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________________ tamilanADu meM jaina dharma evaM tamila bhASA ke vikAsa meM jainAcAryoM kA yogadAna - paM0 siMhacandra jaina zAstrI zramaNa saMskRti ati prAcIna hai| anAdikAla se anantAnanta tIrthaMkaroM ne isa saMskRti ko akSuNNa rUpa se pravahamAna rakhA hai| pratyeka tIrthakara ke samaya meM zrAvaka, zrAvikA, muni, AryakA ke saMgha vidyamAna the| vartamAna meM tIrthaMkara na hone para bhI catuvidha saMgha kA astitva avazya hai, aura paMcamakAla ke aMtima samaya taka avazya rahegA hii| bhArata deza RSimuniyoM kA deza hai / yaha dharma-pradhAna bhUmi hai| devatA bhI isa pRthvI para janma lene ke lie tarasate haiM, aisA bhAgavata meM likhA hai| yahAM yoga, bhoga, tyAga bhI haiM, mAtra bhautika sAmagrI kI pradhAnatA nahIM hai / isa avanitala meM satpuruSa, dharma saMsthApaka, vaijJAnika, dArzanikoM ne janma liye haiM; sAdhu-santagaNa, vairAgya, dhyAna, sAdhanA, indriyanigraha Adi meM nimagna hokara isa vasundharA ko zobhita karate hue saMsAra-sAgara meM nimajja janatA ko dezanA ke dvArA usa sAgara se uttIrNa karAne vAle vartamAna meM vidyamAna haiM / sadA Atmarasa meM lIna rahane vAle sAhasamaya jAgarUpa kautUhalika anveSaka evaM sAdhaka bhI vartamAna haiM / jaina dharma vizva ke saMpUrNa dharmoM meM agragaNya hai| isa dharma ke upadezaka AcArya dArzanika, tatvacintaka, apUrva tyAganiSTha cAritra ke unnAyaka hone ke kAraNa saMsAra meM Adarza khyAti prApta kiye haiM / isa dharma kA AdhAra AdhyAtmika sAdhanA, ahiMsA, satya, asteya, zauca, indriyanigraha Adi hai / nirgrantha AcArya hI vartamAna meM dharma ke saMrakSaka haiN| ve apane AtmoddhAra ke kArya meM saMlagna hone para bhI parahita ke kArya meM nirantara prayatnazIla hote haiN| ve alaukika mukti-yaya ko darzAte haiN| prANimAtra ke lie maulika vastu ko pradAna karane vAle haiM / tIrthaMkaroM kA garbha, janma, dIkSA, jJAna aura mokSa Adi pAMcoM kalyANa uttara bhArata meM hI hue haiM parantu una tIrthaMkaroM kI vANI ko zAstrabaddha karake vartamAna janatA ko pradAna karane vAle AcAryoM kA janma prAya: dakSiNa bhArata meM hI huA hai| ata: prAcIna kAla se hI uttara aura dakSiNa kA apUrva saMgama hai / bhArata ke garimAmaya itihAsa meM dakSiNa patha kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| uttara aura dakSiNa ke khAna-pAna, pahanAve evaM bhASA meM vaividhya hone para bhI vividhA meM ekatA hai bhAratIya saMskRti kI dRSTi se yaha vividhatA va vibhinnatA bhAratavarSa kA bAhya rUpa hai parantu dharma kI dRSTi se visamatA kA rUpa nahIM hai| dharma kI dRSTi se nihita isa sAMskRtika ekatA ke rUpa kA paricaya prApta karanA atyanta Avazyaka hI nahIM, anivArya bhI hai| yaha jAnanA bhI Avazyaka hai ki isa jaina saMskRti ke nirmANa meM kisa pradeza kA kyA viziSTa yogadAna rahA hai / vibhinna bhASAoM ke sAhitya kA adhyayana isa kArya meM atyanta sahAyaka hogA / Adi kSetroM meM tamila pradeza ke nivAsI prAcIna kAla se hI agragAmI rahe haiN| jaina AcAryoM ne racanA karake prabuddha samAja ke lie mahAn upakAra kiyA hai| dharma, vyAkaraNa, sAhitya, jyotiSa, kI racanA karake tamila bhASA ko prajvalita karane vAle jaina AcArya hI the / unake likhe granthoM meM bhI hai aura prANimAtra ke lie aihika sukha ko pahuMcAne vAlI sAmagrI bhI / tamila sAhitya bhArata ke anyAnya sAhityoM se viziSTa evaM mahattvapUrNa sthAna rakhatA hai| dharma, sAhitya, rAjanIti, kalA, tamila bhASA ke uccakoTi ke sAhitya kI saMgIta, Ayurveda Adi viSayoM ke granthoM alaukika mukti ko dene vAlA viSaya kisI bhI pradeza ke itihAsa va dharma ke astitva ko jJAta karane ke lie usa pradeza ke sAhitya, abhilekha aura AcAyoM kI Adarza sevA hI pramANabhUta hote haiN| aba hameM yaha vicAra karanA hai ki tamilanADu meM jaina dharma kA astitva kaba se rahA tamila sAhityA 7 AcArya ratna zrI vezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha 180
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________________ kAza meM kauna-kauna AcArya prakAzamAna rahe ityAdi / tamilanADu meM IsvI pUrva pAMcavIM zatAbdI se hI jaina dharma ke aneka pramANa upalabdha haiN| tamilanADu se nikaTastha deza laMkA ke itihAsa se tamilanADu meM jaina dharma kA kAla jJAta hotA hai| laMkA meM jaina dharma zrIlaMkA eka laghutara dvIpa bhUmi hai jo tamilanA se ati nikaTastha hai usake cAroM ora hindamahAsAgara veSTita hai| vahAM para I0 pU0 cauthI zatAbdI se hI jaina dharma kA astitva thaa| isake lie usa deza kA itihAsa hI sAkSI hai| mahAvaMza nAmaka bauddha grantha laMkA ke itihAsa ko batAne vAlA eka mahattvapUrNa grantha hai yaha I0 pU0 pAMcavIM zatAbdI meM hI tamilanADu meM jaina dharma kA astitva hone kA AdhAra detA hai / laMkA ke rAjA pANDukAbhaya kA zAsana kAla I0 pU0 377-307 thA / usakI rAjadhAnI anurAdhapurama thI / usa nagara meM jaina nigra tha sAdhuoM ke lie pRthak rUpa meM vAsasthAna evaM maMdira unhoMne banavAye / nirgrantha parvata nAmaka sthAna para unhoMne nirgrantha sAdhuoM ke lie vizeSa rUpa se AvAsa sthAna banavAyA thaa| kAlAMtara meM usa sthAna kA nAma pANDukA bhaya bhI par3a gyaa| mahAvaMza grantha meM jaina dharma kA nigaNDumata AjIvaka matA nAma hone kI bAteM milatI haiN| anurAdhapurama ke nikaTastha abhayagiri parvata para do mUrtiyAM aMkita haiM, unameM eka bhagavAn bAhubali kI hai aura dUsarI tIrthaMkara kii| ye mUrtiyA~ mahAvaMza grantha meM batAyI gayI bAtoM kI puSTi karatI haiM, ataH I0 pU0 pAMcavIM zatAbdI meM laMkA meM jaina dharma ke astitva bhI siddha karatI haiM / laMkA meM jaina dharma tamilanADa se hI gayA hogaa| vartamAna meM vahAM bauddha dharma kA bolabAlA hai| yaha dharma bhI tamilanADu ke mArga se hI laMkA meM gayA hai| jaina nirgrantha sAdhu jala meM yA yAna meM calate nahIM / laMkA to hindamahAsAgara se veSTita hai| uttara bhArata yA kaliMga deza se sIdhA laMkA meM jaina sAdhu kA vihAra saMbhava nhiiN| laMkA aura tamilanADu ke madhyastha jala-bhAga ati saMkucita hai| I0 pU0 isa bhAga kA jalasthala sUkha kara jala rahita rahA hogaa| usI mArga se jaina nirgrantha sAdhu laMkA gaye hoNge| aisA anveSakoM kA akATya vizvAsa evaM mAnyatA hai| IsvI pUrva pAMcavIM zatAbdI meM tamilanADu ke mArga se laMkA meM jaina nirgrantha sAdhu gaye haiM to usake pUrva hI tamilanADu meM jainadharma kA astitva avazya honA cAhiye / kucha logoM kI dhAraNA hai ki AcArya bhadrabAhu ke dakSiNa meM sthita zravaNabelagolA meM ( I0 pU0 tIsarI zatAbdI ke ) Agamana ke bAda hI tamilanADu meM jaina dharma kA praveza huA hai| unakI yaha dhAraNA galata hai| jaina sAdhuoM kA AcAra-vicAra ati pavitra hotA hai / ve sirpha zrAvaka ke hAtha se hI AhAra lete haiM / bhadrabAhu ke Agamana se pUrva tamilanADu meM jaina dharma ke anuyAyI zrAvaka na rahe hoM to Agantuka AcAryoM ko AhArAdi kI vyavasthA kauna karate / AhArAdi kI vyavasthA ke binA AcAryoM kA vihAra kaise hotA ? ata: AcAryoM kA praveza evaM laMkA kA itihAsa Adi se yaha siddha hotA hai ki IsvI pUrva pAMcavI vAtAbdI se hI tamilanA meM jaina dharma avazya thA / vizAlAcArya saMgha kA bihAra I0 pU0 tIsarI zatAbdI meM uttara bhArata meM bAraha varSa kA akAla par3A thA / usa samaya AcArya bhadrabAhu bAraha hajAra muniyoM ke sAtha dakSiNa bhArata meM sthita zravaNabelagolA meM Akara rhe| samrAT candragupta maurya bhI apane parivAra sahita unake saMgha meM rahe | yaha itihAsa sarvasammata hai / AcArya bhadrabAhu ne apane ziSya vizAkhAcArya ko ATha hajAra munigaNoM sahita tamilanADu meM dharma ke pracArArtha bhejA thA una munigaNoM ne tatkAla tamilanADa meM pANDiya aura cola janapada meM sthita digambara muniyoM ke sAtha milakara sarvatra jaina dharma kA pracAra kiyA thaa| ina bAtoM ko tamilanADu meM sthita tatkAlIna abhilekhoM se jJAta kara sakate haiM / itihAsa kAla kahalAne vAle rAmAyaNakAla ke pUrva hI tamilanAr3a meM jaina sAdhu aura bAvakoM kI avasthiti atyaMta unnata dazA meM thI / usa samaya ke zAsakoM ke sahayoga ke binA dharma kA astitva nahIM ho sakatA thA / ve nyAyapUrvaka nIti ke anukUla zAsana karate the| unake zAsana meM saMtoM kI vANI evaM dharma kA prasaraNa hotA thA / sAmAjika jIvana, sabhyatA, jJAna, kalA Adi kI abhivRddhi huI thI / agara zAsaka dAnava prakRti ke hote to saMta vahAM vidyamAna na raha pAte / tamila bhASA meM kamvarAmAyaNa prAmANika grantha hai, jo ajaina kavi kambana kA likhA huA hai / usameM unhoMne rAmacandra ke muMha se ye bAteM kahalAyI haiN| sugrIva ke senA sahita laMkA jAte samaya rAmacandra ne unako laMkA kA mArga batAte hue kahA hai ki "dakSiNApatha kI sImA meM veMkaTagiri sthita hai| usa parvata para dravyaguNa paryAya ke na sAhityAnuzIlana 181
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________________ pratyeka aMzoM ko jAnane vAle, saMskRta, prAkRta aura dAkSiNAtya bhASAvid, samyakdazana jJAnacAritra se vibhUSita digambara nirgrantha sAdhugaNa karmakSayArtha aharniza anavarata tapa aura dhyAna meM niSpaNNa rahate haiM / unako namostu karake unase AzIrvAda prApta kara Age cala pddnaa|" veMkaTagiri vartamAna tirupati hai jo aba AMdhrapradeza ke antargata hai / itihAsa kahatA hai ki tamilanADu kI sImA va kaTagiri se prArambha hotI thI / ataH tirupati pahale tamilanADu ke antargata thaa| isa kathana se bhI tamilanADu meM jaina dharma kA astitva mAlUma hotA hai| kaliMga deza kA itihAsa kaliMga deza ke nareza kAravela ke zAsanakAla meM (I0 pU0 169) magadha narezoM ne kaliMga para car3hAI kI aura vahAM para sthita bhagavAna AdinAtha kI vizAlakAya pratimA ko magadha deza meM le gye| isa ghaTanA ke kucha varSa pazcAt kaliMga nareza khAravela punaH magadha para car3hAI karake vijaya pAkara usa pAvana pratimA ko vApasa le aayaa| isa mahattvapUrNa vijaya se prasanna hokara khAravela nareza ne bahada sammelana bulAyA jisameM bhArata ke sabhI prAMtoM ke nRpagaNoM ne bhAga liyaa| tamilanADu se pANDiya janapada ke nareza ne jo jaina dharmAvalaMbI thA, apane parivAra sahita jAkara usa RSabhadeva bhagavAn kI pratimA kI vandanA kI thii| yaha samAcAra kaliMga deza kI hasthiguphA ke abhilekha se jJAta hotA hai| ataH kaliMga deza kA itihAsa bhI tamilanADu meM jaina dharma kI avasthiti ko batAtA hai| aba taka prAcIna itihAsa se tamilanADu meM jaina dharma ke astitva ke sambandha meM vicAra kiyA gayA / Age abhilekha ke sambandha meM vicAra kreN| bAhmI abhilekha brAhmI lipi ati prAcIna hai| isa lipi kA udbhava bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke dvArA huA thA / RSabhadeva ne hI apanI putrI brAhmI ko yaha lipi sikhAI thii| yaha lipi prAyaH tamila lipi se milatI julatI hai / isa lipi se utkIrNa abhilekha tamilanADu ke samasta pradezoM meM sthita girikandarA ke zilApaTToM para pAye jAte haiM jahAM nirgrantha sAdhuoM kA vAsasthAna thaa| ye girikandarAyeM prAkRtika haiM, kisI ke dvArA banAyI huI naha / ina parvatoM meM svaccha jala se bhare jalakuNDa bhI sthita haiM / ye parvata janatA ke vAsa-sthAna se kicit dUra avasthita haiN| kucha sthAna aise bhI haiM jahA~ manuSya kA pahuMcanA bhI ati kaThina hai, to bhI ve sthAna vahAM pahuMcane vAloM ko apane prAkRtika saundarya se mana kI caMcalatA ko dUra karake zAnti pradAna karate haiM / ina guphAoM meM digambara nirgrantha sAdhu apanA vAsa-sthAna banAkara AtmasAdhanA meM tatpara hote hue siddhAnta, nyAya, tarka, vyAkaraNa, sAhitya Adi viSayoM ke uccakoTi ke granthoM kI racanA bhI karate the| usa samaya ke narezoM ne nirgranthoM ke lie zilAtala para zayyAyeM banavAyIM arthAt guphA ke tala bhAga ko lacIledAra banAkara zayyA ke upayukta sthAna banavAe / ye girikandarAyeM evaM zayyAyeM vartamAna meM bhI madurai jile ke nikaTastha parvatoM para vipula mAtrA meM vidyamAna haiN| ina guphAoM kA vivaraNa, vigata kAla meM sthita sAdhuoM kI bAteM aura kAla Adi brAhmI lipi meM likhe milate haiN| brAhmI kA apara nAma tamili hai / prAcIna tamilalipi hI tamili kahalAtI hai| isako tamila brAhmI lipi bhI kahate haiN| isakA ullekha samavAyAMga sUtra meM pAyA jAtA hai, jo I. pU0 pahalI zatAbdI kA hai| usameM aSTAdaza prakAra ke akSaroM ke nAma haiM jinameM khAyI.kharoSThI, tamili Adi akSaroM kA nAma bhI hai| bhASAvidoM va anveSakoM kA kahanA hai ki jaba se brAhmI lipi kA prAdurbhAva haA tabhI se tamili lipi kA bhI prAdurbhAva huaa| ina bAtoM ko yaha grantha sAbita karatA hai| ina akSaroM se aMkita adhikatara abhilekha madurai nagara ke nikaTastha Ane mala, Andai mala, samanaramala (zramaNagiri) Adi parvatoM kI guphAoM meM va caTTAnoM meM pAye jAte haiM, jo I0 pU0 tIsarI zatAbdI se pahale ke haiN| bAhmI aura tamili lipi ke alAvA vaTTalettu lipi bhI pAI jAtI hai / yaha na brAhmI hai na tamili hai| isakI AkRti tamila lipi se hI milatI julatI hai| isakA khojapUrNa AdhAra dakSiNa bhArata ke abhilekha zodha vibhAga (South Indian Epigraphy) ke pAsa hai| brAhmI, tamili, vaTeluttu Adi abhilekha jahAM-jahAM pAye jAte haiM usakA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai puduko, jile meM 6 sthAna, madurai jile meM 12 sthAna, tirunelaveli jile meM 7 sthAna, tirucinApalli jile meM 3 sthAna, uttara ArkaTa jile meM 3 sthAna, dakSiNa ArkArDa jile meM 5 sthAna, citUra jile meM 2 sthAna (vartamAna meM cittUra jilA AMdhrapradeza meM haiN)| 182 AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNajI mahArAja abhinandana grantha
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________________ ina sabhI sthAnoM meM sthita abhilekhoM meM tamilanADu ke jaina itihAsa kA vizada varNana prApta hai| kAla ko pAMca zreNI meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai I0 pUrva tIsarI zatAbdI va usake pUrva I0 pUrva dUsarI va pahalI zatAbdI : IsvI pahalI aura dUsarI zatAbdI : madhyama kAla 4. IsvI tIsarI aura cauthI zatAbdI : aMtima kAla 5. IsvI pAMcavI zatAbdI ke bAda kA kAla 1. 2. 3. prathama kAla sthAna aura abhilekhoM kI saMkhyA nimna prakAra hai :I0 pU0 pahalI zatAbdI va dUsarI zatAbdI IsvI pahalI va dUsarI zatAbdI IsvI tIsarI va cauthI zatAbdI IsvI pAMcavIM va chaThI zatAbdI 12 sthAna 50 abhilekha 3 sthAna 5 abhilekha 5 sthAna 16 abhilekha 2 sthAna 2 abhilekha ina bAIsa sthAnoM meM se prApta 79 abhilekhoM meM 50 abhilekha IsvI pUrva dUsarI zatAbdI ke haiN| ye sabhI abhilekha jainadharma evaM AcAyoM se sambandhita haiN| aitihAsika kAla ke pUrva meM sthita narezoM ke samaya unakI gatividhi, abhinela Adi kI anveSaNapUrNa vicAradhArA se yaha patA calatA hai ki tamilanADu meM jainadharma kA astitva IsvI pUrva pAMcavIM zatAbdI ke pUrva se hI thaa| 22 76 jaina AcAryoM kI sAhitya-sevA jaina AcArya kevala prAkRta aura saMskRta bhASA ke hI dhanI na the, ve jisa prAMta ma vihAra karate the usa prAnta kI bhASA kI pratibhA pAkara samasthita janasamudAya ke hitArtha dharma aura sAhitya pratyoM kI racanA bhI kiyA karate the| tamila prAnta ke AcAyoM ke kArya-kalApa atyaMta anUThe haiN| unhoMne tamila bhASA ke ucca koTi ke granthoM kI racanA kI thii| tamila sAhitya ke lie unhoMne jo yogadAna diyA hai vaha mahatvapUrNa hai| tamila sAhitya-racanA kI pravRtti lagabhaga IsvI dUsarI zatAbdI se chaThI zatAbdI taka atyanta prabala thI / hariSeNa racita (31) bRhat kathA koSa tathA kalaha bhASA meM devanandi virakti rAjAvati kaye (60 1028) ina anyoM se tamila sAhitya va vAMDama kA paricaya milatA hai| tamila bhASA ke vyAkaraNa pranthoM meM tolakASiyama eka prAmANika grantha hai jI 60 pUrva kA hai| isake racayitA jaina AcArya hI hai sAhitya ke lie hI vyAkaraNa likhA jAtA hai, ataH sAhitya racanA kAla vyAkaraNa ke pUrva kA mAnanA cAhiye / jaba tolakAdhiyama vyAkaraNa I0 pU0 kA hai to sAhitya racanA kAla bhI IsvI pUrva honA cAhiye / jaba IsvI pAMcavIM zatAbdI ke pahale tamilanADu meM jaina dharma kA astitva yA usa samaya se hI sAhitya kA astitva honA caahiye| tamila sAhitya tamila kAvyoM ko mahAkAvya va laghukAvya ke nAma se do zreNiyoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai| piDikAra, jIvaka cintAmaNi (1 vIM zatAbdI) kuNDalI tayApani maNimekhale ye pAMcoM mahAkAvya mAne jAte haiN| inameM pahale ke tIna grantha jaina AcAyoM kI kRti haiN| cUlAmaNi peThakarSa yazodhara kAvya, nAgakumAra kAmya, nIlakezI ye pAMcoM maghukAvya mAne jAte hai ye sabhI kAvya jaina mAnAyoM kI kRti haiN| ina kAvyoM ke alAvA aura bhI aneka grantha haiM jinakA nAma isa prakAra hai-- merumandapurANama, nAradacaritra, zAntipurANama ityAdi / vyAkaraNa, koSa, gaNita, saMgIta, nATaka, jyotiSa, nItizAstra Adi viSayoM ke anya grantha bhI haiM / 1 'tolakAppiyama' tamila bhASA kA ati prAcIna grantha hai / yaha I0 pU0 tIsarI yA dUsarI zatAbdI meM racita eka vyAkaraNagrantha hai / isake racayitA jaina AcArya haiM, isa bAta ko janetara vidvAn bhI mAnate haiN| isameM tatkAlIna samAja meM pracalita gatividhiyoM kA bhI varNana pAyA jAtA hai| yaha isakI vizeSatA hai ki isameM kisI prakAra kI sAmpradAyika bAta nahIM haiN| ahiMsA sambandhI viSayoM para adhika sAhityAnuzIlana 183
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________________ jora diyA gayA hai / karma siddhAnta kA jikra bhI hai / sarvatra vItarAgI hitopadezI kA varNana adhika mAtrA meM hai| . vAGamaya ke kSetra meM sAhitya kA sthAna pahale hai, usake bAda vyAkaraNa kA / sAhitya va kAvya ke lie vyAkaraNa likhA jAtA hai| isake varNana va lakSaNa ko pramANita va parimArjita karane ke lie hI vyAkaraNa kI racanA kI jAtI hai| jaba 'tolakAdhiyama' I0 pU0 tIsarI zatAbdI kI mAnI jAtI hai to usake pUrva hI sAhitya va kAvya kA astitva honA cAhiye ! isa dRSTi se tolakAppiyama ke pUrva hI jaina sAhitya ke racanA-kAla ko mAnanA caahiye| tolakAppiyama ke atirikta nannUla, yArugalakAriga, pApperukale vRtti, neminAdama, veNbA paTTiyala Adi vyAkaraNa grantha bhI jaina AcAryoM kI kRtiyAM haiN| tirukkurala' tamila bhASA kA eka prAcIna nItigrantha hai| vartamAna meM bhI jainetara janatA evaM tamilanADu sarakAra bhI isa grantha ko mahattA detI hai| isako tamilaveda bhI kahate haiM / isake racayitA tiruvalluvara the| inako jaina mAnane meM kucha vidvAna hicakicAte haiN| kucha vidvAna taTastha haiN| kucha loga sampUrNa rUpa se jaina AcArya kI kRti mAnane ko taiyAra haiN| yaha kundakunda AcArya kI kRti mAnI jAtI hai| isakA pramANa prophesara e. cakravartI ne tirukkurala grantha kI prastAvanA meM diyA hai jo bhAratIya jJAnapITha se san 1946 meM prakAzita huI thii| isameM 1330 dohe haiM / ina dohoM ko dharma, artha, kAma ke antargata tIna bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai| kula 133 adhyAya haiM, pratyeka adhyAya meM dasa-dasa dohe haiN| granthakartA ne isake pahale dohe meM Adi bhagavAn kI stuti kI hai| tadanantara lagAtAra dasa dohoM meM vItarAga arahata, jitendriya, kamalavihArI, sarvajJa, kRtakRtya Adi artha vAle zabdoM kA prayoga karake maMgalAcaraNa kiyA hai| ina bAtoM se yaha nirvivAda siddha hai ki isake racayitA jaina AcArya hI haiN| vAGamaya ke vikAsa aura siddhAnta kI racanA meM tamila prAnta ke AcAryoM ne anupama yogadAna diyA hai / una AcAryoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM-kundakunda, samantabhadra, akalaMka, jinasena, guNabhadra, vidyAnandI, puSpadanta, mahAvIrAcArya, nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI, mallisena, vIranandi, samayadivAkaramuni, vAdIsiMha sUri Adi / ye sabhI prAMtIya bhASA ke vidvAna hote hue bhI saMskRta aura prAkRta ke akATya pratibhAzAlI the| vAdIbhasiMha sUri ne apanI kRti kSatracUr3AmaNi meM pANDiya nareza rAjarAjacola kA guNagAna kiyA hai| tamila ke prAcIna grantha evaM abhilekhoM meM AcAryoM ko aDigala, kuravara ke nAma se tathA AyikAoM ko kurantiyara nAma se abhivyakta kiyA gayA hai| tamilanADu kI girikandarAoM se prApta abhilekhoM meM nimnalikhita AcArya aura AryikAoM ke nAma upalabdha haiM : AcAryoM ke nAma :- (1) accanandi, (2) ariSTanemi, (3) aSTopavAsI, (4) bhadrabAhu, (5) candranandI, (6) dayApAla, (7) dharmadeva, (8) elAcArya (8) guNakIrti bhaTTAraka, (10) guNasekara, (11) guNavIra, (12) guNavIra kuravaDigala, (13) ilayabhaTTAraka, (14) indrasena, (15) kanakanandi, (16) kanakacandra, (17) baladeva mANvaka nandi kanakavIra, (18) kurattI kanakanandI bhaTTAraka, (19) kurattI tIrtha bhaTTAraka, (20) guru candrakIti, (21) mAghanandi, (22) malaya tuvarasara, (23) mallisena bhaTTAraka, (24) mallisena vAmanAcArya, (25) matisAgara, (26) mauni bhaTTAraka, (27) miga kumana, (28) muni sarvanandi, (29) AcArya zrIpAla, (30) mAghanandi bhaTTAraka, (31) araiyaMgAvidi saMghanambI (32) nAganandi, (33) nalakUTa amalanemi bhaTTAraka, (34) nATTiya bhaTTAraka, (3:) paravAdi mallipuSpasena, (36) vAmanAcArya, (37) pArzva bhaTTAraka, (38) piTTiNi bhaTTAraka, (36) guNabhadra, (40) puSpasena vAmanAcArya, (41) zAntivIra kurakara, (42), zrI nandi, (43) zrImalaikula zrIvarddhamAna, (44) accanandiaDigala, (45) vAdirAja, (43) vajranandi, (47) belikoMgayara pattaDaligala, (48) vizAkhAcArya, (46) vinayabhAsura kuDavADi, (50) tirukkaraNDipAdamUlatara, (51) guNasAgara, (52) bhavanandi, (53) vIrasena, (54) nemicandra, (55) akalaMka, (56) abhayanandi, (57) vIranandi, (58) indra nandi, (56) guNabhadra mAmuni, (60) vasudevasiddhAnta bhaTTAraka, (61) tirunakkadevara, ityAdi / ___AryikAoM ke nAma :-(1) ariSTanemi kurantiyara, (2) aba yAra, (3) guNaM tADi kurattiyAra, (4) ilanesarata kurattiyAra, (5) kavundaaDigala, (6) kanakavIra kuranti, (7) kuMDala kurattiyAra, (8) mammaikurattiyAra, (E) milanUra kurattiyAra, (3) nalakara kuttiyAra, (11)ariTTanemi bhaTTAraka snAtaka anazana kurattiyAra, (12) perura kurattiyAra (13) piccaikurattiyAra, (14) pUrvanandi karattiyAra, (15) saMgha kurattiyAra (16) tiruvisa kurattiyAra, (17) zrI vijaya kurattiyAra, (18) tirumalaikuratti, (16) tiruppattikuratti, (20) tirucAraNattu kuratti, Adi / AcArya zrI kA ananya anupraha aba taka tamilanADu ke jaina AcArya evaM AryikAoM ke nAma va unakI sAhitya-sevA Adi kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| tamila bhASA meM jo paMca mahAkAvyoM kA jikra hamane kiyA thA unameM "jIvaka cintAmaNi" tamila sAhityAkAza meM jagamagAtA sUrya kiraNavata AcAryaratna bhI vezabhUSaNajI mahArAja abhimanbama grantha 184
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________________ uccakoTi kA grantha hai| usI kI zreNI meM 'merumandara purANam' grantha hai / vartamAna jaina samAja meM isa grantha kA pracalana adhika ho gayA hai| isameM kathAvastu ke sAtha-sAtha jaina siddhAnta kI rahasyapUrNa bAtoM ko tamila janatA ko upayogArtha pradAna kiyA gayA hai| isake racayitA 'vAmanAcArya' haiM jo tamila prAnta kI prasiddha nagarI 'kAjIpuram' ke tra lokyanAtha mandira (mahAvIra svAmI kA maMdira) meM rahate the| aba yaha sthAna tirUpatti kuNDrama' va 'jinakAMcI' kahalAtA hai| aba bhI vahAM para AcArya kA caraNacihna vidyamAna hai| AcArya dezabhUSaNa mahArAja ne isa grantha kA hindI anuvAda karake hindI jagat kI janatA ke sammukha tamila sAhitya kI mahattA ko prakaTa kiyA hai / isa mahAna aitihAsika kArya ko sampanna karake unhoMne jo anUThA kArya kiyA hai usake lie tamilanADu jaina samAja, tamila bhASAvid va sAhityakAra AcAryazrI ke ciraRNI rheNge| isameM AcAryazrI kA ananya anugraha hai ki unhoMne udhara bhArata ke jaina samAja ko tamila sAhitya kI mahattA jJAta karane hetu mahAna kArya kiyA hai| AcAryazrI prakANDa vidvAn, mahAna tapasvI aura jJAnI haiN| unakI mAtRbhASA kannar3a hote hue bhI ve saMskRta, hindI, prAkRta, ke pratibhAsampanna mahAn yogI haiM / Apane aneka granthoM kI racanA kI hai| kannar3a bhASA sAhitya ko bhI hindI meM anuvAda karake prakAzita karAkara avismaraNIya kArya kiyA hai| unake divya caraNoM meM maiM bAra-bAra mamostu karatA huuN| vartamAna digambara jaina samAja meM Apa agragaNya AcArya haiN| Apane anekoM vidvAnoM ko taiyAra kiyA hai| tyAgI, muni, AryikAoM ko dIkSita karAkara anagAra dharma ko akSuNNa banAyA hai| Apake tatvAvadhAna va pratibodha ke kAraNa anekoM digambara jaina maMdiroM kA nirmANa hokara pratiSThA huI hai / Apa paMcamakAla meM paMcama gati kA mArga batAne vAle paMcAnanavat bhavyayogI mahApuruSa haiN| munidharma-virodhI zRgAloM ke lie siMha-puruSa haiN| namila bhASA ke jaina pranyoM ko nAmAvali (a) sAhitya anya :-1, peragattiyama, 2. tolakAppiyam, 3. tirukkurala, 4. silappadikAram, 5. jIvaka cintAmaNi, 6. hariviruttama, 7. cUlAmaNi, 8.pairuGa katha, 6. valayApadi, 10 meru mandara purANaM, 11. nArada caritaM, 12. zAnti purANaM. 13. udayaNakumAra vijayam, 14. nAgakumAra kAvyaM, 15. kaligattupparaNi, 16. yazodhara kAvyam, 17. rAmakathA, 18. kili viruttam, 19. eliviruttama, 20 ilandiraiyana, 21. purANa sAgaram, 22. amirada padi, 23. mallinAtha purANam, 24. piMgala carita, 25. vAmana carita, 26. vardhamAnaM / (A) vyAkaraNagrantha : 1. nannUla, 2. nambiyakapporula, 3. yApparUMgalama, 4. yAprugatmakArika, 5. neminAdama, 6. avinayama, 7. veNbApATTiyala, 8. sandanUla, 6. indirakAliyama, 10. aNithiyala, 11. vAppiyala, 12. maulivari, 13. kaDiya nanniyala, 14. kAvakaippADiniyama, 15. saGgayAppu, 16. seTayuliyala, 17. nakkIrar aDinUla, 18. kaikkile sUttirama, 19. nattattama, 20. takkANiyama / (i) nIti graMtha : 1. nAlaDiyAra, 2. palamolinAnUru, 3. elAdi, 4. sirupaMcamUlama, 5. tirNamAle nadebadu, 6. AcAra kkovai, 7. aranericcArama, 8. aruGgalacceppu, 6. jIvasambodhana, 10. ovai (agayittala sUDi) 11. nAnamaNi kaDiMga, 12. innAnArpadu, 13. iniyavai nArpadu, 14. tirikaDugama, 15. neminAda sadagamaM / (I) tarka grantha : 1. nIlakezi, 2. piGgalakezi, 3. aMjanakezi, 4. tattuva darzana, 5. tatvArtha sUttaka / (u) saMgIta grantha : 1. peruGa kurugu, 2, pairunAra, 3. saiyiTriyama, 4, bharata senA padiyama, 5. sayantama, 6. isattamila samyula kova, 7. isa nunukkama, 8. siTrise, 6. pairis| (U) prabandhapranya: tirukkalambagam, 2. tirunandAdi, 3. tiruvaMbAvai, 4. tirupAmAla, 5. tiruppUgala, 6. AdinAra pillatamila, 7. AdinAdara ulA, 5. tirumeTrisayandAdi, 6. dharmadevi andAdi, 10. tirunAdara kundrattu pttupdigm| (e) nATaka grantha : 1. guNanula, 2. agattiyama, 3. kUttanUla sandama / (ai) citrakalAgrantha : 1. aviyanUla (o) koSa grantha : 1. cUDAmaNi nighanTu, 2. divAkaram, 3. piGgalAnda / (o) jyotiSa anya : 1. jinendramAla, 2. ulla muDayAna / (aMH) gaNita prastha : 1. keTTiyara suvaDi, 2. kaNakkadikArama, 3. nallinakka vAyapADu, 4. sirukuli vAyapADa, 5. koSavAya ilakkam, 6. perukklvaaypaaddu| uparyukta sUcI meM aneka grantha prakAzita haiM aura aneka grantha aprApya va lupta haiM kintu anya granthoM kI vyAkhyA va TIkA meM ina granthoM kA nAmollekha pAyA jAtA hai| isa vistRta graMtha sUcI se yaha spaSTa hai ki tamilanADu meM jaina dharma evaM sAhitya ke vikAsa meM jainAcAryoM kA vizeSa sahayoga rahA hai / na sAhityAnuzIlana