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________________ tIrthaMkara mahAvIra janma aura vihAra kSetra tIrthaMkara mahAvIrane bihAra kI puNyabhUmi vaizAlI meM Ajase 2556 varSa pUrva janma liyA thaa| tIsa varSa kI bharI javAnI meM rAjya vaibhava tyAga kara ve AtmasAdhanAmeM lIna hue the, vyakti kI mukti aura samAja meM zAnti kA mArga khojane ke lie / 12 varSa kI dIrgha tapasyA ke bAda unheM kaivalya prApta huA aura ve usake bAda 30 varSa taka bihAra, ur3IsA, baMgAla aura uttarapradeza meM satata pAda vihAra kara upadeza dete rhe| unake tathA zAstA buddhake bihAra ke kAraNa hI prAnta kA nAma bihAra pdd'aa| vIra bhUmi (bIra bhUma) aura vardhamAna ( vadavAna ) jile tIrthaMkara mahAvIrake bihAra (vicaraNa ) ko sAkSI de rahe haiN| ve tIrthaMkara the tIrthaMkara vaha vyakti bana pAtA hai, jo janma-janmAntarase yaha utkaTa bhAvanA rakhatA hai ki mujhe jo zakti aura sAmarthya prApta ho vaha jagatke kalyANa va uddhArake lie arpita hai| saMsArake prANI ajJAna andhakAra aura tRSNAke jAla meM par3e hue haiM kaise ve prakAza pAe~ aura tRSNA ke jAlako bheda kara sanmArga meM laga sakeM, isI pavitra bhAvanAse vyakti tIrthaMkara banatA hai; mokSamArga kA netA hotA hai / vaha apane kA vizva kalyANa ke lie upadeza detA hai aura apane ko khapA detA hai jagat ke uddhAra arthAt dharma mArga kA kartA hotA hai / vaha kisI zAstrameM yA grantha meM likhe hue dharma mArga kA pracAraka nahIM hotA, kintu apane jIvanameM jisa dharma kA sAkSAtkAra karatA hai aura jisa mArgase apanI AtmA kI mukti kA dvAra pAtA hai, usI dharma kA vaha upadeza detA hai| jisa mArga se vaha taratA hai, vahI mArga dUsaroM ko batAtA hai / vaha taraNa tAraNa hotA hai / unake tIrtha ke mukhya AdhAra ye haiM / puruSa svayaM pramANa hai dharmake svarUpake nizcaya karane meM paramparAse Ae hue veda yA zAstra ekamAtra pramANa nahIM ho sakate; kintu nirmala aura tatvajJAnI AtmA svayaM dharma kA sAkSAtkAra kara sakatA hai| vaha svayaM apane dharma mArga kA nirNaya kara sakatA hai| isa taraha veda yA zAstra ke nAma para eka varga kI jo dharma kA adhikArI banA huA thA, vaha dharma kI jo vyAkhyA karatA thA, vahI sabako mAnya karanI par3atI thI, buddhi kI isa gulAmI ko tIrthaMkarane utAra pheMkA aura kahA ki vyakti apanI sAdhanAse svayaM vItarAgI bana sakatA hai aura vaha kevala jJAna- pUrNa jJAna prApta kara sakatA hai| jisake bala para vaha dharma kA sAkSAtkAra kara sakatA hai aura dharma mArga kA nirNaya bhI kara sakatA hai / koI bhI vAkya yA zabda, cAhe ve vedameM likhe hoM yA anya kisI zAstrameM, svataH (apane ApameM ) pramANa nahIM ho sakate zabda yA vAkya kI pramANatA vaktA (bolane vAle) ke prAmANya ( prAmANikatA ) para nirbhara hotI hai| jina zabdoM kA kahane vAlA vaktA vItarAgI aura tattvajJa hai, ve hA zabda pramANa hote haiM; arthAt zabdoM meM pramANatA svayaM kI nahIM hai, kintu bolane vAle vyakti kI hai / anubhUta dharma mArga tIrthaMkara svayaM tIrthaM eka bAta vizeSa rUpase dhyAna dene kI hai ki zramaNa saMskRtike mahAn jyotirdhara tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura zAstA buddha donoM kSatriya the| usa samaya dharmake eka mAtra adhikArI brAhmaNa the / kintu mahAvIra aura buddhane svayaM sAdhanA karake dharmake Upara baMda aura brAhmaNa varga ke hI eka mAtra adhikAra kI paramparA ko tor3a kara svayaM dharma kA upadeza diyA / yaha eka mahAn vicArakrAnti thI / ye kSatriya kumAra dharmameM svayaM pramANa bana kara dharma tIrthaMke kartA hue| itanA ho nahIM, kintu inhoMne dharma kA dvAra mAnavamAtra ke lie khola diyA thaa| inhoMne rUr3a varNa-vyavasthA kijeme jakar3I huI mAnavatA ko trANa diyA aura spaSTa kahA ki /
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________________ 394 : DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha varNa vyavasthA vyavahAra ke lie hai AjIvikAke upAyoM kA vargIkaraNa varNavyavasthA kA mukhya prayojana hai| yaha sAmAjika vyavasthA kA tatkAlIna prayoga hai / isake AdhAra para dharmAdhikArameM bheda nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| koI bhI manuSya dharmake kisI bhI pada ko apanI sAdhanAse pA sakatA hai| usake pAne meM usakA zarIra bAdhaka nahIM hogaa| unhoMne janma-siddha varNa vyavasthAke viruddha apane saMghameM cAMDAla, mAlI, kahAra, nAI Adi janmase kahe jAne vAle zadroM ko bhI zAmila kiyaa| aura unake lie dharma kA dvAra hI nahIM kholA, balki apane saMghameM unheM vahI darajA diyA, jo kisI ucca varNavAle brAhmaNa Adi ko mila sakatA thA / ahiMsAke vratiyoMmeM sabase acchA udAharaNa yamapAla cAMDAla kA liyA jA sakatA hai / metArya muni aura harikezI sAdhu bhI cAMDAla hI the / tAtparya yaha ki-tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kA ahiMsA dharma kisI varNa vizeSake lie hI nahIM thA, balki usakI zItala chAyAmeM sabhI samAna rUpase zAnti lAbha karate the| jina asaMkhya zadroM ko dharma kA akSara sunane taka kA adhikAra nahIM thA, jo manuSya kI zakalameM pazuoMse bhI badatara the, unheM dharmameM samAna pada aura samAna adhikAra kA mila jAnA sacamuca usa yuga kI sabase bar3I krAnti thii| isI samatA tIrtha yA sarvodaya tIrthake pravartaka honeke kAraNa mahAvIra tIrthakara the / jagat svayaM siddha hai jagatake banAne vAle Izvara ko mAnakara aura varNavyavasthA ko Izvara kI dena kahakara jo ekAdhipatya kI paramparA pracalita thI, use bhI tIrthakarane svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| unane batAyA ki jagatakI racanA bhautika paramANaoMke saMyoga-viyogoMse svayaM ho rahI hai / usameM kisI sarva-niyantA kA koI sthAna yA hAtha nahIM hai| kahIM puruSake prayatna use bhale hI niyaMtrita kara leM, para yaha saba samaya aura saba sthAnoMke lie nahIM haiN| vizvake raMga-maMca para asaMkhya parivartana ApasI saMyoga-viyogoMse apane Apa hote rahate haiN| oNksIjana aura haoNiDrojana ko kisI prayogazAlAmeM vijJAna vettA bhI milAtA hai aura AkAzameM ve apane Apa hI milakara jala bana jAte haiN| manuSya svayaM apane puNya aura pApa kA phala pAtA hai / apane karma saMskAroM ke anusAra acchI aura barI avasthA ko prApta hotA hai / isake lie lekhA-jokhA rakhane vAle kisI mahAprabhu kI na to AvazyakatA hai aura na usakI sthiti vijJAna-saMmata kAryakAraNa kI zrRMkhalAmeM hI phiTa-sumila baiThatI hai| pazuyajJa Adi dharma nahIM Izvarake nAma para yaha bhI kahA jAtA thA ki svayaMbhU Izvarane yajJake lie pazuoM ko suSTi kI hai| ataH yajJameM pazuoM kA vadha karanA hiMsA yA adharma nahIM hai| ahiMsAke sarvodayI puraskartA tIrthaMkara mahAvIrane kahA ki Izvarane kisI ko nahIM bnaayaa| jisa prakAra hama svayaM siddha haiM, usI taraha gAya Adi paza bhii| jisa prakAra hameM prANa pyAre haiM, hama sukha cAhate haiM, isI taraha ve pazu bhii| kahA hai "jaha mama na piyaM dukkhaM, jANihi emeva savvajIvANaM / " jaise hameM duHkha priya nahIM lagatA, vaise hI saba jIvoM ko jaano| "savve jIvA piyAuA suhasAyA dukkh-pddikuulaa|" sabhI ko apane prANa pyAre haiM, saba sukha cAhate haiM, duHkhase saba Darate haiN| isalie yajJameM pazaoM kA homA jAnA kadApi dharma nahIM ho sktaa| tIrthakarake dvArA kiye gae isa pazuvadhake virodha kA janatAne svAgata kiyaa| isI taraha nadiyoMmeM snAna karanA, paMcAgni tapanA, parvatase giranA, kAzI karavaTa lenA, agnipAta Adi kriyAkANDoMmeM dharma mAnane ko mUr3hatA batAkara kahA ki dharma to Atmazuddhi kA mArga hai /
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________________ 4 / viziSTa nibandha : 395 apane manako zuddhi hI vAstavameM dharma hai| isa manaHzuddhike sAtha samasta prANiyoMkI Atma-samatA kI buddhise rakSA karanA hI parama dharma hai / isa dharma meM prANimAtra kA samAna adhikAra hai| lokabhASA kI pratiSThA bhASA bhAvoM kA vAhana hai / vaha eka aisA mAdhyama hai, jisase eka vyakti dUsare vyaktike hRdayagata bhAvoM ko samajhatA hai| ataH kisI bhI bhASA ko ziSTa aura puNya mAnakara usase asaMkhya janatA ko vaMcita rakhanA bhI rUr3ha varNavyavasthA kA eka abhizApa hai / saMskRta kA uccAraNa hI dharma aura puNya hai; lokabhASA prAkRta, apabhraMza Adi kA uccAraNa nahIM karanA cAhie; saMskRta vizeSataH vaidika saMskRtake par3hane kA adhikAra zadroM aura striyoM ko nahIM hai--ityAdi vyavasthAoM dvArA jo bhASA kA sAmrAjya bhArata bhUmi para sthApita thA; usake viruddha tIrthaMkara mahAvIrane apanA upadeza ardhamAgadhI bolImeM diyA thaa| ardhamAgadhI vaha bolI thI, jisameM Adhe zabda magadha-janapada kI bolIke the aura Adhe zabda anya videha aMga, vaMga, kAzI, kauzala Adi mahAjanapadoM kI boliyoMke the| yAnI usa bhASAmeM 18 mahAbhASAke aura 700 laghu bhASAoM (choTI boliyoM) ke zabdoM kA samAveza thaa| itanI udAra thI vaha bhASA, jisameM tIrthaMkara kA upadeza hotA thaa| buddha kI pAli bhASA mUlataH yahI mAgadhI hai / usakA pAlI nAma to 'buddha vacanoM kI paMkti' ke dhArmika arthake kAraNa par3A hai| Aja hama hindI aura hindustAnIke jisa visaMvAdameM par3akara bhASAke kSetra meM jo caukA lagA rahe haiM aura usake nAma para rASTra kI ekatA ko chinna-bhinna karane meM nahIM cUkate, unheM tIrthaMkara kI lokabhASA kI isa dRSTi ko apanA kara bhASA ko saMkucita rakhane kI manovRtti ko chor3anA cAhie / aura bhASA ko sAdhya nahIM, sAdhana mAna kara use saba kI bolI banane denA cAhie / vyakti dharma aura samAja dharma vyakti ko nirAkUla aura zaddha bananeke lie mahAvIrane ahiMsA, brahmacarya aura aparigraha para bahuta jora diyA hai aura batAyA ki jaba taka manuSya prANimAtrake sAtha Atma-tulyatA kI bhAvanA nahIM banAtA; saba prANiyoM ko apane hI samAna jIne kA adhikArI nahIM mAnatA-taba taka usake manameM sarvodayI ahiMsA kA vikAsa nahIM ho sktaa| vAsanAoM para vijaya pAnA hI saccI zuddhi hai aura usakI kasauTI hai brahmacarya kI puurnntaa| parigraha kA saMgraha hI viSamatA, saMgharSa aura hiMsA kI jar3a hai| isakA saMgraha karane vAlA vyakti kabhI sarvodaya (sabakA udaya, sabakA bhalA) kI bhAvanA kA adhikArI nahIM ho sktaa| ina sabake sAtha hI jIvana kI zuddhike lie satya kA bhI utanA hI sthAna hai, jitanA ahiMsA kaa| satya kA Agraha honA aura usake nibhAneke lie pratyeka tyAga kI taiyArI rakhanA parigraha-lipsu, vAsanAoMke gulAma aura hiMsaka arthAt dUsaroMke adhikAra ko har3apane vAle vyaktike vaza kI bAta nahIM hai| isI taraha acauryavrata arthAt dUsaroM kI vastu ko nahIM curAnA yAnI dUsaroMke adhikAra aura zrama ko har3apane kI vRtti kA na honA--yaha jIvana zuddhi kA mahAn prayoga hai| eka tarahase dekhA jAe, to manameM ahiMsA kI jyotike jagate hI acaurya kI pravRtti aura satya kA Agraha apane Apa hI A jAte haiN| aura ina sabako nibhAneke lie indriyajaya hI nahIM, indriya damana rUpa saMyama yA brahmacarya kI pratiSThA nitAnta Avazyaka hai| ina pA~ca vratoM kA, jo vastutaH ahiMsAke hI vistAra haiM; jIvana zuddhimeM jitanA upayoga hai, usase bhI adhika inakA svastha samAjake nirmANameM malabhata sthAna hai| samAja racanA kI mala bhUmikA hai-pratyeka ikAI kA dUsarI ikAIke prati Atma-samAnatA kA bhAva yAnI pratyeka ikAI ko apanI hI taraha samAna
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________________ 396 : DaoN0 mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha adhikArI maannaa| isa sarvodayo rUpa kI pUrNatAke lie sabase pahale vyaktike mAnasameM sarva samatA rUpI ahiMsA kI jyoti jaganA hI caahie| usIke nirmala prakAzameM vaha nava samAja nirmANake maMgalamaya rUpa kI racanA kara sakatA hai / isa Atma-samAnatA kI jyotike jagate hI aparigraha yA samAna-parigraha kI pravRtti usameM svataH hI A jaaegii| vaha apanI AvazyakatAoM ko itanA sImita rakhegA, ki samAja kI prAraMbhika aura anivArya AvazyakatAe~ pUrNa ho jAe~, usakI pUrNatAmeM bAdhA na Ae, viSamatAke vAtAvaraNa kI sRSTi na ho / samAna adhikAra vAlI samAja kI svasthatAke lie paraspara satya vyavahAra aura acaurya vatti yAnI dUsaroM kI bhogya vastu yA adhikAra ko nahIM har3apanA-ye mUla bAteM haiN| aura yaha saba taba ho sakatA hai, jaba jIvanameM se vilAsitA, vAsanAoM kI gulAmI aura indriya lolupatA kI beroka pravRttiyA~ dUra ho jaaeN| arthAt sImita brahmacarya svastha samAja kI sthiratA kA prANabhUta AdhAra hai| vicArazuddhi yAnI anekAntadRSTi saMsArake hara eka padArthameM ananta dharma haiM / kiso eka padArtha kI saMpUrNa vizeSatAoM-khUbiyoM ko jAna lenA hama-tuma jaise alpajJAniyoMke vaza kI bAta nahIM hai| koI pUrNa jJAnI unheM jAna bhI le, to bhI vaha unakA varNana to kara hI nahIM sktaa| jJAna-vijJAna kI asaMkhya zAkhAe~ hamAre sAmane haiN| usa jJAna samadra kI eka bUMda ko bhI pUrNa rUpase na pAne vAlA yaha manuSya kitanA ahaMkArI bana gayA hai ki vaha apane eka daSTikoNa ko hI pUrNa satya mAnane kA DhoMga kara baiThA hai| tIrthaMkara mahAvIrane usake isa daMbha ko jhaka-jhorate hae kahA-kSudra mAnava ! ta kahA~ hai ? isa ananta vizvake eka kaNa ko bhI ta pUre rUpase nahIM samajha pAyA hai| pratyeka kaNa-aNu ananta dharmoM kA AdhAra hai / ataH vastuke svarUpake sambandhameM jitane bhI vicAra aura daSTikoNa sAmane Ae~, unheM sahAnubhUti aura vastu sthitike AdhArase dekho| koI vicAra yA dRSTikoNa eka apekSAse hI satya ho sakatA hai, sabhI dRSTikoNoM yA pUrNa rUpase satya nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki vastu kA svarUpa hI jaba anekAnta yAnI ananta dharma vAlA hai, taba usake eka-eka aMza ko pakar3ane vAlA vicAra pUrNa satya kaise ho sakatA hai / tAtparya yaha ki vicArazuddhi aura satyatAke lie Avazyaka hai ki vastu kI ananta dharmatA aura apanI saMkucita zakti kA bhAna hameM rahe / aisI sthitimeM hama apane hI vicAra, dRSTikoNa yA abhiprAya ko pUrNatayA satya mAnane kA dAvA yA daMbha nahIM kara sakate / koI bhI vicAra apane rUpameM kisI eka dRSTise hI satya ho sakatA hai, sarva yA sapUrNa dRSTiyoMse nhiiN| yaha anekAnta darzana hI vicAra zuddhi kA vAstavika AdhAra hai aura isI kI maMgalamaya jyotimeM hama jJAnake ahaMkAra aura usa ahaMkArase hone vAle vividha mata-matAntaroMke sAMpradAyika kucakrase mAnava samAja kI rakSA kara skeNge| syAdvAda bhASA tIrthakara mahAvIrane isa anekAnta darzanake sAtha hI sAtha bhASA kI eka nirdoSa paddhati bhI btaaii| jaba choTI-bar3I sabhI vastue~ ananta dharma vAlI haiM aura hamArA jJAna unake eka hI aMza ko eka samayameM pakar3a sakatA hai, taba hamArI bhASA bhI sApekSa (kisI apekSA se) honI caahie| hama sirpha vastuke eka hI aMza ko jAnakara bhI 'vastu aisI ho hai' isa prakAra jo eka dRSTi ko sarva nizcayAtmakatA yA saMpUrNarUpatA dene vAle 'hI' kA prayoga karate haiM, vaha hamAre ahaMkAra aura asatya kA hI dyotaka hotA hai| jaba ki hameM sadA 'vastu aisI bhI hai' isa prakAra sApekSatAke dyotaka 'bhI' zabdake prayoga kI nirdoSa paddhati sIkhanI caahie| jaba eka hI vastu aneka dRSTikoNoMse dekhI jA sakatI hai, aura ve sabhI dRSTikoNa apanemeM satya hai taba eka daSTikoNa para 'hI' lagAkara bhAra dene kA matalaba yaha hotA hai ki re dRSTikoNoMse vaha dekhane lAyaka nahIM
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________________ 4 / viziSTa nibandha : 397 hai| kintu isake ulaTA 'bhI' zabda apane dRSTikoNa kI AMzika satyatA batAkara bhI dasare AMzika satyoM kA niSedha nahIM karatA / ataH samagra dRSTise vastu kA kathana karate samaya hameM isa durAgrahakArI 'hI' se bacakara samanvayakArI 'bhI' zabdake prayoga ko apanAnA hI hogaa| 'syAt' zabda isI 'bhI' kA pratinidhi hai| 'syAt' kA artha zAyada, saMbhava yA kadAcit nahIM hai| kintu yaha 'syAt' sunizcita dRSTikoNase AMzika satyatA ko batAtA hai| yaha hama mAnate haiM ki hara eka dRSTikoNa bhI apanI AMzika satyatA kA dAvA 'hI' zabdase kara sakatA hai, para saMpUrNa satyake lie to vaha 'bhI' hI kaha sakatA hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki syAdvAda bhASA saMzaya yA saMbhAvanA rUpa na hokara sunizcita dRSTikoNa yA AMzika satya ko nirNayAtmaka rUpase prakaTa karane vAlI eka ahiMsaka bhASA paddhati hai| isa taraha vicArameM anekAnta darzana, AcArameM ahiMsA, samAja racanAke lie acaurya aura aparigraha tathA ina sabake lie satya kI niSThA aura jIvana zuddhike lie brahmacarya yAnI indriyavijaya Adi dharma tIrtha kA pravartana mahAvIrane kiyaa| hamane paMcazIla kA jo udghoSa vizvazAntike lie kiyA hai, vaha mahAvIra jaise tIrthaMkaroM kI anekAnta dRSTi, samanvaya kI pravRtti aura ahiMsA kI pavitra bhUmikA para hI huA hai /