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________________ tattvArthavRtti : eka adhyayana * pro0 udayacandra jaina sarvadarzanAcArya, vArANasI AcArya gRddhapiccha aparanAma umAsvAmI dvArA viracita tattvArthasUtra jainaparamparAkA Adya sUtra grantha hai jo daza adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai / isa para sarvArtha siddhi tattvArthavArtika, tattvArtha zlokavArtika Adi aneka saMskRta TIkAoMkA nirmANa huA hai / unameM zrI zrutasAgarasUri viracita tattvArthavRtti bhI tattvArtha sUtrakI eka vizAla aura upayogI TIkA hai| yaha TIkA pahale aprakAzita thI / sampAdanakalA vizeSajJa sva0 DaoN0 mahendrakumAra nyAyAcAryaMne isakA vidvattApUrNa sampAdana kiyA aura bhAratIya jJAnapITha dvArA san 1949 meM jJAnapITha mUrtidevI jaina granthamAlA ke antargata isakA prakAzana huA / grantha nAma isa TIkAkA nAma tattvArthavRtti hai / zrutasAgarasUrine granthake prArambha meM " vakSye tattvArthavRtti nijavibhavatayA'haM zrutodanvadAkhyaH / " aisA likhakara spaSTa kara diyA hai ki isa granthakA nAma tattvArthavRtti hai / isake prathama adhyAya ke antameM Agata puSpikA vAkyameM - " tattvArthaTIkAyAM prathamo'dhyAyaH samAptaH / " aisA likhA hai / dvitIya adhyAya ke antameM jo puSpikA vAkya hai usameM likhA hai - "tAtparya saMjJAyAM tattvArthavRttI dvitIyaH pAdaH samAptaH / " aisA likhA hai| isI prakAra tRtIya Adi adhyAyoMke antameM bhI " tAtparyasaMjJAyAM tattvArthavRttI" aisA ullekha milatA hai uparilikhita puSpikA vAkyoMse aisA pratIta hotA hai ki tattvArthavRttike do nAma aura haiM- 'tattvArtha TIkA' aura tAtparya' / kintu zrutasAgarasUriko isakA nAma tattvArthavRtti hI abhISTa hai / isI kAraNa unhoMne granthake prAraMbhameM tathA antameM isakA tattvArthavRtti nAma hI likhA hai / granthake antakA ullekha isa prakAra hai- "eSA tattvArthavRttiH yavicAryate / " tattvArthasUtrakI TIkA honeke kAraNa isakA tattvArthaTIkA yaha eka sAdhAraNa nAma hai / tattvArtha sUtrake tAtparyako spaSTa karaneke kAraNa isako tAtparya saMjJaka tattvArthavRtti bhI kaha sakate haiN| phira bhI isakA vAstavika nAma tattvArthavRtti hI hai / yahA~ eka bAta vicAraNIya hai ki zrutasAgarasUrine prathama adhyAyake anta meM 'prathamo'dhyAyaH samAptaH ' aisA likhA hai / kintu dvitIya Adi nau adhyAyoMke anta meM 'dvitIyaH pAdaH samAptaH', 'tRtIyaH pAdaH samAptaH ' isa prakAra likhA hai / yahA~ yaha vicAraNIya hai ki lekhakane adhyAyake sthAnameM pAda zabdakA prayoga kyoM kiyA hai / kyoMki saba adhyAyoMke antameM ekasA prayoga honA cAhie / phira jaba daza adhyAya prAraMbha se hI pracalita taba adhyAyako pAda likhanA aTapaTAsA lagatA hai / nyAyasUtra, vaizeSika sUtra Adi anya darzanoMke sUtra granthoMmeM eka adhyAya meM kaI pAda hote haiM / ataH vahA~ 'prathame'dhyAye prathamaH pAdaH, ' 'dvitIyaH pAdaH' ityAdi prakAra se ullekha kiyA gayA hai jo ThIka hai / isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki adhyAya aura pAda alaga-alaga haiM / isalie arrant pAda likhanA ThIka pratIta nahIM hotA hai| phira bhI itanA nizcita hai ki tattvArthavRttike lekhakako pAda zabdase adhyAya hI iSTa hai / granthakArakA vyaktitva evaM kRtitva tattvArtha vRttike kartAkA nAma zrutasAgarasUri hai| ye digambara jaina muni honeke sAtha hI bahuzruta vidvAn the / yathArtha meM ve zrutake sAgara the / ve tarka, vyAkaraNa, chanda, alaMkAra, sAhityazAstra, dharmazAstra Adike jJAtA hone ke sAtha hI sarvArthasiddhi, tattvArtha rAjavArtika, tattvArthazlokavArtika, nyAyakumudacandra, prameyakamalamArtaNDa, aSTasahasrI Adi jainadarzanake tathA nyAya-vaizeSika Adi itara dArzanika granthoMke prakANDa paNDita the / unakA 3-1
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________________ 2: DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha jJAna kitanA vyApaka thA isakA patA tattvArthavRtti meM uddhRta vAkyoMse calatA hai / tattvArthavRttimeM jina aneka granthoMke zloka, gAthA tathA gadyAtmaka vAkya uddhata haiM unameMse kaI uddharaNa aise haiM jinake malagranthoMkA patA vidvAn sampAdakako bhI nahIM cala sakA hai / isase jJAta hotA hai ki unakA adhyayana aura jJAna kitanA vizAla thaa| zrutasAgarasUri mUlasaMghake balAtkAragaNameM vikramakI solahavIM zatAbdImeM hue haiM / inake gurukA nAma vidyAnandi thaa| zrutasAgarasUrine apaneko kalikAlasarvajJa , kalikAlagautama, vyAkaraNakamalamArtaNDa, tArkikaziromaNi, paramAgamapravINa, navanavatimahA-mahAvAdi vijetA Adi vizeSaNoMse alaMkRta kiyA hai| inhoMne tattvArthavRtti ke atirikta jina sahasranAmaTIkA, audArya cintAmaNi, vratakathAkoza, tattvatraya-prakAzikA Adi anya kaI granthoMkI racanA kI thii| tattvArthavRttikI vizeSatA ___ tattvArthavRtti tattvArthasUtrake tAtparyako spaSTa karanevAlI eka vistRta TIkA hai jo parimANameM sarvArthasiddhise bhI bar3I hai / aisA pratIta hotA hai jaise yaha sarvArthasiddhikI vyAkhyA ho / isameM pUjyapAdakRta sarvArthasiddhi grantha pUrAkA pUrA samAviSTa ho gayA hai| isameM sarvArthasiddhike aneka padoMkI vyAkhyA, sArthakatA, vizeSArtha Adi vipula mAtrAmeM upalabdha hote haiM / isake sAtha hI isameM sarvArthasiddhike satrAtmaka vAkyoMke abhiprAyako acchI tarahase udghATita kiyA gayA hai| ataH sarvArthasiddhiko samajhane meM isase bahuta sahAyatA milatI hai| __ yadyapi zrutasAgarasUri aneka zAstroMke prakANDa paNDita the phira bhI 'ko na vimuhyati zAstrasamudre' isa saktike anusAra unhoMne bhI tattvArthavRttimeM kucha galatiyAM kI haiM aura ina galatiyoMkA udghATana vidvAn sampAdakane prastAvanAmeM kiyA hai| jaise sUtra saMkhyA 9/5 kI vRttimeM AdAnanikSepasamitikA svarUpa batalAte hue likhA hai dharmopakaraNagrahaNavisarjane samyagavalokya mayUravarheNa tadabhAve vastrAdinA pratilikhya svIkaraNaM visarjanaJca samyagAdAnanikSepasamitibhavati / arthAt dharmake upakaraNoMko morako pIchI se, pIchIke abhAvameM vastra Adise acchI taraha jhAr3a poMchakara uThAnA aura rakhanA samyak AdAnanikSepasamiti hai| yahA~ zrutasAgarasUrine mayUrapicchake abhAvameM vastrAdike dvArA dharmopakaraNoMke pratilekhanakA jo vidhAna kiyA hai vaha digambara paramparAke anukUla nahIM hai / isI prakAra sUtra saMkhyA 9/47 meM Agata liMga zabdakI vyAkhyA karate hue likhA hai liGga dviprakAra dravyabhAvabhedAt / tatra paJcaprakArA api nirgranthA bhAvaliGgino bhavanti / dravyaliGga tu bhAjyam / tatkim ? kecidasamarthA maharSayaH zItakAlAdau kambalazabdavAcyaM kauzeyAdikaM gRhNanti, na tat prakSAlayanti, na sIvyanti, na prayatnAdikaM kurvanti, aparakAle pariharanti / keciccharore utpannadoSA lajjitatvAt tathA kurvantIti vyAkhyAnamArAdhanAbhagavatIproktAbhiprAyeNApavAdarUpaM jJAtavyam / ___ arthAt liMgake do bheda hai-dravyaliMga aura bhAvaliMga / pA~coM prakArake muniyoMmeM bhAvaliMga samAnarUpase pAyA jAtA hai| dravyaliMgakI apekSAse unameM kucha bheda pAyA jAtA hai| koI asamartha mani zItakAla AdimeM kambala Adi vastroMko grahaNa kara lete haiN| lekina usa vastrako na dhote haiM aura phaTa jAne para na sIte hai
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________________ 3 / kRtiyoMkI samIkSAe~ : 3 tathA kucha samaya bAda usako chor3a dete haiM / koI muni zarIrameM vikAra utpanna ho jAnese lajjAke kAraNa vastroMko grahaNa kara lete haiM / isa prakArakA vyAkhyAna bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM apavAdarUpase batalAyA hai / isa prakaraNa meM vidvAn sampAdakane likhA hai ki bhagavatI ArAdhanAkI aparAjita sUrikRta vijayoyA TIkA yaha apavAda mArga svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / kyoMki aparAjitasUri yApanIya saMghake AcArya the aura yapanIya AgamoMko pramANa mAnate the / parantu zrutasAgarasUri to kaTTara digambara the / ve kaise isa cakkara meM A gaye / isI prakAra sUtra saMkhyA 5 / 41, 8/2, 8/11, 9/1 ityAdi sUtroMkI vRttiyoMmeM bhI kula galatiyA~ vidyamAna haiN| phira bhI tattvArthavRtti atyanta pANDityapUrNa aura bahuta hI upayogI bRhadAkAra racanA hai / isakA parimANa 9000 zloka pramANa hai / supara rAyala sAijake 328 pRSThoMmeM isakA mudraNa huA hai / saMskRta TIkA ke bAda 183 pRSThoM meM isakA hindI sAra bhI mudrita hai jise zrI udayacandra jena sarvadarzanAcAryane likhA hai / isameM tattvArtha sUtra para zrutasAgarasUrikA jo vivecana hai vaha prAyaH pUrA saMgRhIta hai aura saMskRta na jAnane vAloMke lie yaha hindI sAra bahuta hI upayogI hai / granthake anta meM 65 pRSThoMmeM 6 upayogI pariziSTa diye gaye haiM / isa prakAra supara rAyala sAijameM mudrita tattvArthavRttikI kula pRSTha saMkhyA 650 hai / aba yahA~ "bharatairAvatayovRddhihrAso SaTsamayAbhyAmutsarpiNyavasarpiNIbhyAm / " 3 / 27 / isa sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM ullikhita kucha vizeSa bAtoM para vicAra karanA Avazyaka pratIta ho rahA hai / zrutasAgarasUrine avasarpiNI kAlake varNanameM kucha vizeSa bAteM batalAI haiM jo isa prakAra haiMavasarpiNyAstRtIyakAle palyasyASTama bhAge sthite sati SoDazakulakarA utpadyante / tatra SoDazakulakareSu madhye paJcadazakulakarANAmaSTama eva bhAge vipattirbhavati / SoDazastu kulakaraH utpadyate aSTama eva bhAge vinAzastu tasya caturthekAle bhavati / paJcadaza kulakarastorthaMkaraH / tatputraH SoDazakulakarazcakravartI bhavati / tau dvAvapi caturazItilakSapUrvajIvitau / caturthakAle trayoviMzatistIrthaMkarA utpadyante nirvAnti ca / ekAdaza cakravartinaH nava balabhadrAH nava vAsudevAH nava prativAsudevA utpadyante / ekAdazarudrA nava nAradAzca utpadyante / arthAt avasarpiNIke tRtIyakAlameM AThavAM bhAga zeSa rahane para 16 kulakara utpanna hote / 16 kulakaroMmeM se 15 kI AThaveM bhAga meM hI mRtyu ho jAtI hai / solahavAM kulakara AThaveM bhAgameM hI utpanna hotA hai kintu usakI mRtyu caturtha kAla meM hotI hai / pandrahavAM kulakara tIrthaMkara hotA hai aura solahavAM kulakara usakA putra cakravartI hotA hai / una donoMkI Ayu caurAsI lAkha pUrvakI hotI hai / cauthe kAlameM teIsa tIrthaMkara utpanna hote haiM aura nirvANako prApta hote haiM / caturthakAlameM 11 cakravartI, 9 balabhadra, 9 vAsudeva aura 9 prativAsudeva utpanna hote haiM / 11 rudra aura 9 nArada bhI isa kAlameM utpanna hote haiM / aba utsarpirNI kAlakI jina vizeSatAoMko zrutasAgarasUrine batalAyA hai unako dekhie utsarpiNyA: dvitIyasya kAlasyAnte varSasahasrAvazeSe sthite sati caturdazakulakarA utpadyante / tadvarSasahasramadhye trayodazAnAM vinAzo bhavati / caturdaza kulakara utpadyate / tadvarSasahasramadhye vipadyate tu tRtIyakAlamadhye | tasya caturdazasya kulakarasya putrastIrthaMkaro bhavati / tasya tIrthaMkarasya putrazcakravartI bhavati / tadvayasyApyutpattistRtIyakAle bhavati / asminneva kAle zalAkAH puruSA utpadyante / arthAt utsarpiNIke dvitIya kAlake antameM eka hajAra zeSa rahane para caudaha kulakara utpanna hote haiM / teraha kulakara dvitIya kAlameM hI utpanna hote haiM aura marate bhI dvitIya kAlameM hI haiM / lekina caudahavAM kulakara utpanna to dvitIya kAlameM hI hotA hai kintu maratA tRtIya kAlameM hai| caudahaveM kulakara kA putra tIrthaMkara
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________________ 4 : DaoN0 mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti grantha hotA hai aura usa tIrthaMkara kA putra cakravartI hotA hai ina donoMkI utpatti tRtIya kAlameM hotI hai / isI kAla meM 63 zalAkA puruSa utpanna hote haiM / 24 torthaMkara, 12 cakravartI, 9 balabhadra, 9 nArAyaNa, aura 9 prati nArAyaNa ye 63 zalAkA puruSa kahalAte haiM / aba mujhe yahA~ uparyukta kathana ke AdhArase cAra bAtoM para vicAra karanA hai| unameMse pahalI vicAraNIya bAta yaha hai ki zrutasAgarasUri ke anusAra avasarpiNI kAlameM 16 kulakara hote haiM aura utsarpiNI kAlameM 14 kulakara hote / aisA kyoM hotA hai / donoM kAloMmeM kulakaroMkI saMkhyA eka samAna honA cAhiye / jaise ki tIrthaMkaroM, cakravartiyoM AdikI saMkhyA sadA eka samAna rahatI hai / pratyeka kAlameM tIrthaMkara 24 hI hote haiM / kabhI 23 hoM aura kabhI 25 hoM aisA nahIM hotA hai / AdipurANa, padmapurANa Adi granthoMmeM bhI isa avasarpiNI kAlameM kulakara 14 hI batalAye gaye haiM / aura caudahaveM tathA antima kulakara nAbhirAya the / yahA~ yaha vicAraNIya hai ki avasarpiNo kAlameM 16 kulakaroMkI mAnyatA zrutasAgarasUrikI apanI hai yA usakA koI AdhAra rahA hai / dvitIya vicAraNIya bAta yaha hai ki avasarpiNI kAlameM prathama tIrthaMkarakI utpatti kisa kAlameM hotI hai ? tRtIya kAlameM yA caturtha kAlameM ? zrutasAgarasUrike kathanase aisA pratIta hotA hai ki pratyeka avasarpiNIke tRtIya kAlameM prathama tIrthaMkarakA janma hotA hai / yadi unakI aisA mAnyatA hai to vaha galata hai / sAmAnya niyama yaha hai ki pratyeka avasarpiNI kAlake caturtha kAlameM 24 tIrthaMkara hote haiM aura pratyeka utsarpiNI kAlake tRtIya kAlameM 24 tIrthaMkara hote haiM / vartamAna avasarpiNI kAla isakA apavAda avazya hai / isa avasarpiNI kAlake tRtIya kAlameM prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhanAthakA janma avazya huA hai, kintu sadA aisA nahIM hotA hai / isa bAra aisA kyoM huA isakA vizeSa kAraNa hai aura vaha kAraNa hai huNDAvasarpiNI kAla / yaha kAlakA eka doSa hai / isa doSa ke kAraNa kabhI kucha aisI bAteM hotI haiM jo sAmAnyarUpase sadA nahIM hotIM / jaise isa avasarpiNI kAlake tRtIya kAlake antameM prathama tIrthaMkarakA janma honA / tIrthaMkarake putrIkA janma nahIM hotA hai / kintu kAla doSake kAraNa RSabhanAtha ke do putriyA~ brAhmI aura sundarI huIM / yaha saba huNDAvasarpiNI kAlakA prabhAva hai / huNDAvasarpiNI kAlameM kauna-kaunasI vizeSa bAteM hotI haiM isakA varNana tiloyapaNNattIke caturtha adhyAyameM kiyA gayA hai / kintu zrutasAgarasUrine huNDAvasarpiNI kAlakA ullekha kahIM bhI nahIM kiyA hai / yahA~ yaha smaraNIya hai ki asaMkhyAta utsarpiNI aura avasarpiNI kAloMke bIta jAne para eka bAra huNDAvasarpiNI kAla AtA hai / yahA~ tIsarI vicAraNIya bAta yaha hai ki zrutasAgarasUrine avasarpiNI kAlake prathama tIrthaMkarako kulakara mAnA hai kintu utsarpiNI kAlake prathama tIrthaMkarako kulakara nahIM mAnA / aisA kyoM mAnA hai yaha samajha meM nahIM A rahA hai / avasarpiNI kAlake prathama tIrthaMkarako kulakara mAnanekA kyA hetu hai ? kulakara to eka prakArake rAjA sadRza hote haiM / kahA~ tIrthaMkarapanA ? aura kahA~ kulakarapanA ? donoMmeM bar3A antara hai / cauthI vicAraNIya bAta yaha hai ki zrutasAgarasUrine avasarpiNI kAlameM 63 zalAkA puruSoMke atirikta 9 nArada tathA 11 rudra bhI mAne haiM / kintu utsarpiNI kAlameM kevala 63 zalAkA puruSa mAne haiM / isa kAla meM 9 nArada tathA 11 rudroMko nahIM mAnA hai / unhoMne aisA apane manase mAnA hai yA isa mAnyatAkA bhI kucha AdhAra rahA hai / maiM yahA~ eka aura bAta para vicAra karanA cAhatA hU~ / dhyAna deM tRtIya adhyAya ke pUrvokta sUtrakI vRttiko dhyAnapUrvaka par3hanese jJAta hotA hai ki vartamAna avasarpiNI kAlake RSabhAdi caubIsa tIrthaMkaroMke bAda Age utsarpiNI kAlameM jo caubIsa tIrthaMkara hoMge ve 84 hajAra varSake bAda hoMge / 84 hajAra varSakI gaNanA isa prakAra hai
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________________ 3 / kRtiyoMkI samIkSAe~ :5 avasarpiNIkA paMcamakAla ( 21 hajAra varSa ) chaThA kAla ( 21 hajAra varSa ) phira utsarpiNIkA prathama kAla ( 21 hajAra varSa ) dvitIyakAla ( 21 hajAra varSa) ataH 21 + 21 + 21 + 21%3D84 hajAra varSa hue / itanA kAla bIta jAnepara utsarpiNIke tRtIya kAlameM 24 tIrthaMkara hoNge| aba avasarpiNI kAlake 24 tIrthakara kitane kAlake bAda hoMge isapara vicAra kIjie / utsarpiNIkA caturthakAla ( 2 kor3Akor3I sAgara ) paMcama kAla ( 3 koDAkor3I sAgara ) chaThA kAla ( 4 kor3Akor3I saagr)| phira avasarpiNIkA prathama kAla ( 4 kor3Akor3I sAgara ) dvitIya kAla ( 3 koDAkor3I sAgara) tRtIya kAla (2 kor3Akor3I sAgara ) isa prakAra 2+3+4+4+3+2%18 koDAkor3I sAgara hue / ataH 18 koDAkor3I sAgara pramANa kAla bIta jAnepara avasarpiNI kAlake caturthakAlameM 24 tIrthakara hoMge / ukta vivaraNase yaha siddha hotA hai ki utsarpiNI kAlake tRtIya kAlameM honevAle tIrthakara alpakAla ( kevala 84 hajAra varSa ) ke bAda hote haiM kintu avasarpiNI kAlake caturtha kAlameM hone vAle 24 tIrthaMkara bahuta kAla ( 18 kor3Akor3I sAgara ) ke bAda hote haiM / arthAt pratyeka utsarpiNIke tRtIya kAlameM honevAlI caubIsI 84 hajAra varSa bAda aura pratyeka avasarpiNIke caturtha kAlameM honevAlI caubIsI 18 koDAkor3I sAgara pramANa kAlake bAda hotI hai / yahA~ yaha samajhameM nahIM A rahA hai ki eka caubIsIke bAda dUsarI caubIsI ke hone meM kabhI bahuta kama kAlakA antara aura kabhI bahuta adhika kAlakA antara kyoM hotA hai ? isa viSayameM zAyada yaha uttara diyA jA sakatA hai vastu sthiti athavA kAla vyavasthAke kAraNa aisA hotA hai| phira bhI do caubIsIke bIca meM kAlakA kahIM bahuta kama aura kahIM bahuta adhika antarAla kucha vicitrasA lagatA hai| kahA~ 84 hajAra varSa ? aura kahA~ 18 koDAkor3I sAgara? ina donoMmeM kitanA mahAn antara hai| sampAdana kI vizeSatA tattvArthavRttike sampAdaka DaoN0 mahendra kumAra nyAyAcArya jainadarzana, bauddhadarzana tathA anya darzanoMke prakANDa vidvAn the / unhoMne sarvazrI paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI, paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrI tathA dalasukhajI mAlavaNiyA Adi uccakoTike vidvAnoMke sAtha ghaniSTha sambandha honeke kAraNa sampAdana kArya meM acchI yogyatA prApta kara lI thI / yahI kAraNa hai ki unhoMne siddhivinizcaya, nyAyavinizcaya, tattvArtha rAjavArtika, nyAyakumudacandra, prameyakamalamArtaNDa, SaDdarzanasamuccaya Adi aneka granthoMkA zodhapUrNa sampAdana kiyA hai / yaha to sampAdaka hI jAnatA hai ki zodhapUrNa sampAdana karane meM use kitanA parizrama karanA par3atA hai| vidvAn sampAdakane tattvArthavRttikA sampAdana cAra kAgajakI tathA eka tAr3apatrIya pANDulipiyoMke AdhArapara kiyA hai / isameM banArasa, ArA aura dillIse prApta prAcIna kAgajakI cAra pANDulipiyoM (pratiyoM) kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai| kintu mUDabidrIse prApta tAr3apatrIya pratike AdhArase hI tattvArthavRttikA zuddha saMskaraNa sampAdita ho sakA hai| yahA~ yaha smaraNIya hai ki digambara vAGmayake zuddha sampAdanameM tAr3apatrIya pratiyA~ bahuta hI upayogI siddha haI haiN| isa prakAra ukta pA~ca pratiyoMke AdhArase tattvArthavattikA sampAdana kiyA gayA hai / mUDabidrI jaina maThakI prati kannar3a lipimeM hai aura zuddha hai| tathA usameM kucha TippaNa bhI upalabdha hae haiN| una TippaNoMko 'tA. Ti0' ke sAtha chapAyA gayA hai| kucha arthabodhaka TippaNa bhI likhe gaye haiN| prastAvanA sampAdita granthakI prastAvanA sampAdanakA hI aMga hotI hai| yathArtha meM prastAvanAke dvArA hI sampAdaka kI vidvattA, vicArazailI, grantha samIkSA AdikA paricaya milatA hai| vidvAna sampAdakane 93 pRSThoMkI vistRta prastAvanA likhI hai jo paThanIya aura mananIya hai| kucha gambhIra viSayoMpara apane svatantra, tarkapUrNa aura nirbhIka vicAra prastuta karane meM bhI unhoMne koI saMkoca nahIM kiyA hai|
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________________ 6 : DaoN0 mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti grantha prastAvanA meM sarvaprathama bhagavAn mahAvIrake samakAlIna 6 pramukha tIrthanAyakoMke matoMpara vicAra kiyA gayA hai / unake nAma tathA mata isa prakAra haiM- (1) ajitakezakambali ( bhautikavAda, ucchedavAda ) (2) makkha ligozAla ( niyatavAda ) (3) pUraNakazyapa ( akriyAvAda ( 4 ) prakrudhakAtyAyana ( kUTastha nityavAda ) (5) saMjaya belaTThaputta ( saMzayavAda ) ( 6 ) gautamabuddha ( avyAkRtavAda, anAtmavAda ) / isake bAda sampAdakane bhagavAn mahAvIrake viSaya meM batalAyA hai ki ve na to anizcayavAdI the, na avyAkRtavAdI aura na bhUtavAdI / yathArtha meM ve anekAntavAdI aura syAdvAdI the / unhoMne batalAyA thA ki na to koI dravya nayA utpanna hotA hai aura na usakA sarvathA vinAza hotA hai / kintu pratyeka dravyameM pratikSaNa parivartana avazya hotA rahatA hai| kyoMki usakA yahI svabhAva hai| mahAvIrane kahA thA - "uppannei vA vigamei vA dhuvei vA " - arthAt pratyeka padArtha utpanna hotA hai, vinaSTa hotA hai aura dhruva hai / isake atirikta mahAvIrane pratyeka vastuko anantadharmAtmaka batalAyA hai / tadanantara bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA pratipAdita jIva, ajIva, Asrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa ina sAta tattvoMkA vistArase vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isa sAta tatvoMkA zraddhAna aura jJAna mumukSuke lie Avazyaka hai / isI prakaraNameM buddhake anAtmavAdakA yuktipUrvaka nirAkaraNa karake jainadarzana sammata AtmAkA svarUpa usake bheda Adike viSaya meM acchA prakAza DAlA gayA hai / sAta tattvoM ke vivecanake bAda sampAdakane samyagdarzanake viSayameM aneka zIrSakoMke vistArase vicAra kiyA hai / yathA- samyagdarzanakA samyagdarzana samyagdarzanakA yarthArtha svarUpa batalAne ke bAda sampAdakane likhA hai samyagdarzanake antaraMga svarUpakI jagaha Aja bAharI pUjA-pAThane le lI hai / jo mahAvIra aura padmaprabhu vItarAgatA ke pratIka the Aja unakI pUjA vyApAra-lAbha, putraprApti, bhUtabAdhA zAnti jaisI kSudrakAmanAoM kI pUrti ke lie hI kI jAne lagI hai / inake mandiroM meM zAsanA devatA sthApita hue haiM aura unakI pUjA aura bhaktine hI mukhya sthAna prApta kara liyA hai / aura yaha saba ho rahA hai samyagdarzanake pavitra nAma para / paramparAkA samyagdarzana yahA~ batalAyA gayA hai ki prAcIna honese ho koI vicAra acchA yA navIna honese hI koI vicAra burA nahIM kahA jA sakatA / kintu jo samIcIna ho vahI grAhya hotA hai / sabhI purAnA acchA aura sabhI nayA burA nahIM ho sakatA hai / ataH buddhimAn loga parIkSA karake unameMse jo samIcIna hotA hai usako grahaNa kara lete haiM / ataH prAcInatAke mohako chor3akara samIcInatAkI ora dRSTi rakhanA Avazyaka hai| kyoMki isa prAcInatA mohane aneka andhavizvAsoM aura kurUr3hiyoMko janma diyA hai / saMskRtikA samyagdarzana isameM batalAyA gayA hai ki manuSya eka sAmAjika prANI hai / baccA jaba utpanna hotA hai usa samaya vaha bahuta kama saMskAroM ko lekara AtA hai aura usakA 99 pratizata vikAsa mAtA-pitAke saMskAroMke anusAra hotA hai / yadi kisI cANDAlakA bAlaka brAhmaNake yahA~ pale to usameM bahuta kucha saMskAra brAhmaNoMke A jAte haiM / tAtparya yaha hai ki nUtana pIr3hI ke lie mAtA-pitA ho bahuta kucha uttaradAyI hote haiM / Aja saMskRtikI rakSA ke nAmapara loga samAjameM aneka prakArake anartha karate rahate haiM / ataH sabase pahale jaina saMskRtike svarUpa ko jAnanA Avazyaka hai| kyoMki jaina saMskRtine AtmA ke adhikAra aura svarUpakI ora hamArA dhyAna dilAyA hai aura kahA hai ki saMskRti kA samyagdarzana hue binA AtmA karmabandhanase mukta nahIM ho sakatA hai /
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________________ 3 / kRtiyoMkI samIkSAe~ :7 adhyAtma aura niyativAdakA samyagdarzana isameM batalAyA gayA hai ki jagata meM jo sata hai usakA sarvathA vinAza nahIM ho sakatA aura sarvathA naye kisI asatkA sadrUpameM utpAda nahIM ho sktaa| jIva, pudgala Adi jo chaha maulika dravya haiM inameM se na to koI dravya kama ho sakatA hai aura na koI nayA dravya utpanna hokara isakI saMkhyAmeM vRddhi kara sakatA hai| pratyeka dravya pariNAmI nitya hai| dravyagata mala svabhAvakI apekSA pratyeka dravyake apane pariNamana niyata haiN| jainadarzanakI dRSTise dravyagata zaktiyA~ niyata haiM, para unake pratikSaNake pariNamana aniyata haiN| isa prakaraNameM sampAdakane niyativAdakA nirbhayatApUrvaka khaNDana kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM-"jo honA hogA vaha hogA hI, isameM hamArA kucha bhI puruSArtha kAma nahIM karatA hai|" isa prakArake niyativAda sambandhI vicAra jainatattvasthitike pratikUla haiN| niyativAda dRSTiviSa hai| 'IzvarakI marjI', 'vidhikA vidhAna' ityAdi prakArake zabdoMkA prayoga puruSArthakI mahattAko kama kara dete haiN| niyativAdakA kAlakUTa IzvaravAdase bhI bhayaMkara hai / niyativAdameM puNya aura pApakI vyavasthA bhI nahIM bana sakatI hai| jaba pratyeka jIvakA prati samayakA pariNamana nizcita hai taba kyA puNya aura kyA pApa / aisA kyoM huA? niyativAdameM isa praznakA eka hI uttara hai-aisA hI honA thA, jo honA hogA so hogA hii|" niyativAdameM puruSArthakA koI sthAna nahIM hai| ityAdi prakArase saMpAdakane niyativAdake sambandhameM vistArase jo pratipAdana kiyA hai vaha cintanake yogya hai| nizcaya aura vyavahArakA samyagdarzana yahA~ batalAyA gayA hai ki nizcayanaya paranirapekSa AtmasvarUpako batalAtA hai| usakI dRSTi vItarAgatApara rahatI hai| nizcayanaya jahA~ mala dravya svabhAvako viSaya karatA hai vahA~ vyavahAranaya parasApekSa paryAya ko viSaya karatA hai| nizcayanaya bhUtArtha hai aura vyavahAranaya abhatArtha hai / mUla dravyadRSTise sabhI AtmAoM sthiti eka prakAra kI hai| zaddha dravyasvarUpa upAdeya hai yahI nizcayanaya kI bhUtArthatA hai| vyavahAranayakI abhatArthatA itanI hI hai ki vaha jina vibhAva pryaayoko viSaya karatA hai ve vibhAva paryAyeM heya haiM, upAdeya nhiiN| paranirapekSa dravyasvarUpa aura paranirapekSa paryAya nizcayanayake viSaya hai aura parasApekSa pariNamana vyavahAranayake viSaya hai| paralokakA samyagdarzana yahA~ batalAyA gayA hai ki jaba AtmA eka sthUla zarIrako chor3akara anya sthUla zarIrako dhAraNa karatA hai to vaha paraloka kahalAtA hai| paralokakA artha manuSyagati, tiryaJcagati, narakagati aura devagati ina cAra gatiyoMse hai| naraka atyanta duHkhake sthAna haiM aura svarga sAMsArika abhyudayake sthAna haiM / inameM manuSya kucha bhI parivartana nahIM kara sakatA hai kintu manuSyake lie marakara utpanna honeke do sthAna to aise haiM jinheM manuSya isI janmameM sudhAra sakatA hai| ye sthAna haiM manuSyayoni aura pazuyoni / ataH Adhe paralokakA sudhAranA hamAre hAthameM hai / hameM manuSya samAja aura pazu samAjako isa yogya banA lenA cAhie ki yadi inameM punaH janma lenA par3e to anukUla vAtAvaraNa to mila jAya / paralokakA artha dUsare loga bhI hotA hai / ataH paralokake sudhArakA artha mAnava samAjakA sudhAra bhI hotA hai| isake atirikta paralokakA artha hamArI santati aura ziSya paramparA bhI ho sakatA hai| isalie paraloka sudhAranekA artha hai apanI santAna aura ziSya paramparAko sudhAranA / isa prakAra paralokake sudhArake lie hameM paralokake samyagdarzanakI AvazyakatA hai| karma siddhAntakA samyagdarzana yahA~ yaha batalAyA gayA hai ki jainadarzanake anusAra pratyeka jIva svatantra hai| aura vaha svayaM apane bhAgyakA vidhAtA hai / apane karmakA kartA aura usake phalakA bhoktA bhI vahI hai / kintu anAdi se karma para
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________________ 8 : DaoN0 mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti grantha tantra honeke kAraNa vaha apane svabhAvako bhUlA huA hai / isa kAraNa vaha kisI Apattike Anepara 'karamagati TAlI nAhi Tala', 'vidhikA vidhAna aisA hI hai', 'bhavitavyatA durnivAra hai' ityAdi vAkyoMkA prayoga karatA hai / yaha to vahI huA ki jaba jainadarzanane IzvarakI dAsatAse mukti dilAI to karmakI dAsatA svIkAra kara lI / yathArthameM karmakI gati aTala nahIM hai / use hama apane puruSArthase TAla sakate haiM / udIraNA, saMkramaNa, utkarSaNa, apakarSaNa Adi karmakI vividha avasthAyeM hamAre puruSArtha ke adhIna haiM / ataH karmakA samyagdarzana karake hameM apane anukUla satpuruSArtha meM laga jAnA caahie| vahI puruSArthaM sat kahalAtA hai jo AtmakalyANakA sAdhaka hotA hai / zAstrakA samyagdarzana isa prakaraNa meM yaha batalAyA gayA hai ki vaidika paramparA dharma aura adharmakI vyavasthA ke lie vedako pramANa mAnatI hai tathA dharmakA jJAna kevala vedake dvArA hI mAnatI hai / kintu jaina paramparAne kevala zAstra honeke kAraNa hI kisI zAstrakI pramANatA svIkAra nahIM kI hai / yahA~ to usI zAstrako pramANa mAnA gayA hai| jisakA praNayana sarvajJa aura vItarAga puruSa dvArA huA ho / vartamAna meM aneka aise zAstra pracalita jinakA mUla-paramparA se mela nahIM khAtA hai / vahI zAstra pramANa haiM jisameM hamArI mUlaparamparAse virodha na AtA ho / ataH hameM yaha viveka to karanA hI hogA ki isa zAstrakA pratipAdya viSaya mUlaparamparAke anusAra hai yA nahIM / tAtparya yaha hai ki mAtra zAstra honeke kAraNa hI koI grantha pramANa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai / isaprakAra zAstra viSayaka samyagdarzanake dvArA hameM yaha jAnanA cAhie ki isa zAstrameM kisa yugameM kisa pAtrake lie kisa vivakSAse kyA bAta likhI gaI hai / yahI zAstrakA samyagdarzana hai / tattvAdhigamake upAya isa prakaraNa meM pramANa, naya aura nikSepakA acchI tarahase svarUpa, bheda Adi samajhAkara jainadarzana sammata syAdvAda ke viSaya meM vistArase vicAra kiyA gayA hai / yaha draSTavya hai ki syAdvAda meM jo 'syAt' zabda hai vaha eka nizcita avasthAko batalAtA hai / syAtkA artha na to saMzaya hai, na saMbhAvanA, na anizcaya aura na kadAcit / zaMkarAcAryane zAMkarabhASya meM syAdvAdako saMzayarUpa likhA hai / isIke anusAra vartamAnameM aneka vidvAn syAdvAdako saMzayAdirUpa mAnate haiM / ataH vidvAn sampAdakane mahApaNDita rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, AcArya baladeva upAdhyAya, DaoN0 sampUrNAnanda, DaoN0 devarAja Adi vidvAnoMke syAdvAda sambandhI mantavyoMkI yuktipUrvaka samIkSA karake jainadarzana sammata syAdvAdake svarUpako pUrNarUpa se spaSTa kiyA hai aura usameM saMzaya, virodha Adi doSoMkA nirAkaraNa bhI kiyA hai / lokavarNana aura bhUgola isa prakaraNa meM yaha batalAyA gayA hai ki jisaprakAra apane siddhAntoM aura tattvoMke svatantra pratipAdana ke kAraNa jainadharma aura jainadarzanakA bhAratavarSa meM svatantra sthAna hai usa prakAra jaina bhUgola aura jaina khagolakA svatantra sthAna nahIM hai / yathArtha bAta yaha hai ki bhUgola kabhI sthira nahIM rahatA hai / vaha to kaI kAraNoM se kAlakramase badalatA rahatA hai / jaina zAstroMmeM bhUgola aura khagolakA jo varNana milatA hai usakI paramparA lagabhaga tIna hajAra varSa purAnI hai / prAyaH yahI paramparA anya sampradAyoMke granthoMmeM bhI pAI jAtI hai / jaina, bauddha aura vaidika tInoM paramparAoMke bhUgola aura khagola sambandhI varNana lagabhaga eka jaise haiM / ' sabameM jambUdvIpa, videha, devakuru, uttarakuru, sumeru Adi nAma pAye jAte haiM aura lAkhoM yojanakI ginatI bhI pAyI jAtI hai / niSkarSa yaha hai ki bhUgola aura khagolakI jo paramparA paripATIse jainAcAryoMko milI use unhoMne
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________________ 3 / kRtiyoMko samIkSAe~ : 9 zAstroMmeM likha diyA hai / jaina paramparAko tattvArthasUtrake tRtIya aura caturtha adhyAyameM nibaddha kiyA gayA hai / bauddha paramparA bhUgola aura khagolale sambandhameM jo bauddha paramparA hai, abhidharmakozake AdhArase usakA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai bauddha paramparAmeM cAra dvIpa hai-jambUdvIpa, pUrvavideha, avaragodAnIya aura uttarakuru / cAroM dvIpoMke madhyameM deha, videha ATha antara dvIpa hai| yahA~ avIci, pratApana, tapana, mahAraurava, raurava, saMghAta, kAlasUtra aura saMjIvaka ye ATha naraka haiN| svargalokameM mahArAjika, vyAyastriMza Adi kaI prakArake deva batalAye gaye hai| mahArAjika aura vyAyastriMza jAtike deva manuSyoMke samAna kAmasevana karate haiN| yAmadeva AliMganase, tuSita deva pANisaMyogase, nirmANarati deva hAsyase aura parinirmitavazavartI deva avalokanase kAma sukhakA anubhava karate haiM / isa kAma sevanakI tulanA tattvArthasUtrake nimnalikhita sUtroMse kIjie-kAyapravIcArA A aizAnAt / 4/7 zeSAH sparzarUpazabdamanaH pravIcArAH / 4/8 / vaidikaparamparA yahA~ bhagola aura khagola sambandhI paramparAkA tIna AdhAroMse varNana kiyA gayA hai / eka AdhAra hai yogadarzanakA vyAsa bhASya, dusarA AdhAra hai viSNupurANa aura tIsarA AdhAra hai zrImadbhAgavata purANa / ina tInoMmeM prAyaH eka samAna varNana hai| kahIM kucha bhinnatA bhI dRSTigocara hotI hai / isa paramparAmeM bhUloka, antarikSaloka, svargaloka, pAtAlaloka Adi sAta loka haiM / bhalokapara jambU, plakSa, zAtmali, kuza, krauJca, zAka aura puSkara ye sAta dvIpa haiM / ye dvIpa lavaNa, ikSu, surA, ghRta, dadhi, dugdha aura jala ina sAta samudroMse ghire hue haiM / jambUdvIpake madhyameM suvarNamaya meruparvata hai jo 84 hajAra yojana U~cA hai / meruke dakSiNameM bhArata, kimpuruSa aura harivarSa ye tIna kSetra hai / tathA uttarameM ramyaka, hiraNyamaya aura uttarakuru ye tIna kSetra haiN| samadrake uttarameM tathA himAlayake dakSiNameM bhArata kSetra hai / puSkaradvIpake bIcameM mAnuSottara parvata sthita hai| isa dvIpameM mahAvIra aura dhAtakIkhaNDa ye do kSetra haiN| vaidika paramparAmeM svargalokake mAhendraloka, brahmaloka Adi pAMca bheda haiN| yogadarzanake anusAra avIci, mahAkAla, ambarISa, raurava, mahAraurava, kAlasUtra aura andhatAmisra ye sAta naraka haiM / kintu zrImadbhAgavatapurANake anusAra tAmisra, andhatAmisra, raurava mahAraurava, kAlasUtra, andhakUpa, kuMbhapIka Adi aTThAIsa naraka hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jaina, bauddha aura vaidika-ina tInoM paramparAoMmeM dvIpoM, samudroM, svargoM aura narakoMkA varNana pAyA jAtA hai / inakI saMkhyAmeM avazya bheda hai / kintu jainadarzanakI paramparAne hI asaMkhyAta dvIpa aura samudra mAne hai; anya kisI paramparAne nhiiN| isakA kAraNa kyA hai yaha vicAraNIya viSaya hai / yaha sabhIne mAnA hai ki sarya aura candramA nirantara merukI pradakSiNA karate rahate haiN| saMbhavataH isa mAnyatAkA AdhAra prAcIna paramparA hai / parantu Adhunika vijJAnake anasAra isa paramparAkA koI mela nahIM baiThatA hai| phira bhI jaina, bauddha aura vaidika ina tInoM paramparAoMke bhagola aura khagolake tulanAtmaka adhyayanase yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki Ajase lagabhaga tIna hajAra varSa pahale bhagola aura khagolake sambandhameM lagabhaga eka jaisI anuzrutiyA~ pracalita thiiN| prastAvanAke antameM vidvAna sampAdaka mahodayane grantha aura granthakArake sambandhameM vistArase samIkSAtmaka vivecana prastuta kiyA hai / 3-2