Page #1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ akalaMkadeva viracita tattvArthavArtika kA sampAdana-kArya : eka samIkSA * DaoN0 phUlacanda jaina premI, vArANasI sampUrNa bhAratIya vAGmayakI gauravavRddhi meM jahA~ jaina vAGmayakA apratima yogadAna hai, vahIM isa mahattvapUrNa apUrva vizAla jaina sAhityake sRjanameM sahasroM AcAryoM, vidvAnoM Adi manISiyoMkI dIrghakAlase calI A rahI lambI paramparAkA jaba smaraNa karate haiM, to hamArA hRdaya unake prati kRtajJatAse gadgada ho jAtA hai / usa samayakI vividha kaThina, pratikUla paristhitiyA~, aneka upasargoM, vipula kaSToMkA sadbhAva aura Aja jaisI sukha-suvidhAoM, anukUlatAoMkA usa samaya sarvathA abhAva hone ke bAvajUda itane vizAla sRjanAtmaka sAhityanirmANake mahAn uddezyako dekhate haiM to anubhava hotA hai ki unheM mAtra isa dezakI hI nahIM, apitu sampUrNa vizvake kalyANakI kitanI utkaTa abhilASAne unheM sAhitya-sRjanakI preraNA dI hogii| prastuta prasaMgameM hama yahA~ usa laMbI paramparAkI nahIM, apitu bIsavIM zatIke mAtra usa mahAn sapUtake kRtitvakI carcA kara rahe haiM jisane bundelakhaNDakI khuraI (sAgara jilA) nagarImeM san 1911 meM janma lekara 20 I 1959 takake mAtra 48 varSoMke jIvana meM jainadharma-darzana, nyAya tathA anyAnya vidhAoMke aise aneka prAcIna, durUha, durlabha aura kliSTa granthoMkA sampAdana karake uddhAra kiyA, jinameM sampUrNa bhAratIya manISAke tathya samAhita hai| aise ve mahAmanISI vidyAnagarI vArANasIke sva0 DaoN050 mahendrakumArajI nyAyAcArya, jinhoMne sAtavIM zatIke mahAn jaina tArkika AcArya akalaMkadevake prAyaH sampUrNa vAGmaya aura usapara likhita vyAkhyA sAhityakA vaijJAnika DhaMgase zreSTha sampAdana kArya karake AcArya akalaMkadevake sAhitya uddhArakartA vizeSa pahacAna banAI hai| vastutaH isa bIsavIM zatIke Arambhika chaha-sAta dazakoMkA samaya hI aisA thA, jabaki bahumalya durlabha jaina-sAhityake punaruddhArakI kaThina jummedArIkA alaga-alaga kSetroM evaM viSayoMmeM bIr3A uThAkara jaina vidvAnoMne apanI alaga-alaga vizeSa pahacAna banAI hai| jaise-AcArya nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI viracita gommaTasArake adhyayana-adhyApana aura svAdhyAyakI paramparAko punaH lokapriya banAnekA pramukha zreya guruNAM guru paM0 gopAladAsa jI varaiyAko hai / prAkRta, saMskRta, apabhraza aura hindoke aneka zAstroMkA zAstra-bhaNDAroMse khojabIna evaM unakA ucita malyAMkana karake ina bhASAoMke aneka zAstroMke uddhArakartA evaM jaina sAhityake itihAsa-lekhakake rUpameM paM0 nAthUrAmajI premIne sampUrNa dezameM apanI vizeSa pahacAna banAI thii| vahIM AcArya samantabhadra aura unake sampUrNa avadAnako sAmane lAnekA pramukha zreya AcArya paM0 jugalakizorajI mukhtArako hai / AcArya kundakundadevake bahumUlya cintana aura unake avadAnapara kArya karanevAle isI zatIke pUjya gaNezaprasAda varNI, pajya kAnajI svAmI Adi aneka vidvAnoMkI laMbI paramparA hai, kintu unheM mAtra dhArmika yA AdhyAtmika daSTise hI nahIM, apitu unake bAda bahuAyAmI vyaktitva aura kRtitvakA anusaMdhAnaparaka dRSTise malyAMkana karane ke lie sabhIko prerita karanekA pramukha zreya mahAmanISI DaoN0 e0 ena0 upAdhyeko hai| DaoN0 hIrAlAlajI jaina evaM e. ena. upAdhye dvArA aneka granthoMkA sampAdana evaM unakI aMgrejI bhASAmeM likhita vidvattApUrNa prastAvanAoMke rUpameM ina donoM vidvAnoMkA yogadAna vizeSa prasiddha hai| __ Agamika siddhAnta granthoM meM mukhyataH aneka khaNDoMmeM kasAyapAhuDakI jayadhavalA TIkA aura SaTkhaNDAgamakI dhavalA TIkA tathA A0 pUjyapAda viracita sarvArthasiddhikA susampAdana aura anuvAda jaise mahAn kAryoM meM
Page #2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 3 / kRtiyoMkI samIkSAe~ : 31 siddhAntAcArya paM0 phUlacandajI siddhAntazAstrI kI pahacAna isa kSetrameM sarvopari hai / siddhAntAcArya paM0 kailAzacandajI zAstrIne yadyapi aneka prAcIna granthoMkA sampAdana aura anuvAda kArya kiyA hai, kintu inheM jaina itihAsakArake rUpameM vizeSa sammAna prApta hai| mukhyataH jaina purANa evaM kAvya sAhityake anuvAdakake rUpameM DaoN0 paM0 pannAlAlajIkA mahanIya yogadAna hai / navIM zatAbdI ke AcArya vidyAnandake adhikAMza sAhitya ke uddhArakartAke rUpameM DaoN0 darabAralAlajI koThiyA tathA apabhraMzake mahAkavi raidhU dvArA sRjita sAhityake uddhArakartAke rUpameM DaoN0 rAjArAmajI jainakA mahanIya yogadAna hai / isI taraha aura bhI aneka vidvAnoMne sAhityakI aneka vidhAoMpara mahattvapUrNa kArya karake apanA vizeSa sthAna banAyA hai / prathama zatIke AcArya umAsvAmI viracita tattvArthasUtra eka aisA lokapriya granthahai jisapara vyAkhyA likhane ke kAryako prAcIna aura arvAcIna AcAryoM aura vidvAnoMne mahAn gauravapUrNakArya mAnA / vastutaH isa grantha meM jainadharmake cAroM anuyogoMkA sAra samAhita hai / isIlie aba taka isapara zatAdhika TIkagrantha likhe jA cuke haiM / yahA~ tatvArtha sUtrapara likhI gaI sarvArtha siddhi nAmaka vyAkhyA graMthake AdhArapara A0 akalaMkadeva dvArA likhita " tatvArtha vArtika" ke sampAdana - kAryakI samIkSA prastuta hai isa tattvArthavArtika granthake sampAdaka evaM hindIsAra karanevAle paM0 mahendrakumArajI haiM / vastutaH akalaMkadevake tArkika, jaTila - sAhityakA yadi paM0 mahendrakumArajI uddhAra nahIM karate to zAyada paM0 jIkI pratibhA rUpameM isa anupama lAbhase hama sabhI vaMcita raha jAte / yadyapi Apane akalaMkake atirikta AcArya prabhAcanda tathA AcArya haribhadra Adi aura bhI AcArya granthoMkA bhI sampAdana kiyA hai / jaisA ki paM0 mahendrakumArajIke bahumUlya kRtitvase spaSTa hai ki unhoMne aneka mUla granthoMkA sampAdana kiyA hai, kintu A0 umAsvAmI ke tattvArtha sUtrapara sAtavIM zatI ke mahAn AcArya akalaMkadeva dvArA TIkArUpa meM racita "tattvArthavArtika" ( tattvArthaM rAjavArtika ) kA paM0 jIne mAtra sampAdana hI nahIM kiyA, apitu usakA hindIsAra likhakara usa granthakA hArda samajhanekA mArga bhI prazasta kiyA / tattvArthaM vArtika grantha bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI ke antargata mUrtidevI jaina granthamAlAse saMskRta granthAMka 10 evaM 20ke kramameM do bhAgoM meM kramazaH san 1953 evaM 1957 meM prakAzita hue the / dvitIya saMskaraNa 1982 meM prakAzita huA hai / abhI kucha varSa pUrva san 1987 meM yaha grantha zabdaza: sampUrNa anuvAda sahita do bhAgoM meM dulIcandra vAkalIvAla yunivarsala, ejensIja, deragA~va (AsAma) se prakAzita huA hai| isakI hindI anuvAdikA haiM suprasiddha viduSI gaNinI AryikA supArzvamatI mAtAjI / pUjya mAtAjIne yaha anuvAda paM0 mahendrakumArajI dvArA sampAdita isa graMthake AdhArapara kiyA / yadyapi tattvArthavArtika para paM0 sadAsukhadAsajIke ziSya paM0 pannAlAlajI saMghI, dUnovAloMne vi0 saM0 1920 ke AsapAsa bhASA va canikA bhI likhI thI / san 1915 meM paM0 gajAdhara lAlajIke sampAdakatva meM sanAtana jaina granthamAlA, banArasase tattvArthavArtika grantha mUlamAtra prakAzita huA thA / usake bAda paM0 gajAdhara lAlajIke hI hindI anuvAdako paM0 makkhanalAla jI nyAyAlaMkArake saMzodhana evaM parivardhana ke sAtha bhAratIya jaina siddhAnta prakAzinI saMsthA, kalakattA se harIbhAI devakaraNa granthamAlAke kramAMka 8veM puSpake rUpameM san 1929 I0 meM yaha prakAzita huA / kintu isa granthakI yaha bahuta hI vizAlakAya vistRta vyAkhyA hone tathA vArtikake sAtha TIkA nahIM honese svAdhyAyiyoM ko kaThinAIkA sAmanA karanA par3atA thaa| ataH paM0 jI dvArA saMpAdita yaha grantha hindIsAra sahita A jAnese samasta pAThakoM ko ise samajhane meM suvidhA huI / isa zramasAdhya uddezya kI pUrti karate hue, jisa jJAnasAdhanAkA kAryaM paM0 jIne kiyA hai, vaisA zAyada hI kisI dUsarese saMbhava hotA ? paM0 jIne aise prAmANika banAneke lie jayapura,
Page #3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 32 : DaoN0 mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti grantha byAvara, dillI, vArANasI, ArA, pUnA, mUDabidrI, zravaNabelagola Adi zAstrabhaMDAroMkI hastalikhita aura upalabdha mudrita pratiyoM ke AdhArapara isakA sampAdana kiyA hai / jo vidvAn isa prakArake durlabha granthoMkA sampAdana-kArya svayaM karate haiM, ve hI itanI adhika pratiyoMke AdhArapara milAna karake sampAdana- kAryakI zramasAdhanA aura kaThinAiyoMko samajha sakate haiM / anyathA aise dRr3ha saMkalpa, aTUTa zraddhA evaM dRr3ha icchAzaktike isa mahAn kAryakA vaisA mUlyAMkana sabhIke vazakI bAta nahIM hotI / paM0 jIke sampAdanakI yahI vizeSatA hai ki granthake uttama sampAdana kArya hetu usa granthakI aneka prAcIna hastalikhita pANDulipikI mUlapratiyoM, pUrva prakAzita granthoMkA tathA usa grantha meM pratipAdya viSayake tulanAtmaka adhyayana hetu jainetara vibhinna granthakAroMke granthoMkA ve bharapUra upayoga kara lete haiM, tAki sampAdana kArya meM kucha kamI na rahe / isalie ve vistRta prastAvanA ke sAtha hI aneka pariziSToMse bhI use susajjita karate haiM jisameM pramukha haiM - granthagata sUtrapATha, uddharaNa, grantha meM Aye granthakAra, granthoM ke nAmoMkI sUcI, zabdAnukramaNikA, bhaugolika zabda sUcI, pAribhASika zabdAvalI tathA sampAdana meM sahAyaka graMthoM kA vivaraNa Adi / prastuta tattvArthavArtika grantha ke sampAdana kAryako bhI paM0jIne inhIM vizeSatAoMse susajjita kiyA hai / isameM mAtra prastAvanAkI kamI kAphI mahasUsa hotI hai| kisI kAraNavaza paM0 jIne isakI prastAvanA isameM nahIM dI / anyathA isa grantha ke sampAdana kArya ke anubhava, AcArya akalaMka aura unake isa granthakI vividha vizeSatAoM ko sampanna karanemeM grantha, viSaya, zailI, racayitAko lena va dena evaM unakA vyaktigata paricaya, racanAkAla Adi itihAsa unheM kyA kaisA pratIta huA ? ina sabhI bAtoMkA unhoMke dvArA likhita vivaraNa granthakI prastAvanAke rUpameM pAThakoMke sAmane AtA to usakA vizeSa mahattva hotA / phira bhI paM0 jI dvArA prastuta isa granthake acche sampAdana hetu pUrvaM prakAzita saMskaraNoM ke atirikta kucha anya prAcIna hastalikhita pratiyoMke pAThasaMkalana, saMzodhana, tulanAtmaka TippaNa, hindIsAra sUtra -pATha, samasta digambara zvetAmbara TIkAkAroMke pAThabhedoM sahita sUtroMkI va tadgata zabdoMkI varNAnukramaNiyA~, avataraNa - sUcI, bhaugolika zabda sUcI tathA vArtika ke viziSTa zabdoMkI sUcI - ye isa saMskaraNakI mahattvapUrNa vizeSatAe~ haiM / tattvArthavArtika ke adhyetA yaha acchI taraha jAnate haiM ki isa granthakA mUla AdhAra AcArya pUjyapAda viracita sarvArthasiddhi / sarvArthasiddhikI vAkya racanA, sUtra Adi bar3e hI saMtulita aura parimita haiM / isIlie apane pUrvavartI aura AgamAnukUla viSayakA pratipAdana karanevAle AcArya ke prAyaH sabhI pramukha vAkyoMko AcArya akalaMkadeva ne apane tattvArthavArtikameM vArtika ke rUpameM samAyojita karake unakA vivecana prastuta kiyA / prasaMgAnusAra naye-naye vArtikoMkI racanA bhI kii| isa prakAra hama yahI kaha sakate haiM ki jisa prakAra vRkSa meM bIja samAviSTa ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra sarvArthasiddhi tattvArthavArtika meM samAviSTa hote hue bhI donoM granthoMkA apanA-apanA svataMtra aura maulika granthake samAna mahattva hai / tattvArthavArtikakI yaha bhI vizeSatA hai ki vArtikoM granthoMke niyamAnusAra yaha adhyAya Ahnika aura vArtikoMse yukta hai / isa grantha ke prathama khaNDake dvitIya saMskaraNa meM sampAdakIya prastAvanAke abhAva meM siddhAntAcArya paM0 kailAzacaMdajI zAstrIne apanI pradhAnasampAdakIya vaktavyameM likhA hai - "jahA~ bhI dArzanika carcAkA prasaMga AyA hai vahA~ akalaMkadevakI tArkika saraNike darzana hote haiM / isa taraha yaha saiddhAntika grantha darzanazAstrakA eka apUrva grantha bana gayA hai / jaina siddhAntoMke jijJAsu isa eka hI granthake svAdhyAyase aneka zAstroMkA rahasya hRdayaMgama kara sakate haiM / unheM isameM aisI bhI aneka carcAyeM mileMgI jo anyatra nahIM haiM /
Page #4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 3 / kRtiyoMkI samIkSAe~ : 33 isa granthameM jagaha-jagaha AcArya akalaMkadevane vividha darzanoMke prAcIna granthoMke vAkya uddhRta kiye haiM / paM0 jIne una sabakI alaga pahacAna hetu utane aMzoMko invaraTeDa kAmA ( " " ) meM rakha diyA hai tathA jitane uddharaNoMke mUlagranthoMkI jAnakArI huI, koSThakameM unake nAma aura sandarbha Adi saMkhyAyeM de dI, jitane ajJAta rahe, unake koSThaka khAlI chor3a diye gaye, tAki vidvAnoMko jJAta honepara ve vahA~ likha sakeM / jisa taraha A0 akalaMkadevakI zailI gUr3ha aura zabdArtha garbhita hai, ve pratipAdya viSayako gaMbhIra aura arthapUrNa vAkyoMmeM sahaja vivecana karate calate haiM / itanA hI nahIM, usa viSayako pUrI tarahase samajhAne ke lie sambhAvya praznoMko pUrvapakSake rUpa meM prastuta karake uttarapakSake rUpameM unakA samAdhAna karate hue calate haiM, usI prakAra paM0 mahendrakumArajIkI bhI hindIsArakI zailI bhI arthagaMbhIra hai| yadyapi isa granthake hindIsArako malagranthake aMtameM ikaTThA prastuta kiyA hai| kintu malagranthakArakA aisA koI mukhya viSaya yA sthalakA hArda avaziSTa nahIM hai, jise paM0 jI ne spaSTa rUpameM prastuta na kiyA ho| sambaddha kucha-kucha vArtikoM aura usameM prastuta susambaddha viSayako sampAdakane eka sAtha hindIsArake rUpameM kiyA hai| udAharaNasvarUpa granthake ArambhameM maMgalAcaraNakA artha karane ke bAda paM0 jIne prathama adhyAyake Arambhika prathama evaM dvitIya vArtikameM pratipAdya viSayako sAra rUpameM eka sAtha isa prakAra prastuta kiyA hai- "upayogasvarUpa tathA zreyomArgakI prAptike pAtrabhUta Atmadravyako hI mokSamArgake jAnanekI icchA hotI hai| jaise ArogyalAbha karanevAle cikitsAke yogya rogIke rahanepara hI cikitsAmArgakI khoja kI jAtI hai, usI prakAra AtmadravyakI prasiddhi honepara mokSamArgake anveSaNakA aucitya siddha hotA hai|" isake bAda mAtra tIsare vArtikakA artha batalAte hue likhA ki-"saMsArI AtmAke dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa-ina cAra puruSArtho meM mokSa hI antima aura pradhAnabhUta puruSArtha hai / ataH usakI prAptike lie mokSa mArgakA upadeza karanA hI caahie|" isa vArtikake hindIsArake bAda cauthese lekara AThaveM vArtika takake viSayako eka sAtha prazna ( pUrvapakSa) aura usake samAdhAna (uttarapakSa) ke rUpameM artha likhA / prathama adhyAyake prathamasUtrake 39 se 46 takake 7 vArtikoMkA artha eka sAtha hI nahIM apitu usa sampUrNa viSayako susambaddha karate hue "mithyAjJAnase baMdha aura samyagjJAnase mokSa" mAnanevAle sAMkhya, vaizeSika, naiyAyika, bauddha Adi jainetara darzanoMkI etad viSayaka mAnyatAoMkA alaga-alaga kintu sampUrNa vivaraNa prastuta karate hue ratnatrayako mokSamArga pratipAdita karate hue jainadharma sambandhI mAnyatAoMkA aucitya siddha kiyA hai / imo prakArako zailImeM paM0 jIne sampUrNa granthakA hindIsAra prastuta kiyA hai / prastuta hindIsArake ina aMzoMko udAharaNake rUpameM yahA~ prastuta karanekA prayojana paM0 jIkI zailI batAnA hai / Apane malagranthakArake sabhI aMza aura bhAvoMko kisa taraha apanI sadhI hue bhASA, cune hue zabdoM aura prabhAvaka zailImeM prastuta kiyA hai ki dekhate hI banatA hai| vastutaH kisI bhI dArzanika yA tAttvika granthakA kisI bhI bhASAmeM granthakArake sampUrNa bhAvoMko anuvAda ke mAdhyamase prastuta karanA jitanA kaThina hotA hai, usakA sArAMza prastuta karanA usase bhI adhika kaThina evaM cunautIpUrNa kArya hotA hai| phira bhI paM0 jIkA hindIsAra rUpa anuvAda tathA isa granthakA zreSTha sampAdana rUpa yaha sAhasapUrNa kArya unakI vilakSaNa pratibhAkA paricAyaka hai| . 3-5