusAra caMpA hatuM; to 22mA jina ariSTanemi ujjayaMtagiri (giranAra) para mokSe gayAnuM jJAtAdharmakathA (prAyaH IsvI trIjI-cothI zatAbdI) Avazyakaniyukti (prAyaH IsvI pa25), tIthavakAlika-prakIrNaka, ane jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa kRta vizeSAvazyakabhASya(prAyaH IsvI 585)mAM noMdhAyeluM che. jyAre vIra nirvANanA sthAnarUpe pAvAno ullekha AgamomAM to pazcAtkAlIna paryuSaNAkalpa ane Avazyaka niryukti tema ja vizeSAvazyaka bhASya jevA Agamika vyAkhyA-graMtho tema ja tIrthAvakAlika prakIrNakamAM ja maLe che. alabatta chaThThA-sAtamA saikAnI A nirjhanya sAhityanI noMdhothI prAcInatara bauddha pAli tripiTaka graMthomAM paNa pAvAmAM ja "nigaMTha nAtaputa" eTale ke jina mahAvIra nirvANa pAmyAnuM noMdhAyuM che. paNa bAkI rahetA 20 jinonuM nirvANa kyAM thayeluM tenI to moDethI banelA paryuSaNAkalpa ("jina caritra" vibhAga) sameta upalabdha AgamomAM to kyAMye noMdha nathI. paNa pachIthI taratanA kALamAM A praznano uttara Avazyakaniyukti ane kadAca tene anusarIne tIrthAvakAlikaprakIrNaka ane vizeSAvazyakabhASyamAM e rIte ApavAmAM Avyo ke zeSa badhA (eTale ke bAkI rahetA 20) paNa "saMmeya-sela" para mokSe gayelA. dAkSiNAtya nirmantha paraMparAnA Agamavata graMtha trilokaprajJapti (prAya IsvI pa50)mAM paNa uparanI ja hakIktonuM samarthana che. buddhanI nirvANabhUmi para tema ja emanA zarIrAvazeSo para anyatra stUpo racAyelA tevuM
Page #3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 204 nirjhanya aitihAsika lekha-samuccaya-1 pAli tripiTaka parathI ane purAvazeSo parathI jANIe chIe; paNa jina mahAvIranAM asthi para pAvAmAM ke anyatra stUpa racAyAnuM noMdhAyeluM nathI. paNa aSTApada parvata para RSabha-putra cakravartI bharate jinanuM maMdira bAMdhyAnuM AvazyakacUrNi kahe che. ane saMbhava che ke saMmetazikhara para pArzvanAthano stUpa hoya; kaMI nahIM toye mathurAmAM to Avo sUpa hato ja. nirgastha saMpradAyanI astitvamAna paraMparAomAM prAkRta atirikta saMskRtamAM seMkaDo stava-stotro, stuti-stavano racAyelAM che. temAM guNavattAnA dRSTikoNathI keTalAMka to samagra bhAratIya stotra sAhityamAM agrima haroLamAM sthAna pAmavAnI yogyatA dharAve che. stotra sAhityanA adhyayana daramiyAna tIrthakaronI nirvANabhUmi saMbaddha be stotro mArA jovAmAM AvyAM che. baMne nircantha darzananI dAkSiNAtya paraMparAmAM racAyelAM che. temAM eka to mahAna saiddhAttika evuM dArzanika vidvAna tema ja lakSaNazAstrI ane bejoDa vyAkhyAkAra pUjyapAda devanaMdi(prAyaH IsvI 63pa-680)nI racanA manAya che, je tenI zailInAM lakSaNo dhyAnamAM letAM emanI hovAno ghaNo saMbhava che. bIjuM paNa jo ke saMpradAyamAM to temanI ja kRti manAya che, paNa tenI zailI atyaMta UMcI koTInI hovA chatAM bhinna prakAranI, prAmadhyakAlIna pachInI to nahIM ja, ane sAhityika dRSTie thoDIka vizeSa vikasita dazAnI che. beu stotro niHzaMka uttama koTInAM hoI, tema ja gujarAta taraphanA nirjhantha-nirgaLetara vidvAno tenAthI prAyaH ajJAta hoI ahIM e baMnenA sAra-bhAgane uddekIne tenAM guNa-lakSaNAdinI saMkSipta rUpe samAlocanA karavA vicAryuM che. prathama stotra "dvAdazikA" rUpe racAyuM che, tenuM paheluM padya upoddAta svarUpanuM che ane pachInAM padomAM anukrame jina RSabha, jina vAsupUjya, ariSTanemi ane vIranAM nirvANasthAno ojasapUrvaka ullikhita che. (te pachInAM 4 padyo jinendronI nirvANa tithio ane nirjhanya itihAsa tema ja paurANika kathAnakonAM pAtronI nirvANabhUmio saMbaMdhita che. temAMthI nircanthadarzanamAM pAMDavonI nirvANabhUmi tarIke manAtA zatruMjayagiri viSayaka padyArdhanuM paNa avataraNa ahIM tenI atIva suMdara guMphanalIlAne kAraNe tyAM aMtabhAge samAviSTa karI lIdhuM che.) yatrArhatAM gaNabhRtAM zrutapAragANAM nirvANabhUmiriha bhAratavarSajAnAm / tAmadya zuddhamanasA kriyayA vacobhiH saMstotumudyatamatiH pariNaumi bhaktyA // 21 // kailAsazailazikhare parinirvRto'sau zailezibhAvamupapadyavRSo mahAtmA / caMpApure ca vasupUjyasutaH sudhImAn siddhi parAmupagato gatarAbabaMdha // 22 // yatprArthyate zivamayaM vibudhezvarAdyaiH pAkhaMDibhizca paramArthagaveSazIlaiH / naSTASTakarmasamaye tadariSTanemiH saMprAptavAn kSitidhare bRhadUrjayante // 23 //
Page #4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ tIrthaMkaronI nirvANabhUmio saMbaddha stotro pAvApurasya bahirunnatabhUmiMdeze padmotpalAkulavatAM sarasAM hi madhye | zrIvarddhamAnajinadeva iti pratIto nirvANamApa bhagavAnpravidhatapApmA // 24 // zeSAstu te jinavarA jitamohamalA jJAnArkabhUrikiraNairavabhAsya lokAn / sthAnaM paraM niravadhAritasaukhyaniSThaM sammedaparvatatale samavApurIzAH // 25 // ane zatruMjaye nagavare damitAripakSAH paMDoH sutAH paramanirvRtimabhyupetAH // 28 // nirvANabhUminI nAmAvalI eka evI vastu che ke tene Ama to sarasa ane suSu padyabaMdhamAM gUMthI levI ja duSkara che; ane bIjI bAju viSayanI gaMbhIratA tema ja garimAne lakSamAM rAkhatAM tyAM nitya upayogamAM levAtA lAlityadyotaka sAhityika alaMkAro, ramaNIya ceSTAo, AhlAdajanaka vizeSaNo ane camatkArotpAdaka cAturIne sthAna nathI. AvI paristhitimAM kRtinuM sAphalya atyaMta lAghavapradhAna, sadhana paNa Rju ane prazAMta rIte vahetA maitrIpUrNa zabdasamUhonI aucityapUrNa pasaMdagI ane tenA suyojita saMghaTana para ja avalaMbe; ane AvuM kaThina kArya pUjyapAda devanaMdi sarakhI vibhUti sivAya bIjuM koNa karI zake ? emanI eka anya utkRSTa paghAtmaka kRti, samAdhitaMtra aparanAma samAdhizatakanA be'eka padya prastuta guNonAM ja avalaMbananAM dRSTAMta rajU karatAM hoI tulanArthe ahIM uddhRta karIzuM : jayanti yasyAvadato'pi bhAratI- vibhUtayastIrthakRto'pyanIhituH / zivAya dhAtre sugatAya viSNave jinAya tasmai sakalAtmane namaH ||2 // 205 muktvA paratra parabuddhimahaMdhiyaM ca saMsAraduHkhajananIM jananAdvimuktaH / jyotirmayaM sukhamupaiti parAtmaniSThastanmArgametadadhigamya samAdhitantram // 105 // nirvANabhUmi saMbaddha bIjI kRti che nandIzvaradvIpastuti. emAM naMdIzvaradvIpanI prabhAvakArI, rasAtmaka, samAsapUrvakanI sugrathita varNanA pachInAM padyomAM 170 dharmakSetronA jinendrone vaMdanA devAnA saMkalpa sAthe pAMca paghomAM sAMprata avatsarpiNI kALanAM caturviMzati tIrthaMkaronI nirvANabhUminA viSayane sparzo che : yathA : :. asyAmavasarpiNyAM vRSabhajinaH prathamatIrthakartA bhartA / aSTApadagirimastakagatasthito muktimApa pApAnmuktaH // 29 // zrIvAsupUjyabhagavAn zivAsu pUjAsu pUjitastridazAnAM / caMpAyAM duritaharaH paramapadaM prApadApadAmantagataH // 30 //
Page #5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 206 nircantha aitihAsika lekha-samuccaya-1 muditamatibalamurAriprapUjito jitakaSAyaripuratha jAtaH / bRhadUrjayantazikharo zikhAmaNistribhuvanasyanemirbhagavAn // 31 // pAvApuravarasarasAM madhyagataH siddhivRddhitapasAM mahasAM / vIro nIradanAdo bhUriguNazcAruzobhamAspadamagamat // 32 // sammadakarivanaparivRta-sammeda-girindramastake vistIrNe / zeSA ye tIrthakarAH kIrtibhRtaH prArthitArthasiddhimavApan // 33 // A paghonuM prathana-kauzala paNa vidagdha ane udAtta AbhijAtya sAthe lAghavadarzI UrjasvitA dAkhavI rahe che. sAthe stotra jhaMkRta dhvanithI dedIpyamAna banI UDyuM che. kartAnAM AgamapravaNa valaNa, kartutva-sAmarthya, ane aMtaraMgamAM vilasatA kAvyaguNo Ama to devanaMdinI kRtiomAM dekhAya che tenI amukAze samIpanAM che.paNa savAla e che ke zuM enA e viSaya para kartAe be jude jude sthaLe kathana karyuM haze? ke pachI najadIkanA ja samayamAM, kadAca sAtamInA aMtabhAge, thayelA koI samartha paNa ajJAta kartAnI A racanA haze ? saMghaTananI prakRtimAM ane zabdonI pasaMdagImAM ane kAvyapotanA tANAvANAmAM baMne vacce thoDoka pharaka to jarUra varatAya che. eno to kaMIka aMze e rIte khulAso karI zakAya ke baMnenAM chaMda alaga prakAranAM che; ane chaMda judA hoya to keTalIka vAra upalaka dRSTie eka ja kartAnI kRtiomAM paNa nokhApaNuM lAge. A bAbatamAM vizeSa cokkasa nirNaya to bhaviSyanA vizeSa UMDANabharyA, vizleSaNayukta parIkSaNa para choDuM chuM. jo ke prathama dRSTie mane enI zailI varAMgacaritakAra jaTAsiMhanaMdI(prAya IsvI 650-700)nI hovAno bhAsa thayo che. uttaranI nirgastha paraMparAnI IsvIsananI pAMcamIthI laI 17mI sadInA lagabhaga hajAreka saMskRta-prAkRta stotro huM joI vaLyo chuM; paNa temAM nirvANabhUmine viSaya banAvI tenuM Alekhana karatI koI ja racanA najare paDI nathI. dAkSiNAtya nirainya paraMparA enAM saMskRta bhASA paranA abhuta prabhutva, kavitAmAM ajoDa saMgrathana naipuNya ane uccatama guNavattA mATe ja nahIM, paNa nirvANabhUmi sarakhA kaparA, zuSka, ane gamagIna viSayane paNa stotra-kAvyanA mAdhyama dvArA, prazAMta-gaMbhIratAnAM tattvo sameta nibaMdharUpe nirdhArita karI zakI che te ghaTanA saheje ja prazaMsAne pAtra banI jAya che. TippaNo : 1. AgamomAM AcArAMga (prathama skaMdha), sUtrakatAMga, dazavaikAlika, uttarAdhyayana, RSibhASitAni temaja sUryaprajJapti ane caMdraprajJapti zailI tema ja vastunI daSTie sauthI prAcIna che. jo ke A pratyekamAM judA judA samayanAM ane nokhI nokhI zailInA staro che.
Page #6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ tIrthakaronI nirvANabhUmio saMbaddha stotro 207 2. AcArAMga(prathama skaMdha)nA "upadhAna sUtra"mAM jina 'vIranI tapasyAnA kALa(prAya: IsvI pUrve 519 507)nuM vivaraNa che. 3. A stotranI uttaranI paraMparAmAM IsvIsanI cothI zatAbdI sudhI, vAcaka umAsvAtinA tattvArthAdhigama sabhASyasUtra (prAyaH IsvI 375-400) sudhInA kALamAM, tema ja devavAcakanA naMdIsUtra(prAyaH I. sa. 450-475)nA samaya sudhImAM to Sa AvazyakamAM gaNatarI thatI. te pachI IsvIsanunI pAMcamI sadInA aMtima caraNamAM saMkalita Avazyaka sUtramAM teno samAveza thayo. thoDA pAThAMtara sAthe A stotra digaMbara paraMparAmAM paNa (saMbhavataH pApanIya saMghanA mAdhyama dvArA) upalabdha che. 4. pArzvanAthano "nirjhantha" saMpradAya kramazaH mahAvIranA saMpradAyamAM bhaLI javAthI prastuta jina tema ja temanA upadeza saMbaddha maulika jUnuM sAhitya vilupta thaI gayuM. 5. bauddhAmAM buddhanuM janmasthAna (lumbinI vana), bodhiprApti sthAna buddha gayA), dharmacakra pravartana (vArANasI samIpa sAranAtha) ane nirvANanA sthAna(kuzinagara)nuM yAtrA nimitte ghaNuM mahattva hatuM. nirgaLyomAM tIrtha karonAM evAM samAMtara dhAmone paMcakalyANaka tIrtho (garbha, janma, niSkramaNa, kaivalyaprApti ane nirvANa)mAM samAvI levAmAM AvyAM. 6. uttaranI paraMparAnA saMskRta TIkAkAro Adi prAkRta zabda "sammaya'nuM saMskRta rUpAMtara "sammata' kare che; jyAre dakSiNavALAo "sammada' kare che. "sammada' zabda vizeSa samIcIna jaNAya che. meda (Mass) parvatanA ghora daLadArapaNAnA vizeSa lakSaNane spaSTa kare che. jema ke "medinI' eTale pRthvI. 7, dAkSiNAtya nircantha paripATImAM aSTApada parvatane badale ghaNI vAra "kailAsa" ulikhita che, je vAta uttaranI Agamika paraMparA ane tadanuvaMgI vyAkhyAtmaka sAhityamAM kayAMye jovA maLatI nathI paNa pUrNatalagacchIya AcArya hemacaMdranA abhidhAnaciMtAmaNi 4 / 1028 (prAyaH I. sa. 1140)mAM lAsanI "aSTApadanA paryAya rUpeNa noMdha levAI che. 8. A sammada-zikhara te hAlanuM suprasiddha tIrthadhAma "pArzvanAtha-hila nahIM paNa gayA pAseno kahuA DuMgara che evuM anveSakonuM mAnavuM che. pArzvanAtha-hila para koI ja prAcIna avazeSo nathI maLatA jyAre kohuA DuMgara para khaDaka para 20 jinamUrtio kaMDArelI javAya che ane eka "sammada...' jevo zabdakhaMDa dharAvatA abhilekhano TukaDo maLI Avyo che. 9. saMbhava che ke ameda-zailanA mULa stUpa kholI, temAMthI acyavazeSono amuka aMza kADhI, mathurAnA sUpanI te para 2canA IsvIsanuM pUrvanI koIka sadImAM, kadAca maurya saMmatinA samayamAM thaI hoya. 10. adhyayanamAM stotra-sAhitya e mahadaMze upekSita viSaya rahyo che. hAlamAM jitendra zAha sAthe huM zrIbRha nirca-stotra-ratna-maMjUSA graMthanuM saMklana evuM saMpAdana karI rahyo chuM. 11. A stotro dazabhakti aMtargata, dhArAnA mahAnu digaMbara vyAkhyAnakAra prabhAcaMdra(kAryakAla prAyaH I saMda 1025-1060)nI vRtti sAthe (yA anyathA) aneka sthaLothI chapAyelAM che. meM ahIMnI carcAmAM nIcenA be prakAzanono upayoga karyo che. (1) riyA nApa: (saM. pannAlAla-sonI-zAstrI), AgarA vi. saM. 1993 (I. sa. 1937);
Page #7
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 208 nirgastha aitihAsika lekha-samuccaya-1 (2) phugvajha-mana-siddhAMta paDAvata, zrI digaMbara jaina kuMthu vijaya graMthamAlA samiti, jayapura 1982, pR 139-140 tathA pR. 144-145, 12. prabhAcaMdranA kathana anusAra saMskRta bhaktio pAdapUjya svAmI(pUjayapAda devanaMdi)nI racelI che. paNa paM. nAthurAma premI Adi vidvAnone A anuzrutinI satyatAmAM saMdeha che. (juo premI, "devanaMdikA jainendra vyAkaraNa". jaina sAhitya aura ItihAsa, muMbaI, 1956, pR. 48; tathA sadarahu graMthamAM "hamAre tIrthakSetra", pR. 423.) 13. dazabhaktiomAM "nirvANa bhakti" Aje je rUpe maLe che temAM prathamanAM 20 padyo to "vIra paMcAlyANaka stotra" rUpeNa koI alaga kartAnI bhinna zailImAM (moTe bhAge jaTA siMhanaMdInI zailImAM judA ja chaMdamAM, nokhI ja racanA che. 14. uparyukta "nirvANabhaktimAM "vIra paMcakalyANaka stotra" pachIthI AvatAM 12 padyo ja asalI nirvANabhUmistotra" che. 15. A mAnyatA kSatrapa kALanA uttarArdhamAM racAyela AgamomAM sau prathama ja dekhA de che. 16. daza bhaktiomAM "naMdIzvarabhakti" nAmanI racanA mULe be bhinna bhinna racanAonuM joDAyeluM svarUpa che. 1thI 28 padho sudhInI ja racanA "naMdIzvarastuti" che. te pachInA 29thI 37 sudhInAM paDyo "nirvANabhUmistuti" che ane tyAra bAdanA 38thI laI 60 sudhInAM 23 padho tIrthakaronAM atizaya ane aSTamahAprAtihArya saMbaddha che. Ama A traNe racanAo jo eka ja kartAnI hoya to paNa traNa pRthaku viSayane AvarI letI racanAo ja mAnavI joIe. (A saMbaMdhamAM vistArapUrvaka ane sapramANa carcA huM anyatra eka aMgrejI lekhamAM karI rahyo che.)