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________________ zvetAmbara jaina sAhitya kI kucha anupalabdha racanAyeM madhusUdana DhAMko samadRSTA evaM spaSTavAka anveSaka (sva0) paM0 nAthUrAma premI ne "kucha aprApya grantha" nAmaka choTe, kintu upayogI lekha meM, sumati vajranandi, mahAsena aura prabhajana kI samprati aprApta racanAoM para vicAra kiyA hai|' ina racayitAoM ke alAvA kucha aura bhI prAcIna digambara jaina sAhityika hue haiM, jinake nAma to hama jAnate haiM, parantu unakI kRtiyAM anupalabdha haiM / ThIka yahI sthiti zvetAmbara sAhitya kI bhI hai| yadyapi hameM zvetAmbara vAGmaya vividha vidhAoM evaM vipula rAzi meM upalabdha hai, phira bhI jo racanAyeM Aja upalabdha nahIM haiM, unake viSaya meM kahIM granthakAra kA to kahIM grantha kA ullekha milatA hai aura kahIM-kahIM ukta ullekhoM sahita avataraNa bhI milate haiN| kaI sthAnoM para kevala avataraNa hI milate haiM; grantha athavA usake kartA kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| uparyukta AdhAroM para vizvAsapUrvaka yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki zvetAmbara vAGmaya kI bhI aneka kRtiyA~ kAla ke garbha meM samA cukI haiN| zvetAmbara paramparA meM Agama granthoM evaM Agamika vyAkhyAyeM (niyukti, bhASya, cUrNi, vRtti, TIkA Adi ) ke atirikta darzana, nyAya, zabdazAstra, caritrakAvya, dUtakAvya, nATaka Adi vividha viSayoM para bhI bahuta kucha likhA gayA thA, jo Aja prApta nahIM hai| yadi ina sabake viSaya meM khoja kI jAya to eka vizAla aura upayogI pustaka kI racanA sambhava hai| yahA~ to kevala madhyakAla ke pUrva ke kucha dArzanika dharmapravaNa yA nItiparaka sAhitya ke sambandha meM hI vicAra kiyA jaayegaa| jaina dArzanika sAhitya meM agracAri, mahAmati siddhasenadivAkara ( IsvI 4thI-5vIM zatAbdI) kI sabhI racanAyeM Aja upalabdha nahIM haiN| jo upalabdha haiM, unake sambandha meM bhI kucha gaveSakoM ko dhAraNA hai ki ye unakI kRtiyA~ nahIM ho sktiiN| yahA~ to hama, siddhasena divAkara ke bAda ke zvetAmbara lekhakoM kI racanAoM ke viSaya meM hI vicAra kreNge| mallavAvi kSamAzramaNa siddhasena divAkara ke apUrva dArzanika-prAkRta grantha sanmatiprakaraNa para dvAdazAranayacakrakA ra 1. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, saMzodhita sAhitya mAlA, prathama puSpa, dvitIya saMskaraNa, bambaI 1956, pR0 418-422 / 2. hamAre eka mitra hAla hI meM isa viSaya para kArya kara rahe haiN| unakA yaha prakAzana pratIkSita hai| 3. Agamika cUNiyoM meM, haribhadra sUri kI racanAoM meM, aura bAda ke vRtyAdi sAhitya meM vividha viSayoM para __ aise aneka avataraNa milate haiM, jinake mUla srota kI saMkhyA prathama dRSTi se bhI bahuta hI vizAla mAlUma hotI hai| 4. jaise ki nyAyAvatAra, aura dvAtrizikA kramAMka 21 /
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________________ zvetAmbara jaina sAhitya kI kucha anupalabdha racanAyeM mallavAdi sUri ( IsvI SaSTham zatAbdI madhyAhna) kI saMskRta TIkA Aja anupalabdha hai|' haribhadra sUri ke anekAntajayapatAkA ( IsvI 760 pazcAt ) meM uparyukta TIkA se do avataraNa uddhRta kie haiM, jinakI zailI mallavAdi kI dvAdazAranayacakra kI zailI se bilkula hI milatI-julatI hai / 3 abhayadeva sUri kI sanmati-prakaraNa para 25000 zloka-pramANa saMskRta TIkA (IsvI 1024 pUrva) meM anya granthoM ke atirikta, mallavAdi kI isa TIkA kA bhI AdhAra liyA gayA hogaa| abhayadeva sUri kI bRhadkAya TIkA ke zailIgata parIkSaNa se usameM mUla TIkA kA kucha bhAga yA avataraNa bhI mila jAnA asambhava nhiiN| mallavAdi kI koI aisI hI prAkRta racanA bhI thI, jo Aja nahIM milatI / AcArya malayagiri ( IsvI 12vIM zatAbdI ) ne isameM se eka avataraNa uddhRta kiyA hai|" ho sakatA hai ki yaha kRti bahuta kucha "sanmati" ke samAna rahI hogii| vAcaka ajitayazas haribhadra sUri kI anekAntajayapatAkA para likhI svopajJa vRtti meM "utpAdavyayadhrauvyayuktaM sat" kathana ke sandarbha meM "ajitayazA' kA ullekha huA hai| uparyukta grantha ke sampAdaka prA0 hIrAlAla kApaDiyA ne ajitayazA ke viSaya meM kucha nahIM kahA hai| lekina rAjagacchIya prabhAcandrAcArya ke prabhAvakacarita (vi0 saM0 1334/ I0 saM0 1278 ) ke antargat "mallavAdi carita" meM ajitayazA ko mallavAdi sUri kA jyeSTha sahodara kahA hai aura munitva meM unako sUripada se vibhUSita 1. mallavAdi kA samaya IsvI 4 thI yA 5vIM zatAbdI nahIM ho sakatA, jaisA ( sva0 ) paM0 sukhalAlajI aura munivara zrI jambuvijayanI mAnate the| dUsarI ora mallavAdI ko vikrama kI 9vIM zatI taka khIMca lAnA bhI yukta nahIM hai, jaisA ki ( sva0 ) paM0 jugalakizora mukhtAra ne kiyA thA / ( unhoMne dharmottara para TippaNa likhane vAle, 9vIM zatAbdI ke mallavAdI, jo bauddha the, unako zvetAmbara dArzanika mallavAdI mAna liyA thaa|) mallavAdI ne niyuktiyoM meM se uddharaNa diye haiM, isalie unako hama 6ThI zatAbdI ke madhyabhAga se pahale nahIM rakha sakate aura dvAdazAranayacaka (IsvI 7vIM zatAbdI uttarArdha) ke TIkAkAra siMhasUri kSamAzramaNa se vaha pahale ho gaye haiN| 2. "svaparasattvavyuhAsopAdAnApAdyaM hi vastuno vastutvam / " "na viSayagrahaNapariNAmA hate'paraH saMvedane viSaya pratibhAso yujyate yuktyayogAt // " (Cf. H.R, Kapadia Anekantajaypataka, Vol II, Gaekwad's oriental Series, Vol. CV. Baroda 1947, "Introduction" p. 10). 3. yaha tathya bilkula hI spaSTa hai / 4. unakI Avazyaka-vRtti meM mallavAdI ke nAma se nimnalikhita gAthA uddhRta hai / yathAH "saGgaha visesa saGgaha visesapatthAramUlavAgaraNI / havvaDhio ca paJjavanao ca sesA viyappA siM / / (Kapadia, "Intro.", p. 10) lekina yaha gAthA kucha pAThAntara ke sAtha siddhasena divAkara ke sanmati prakaraNa meM milatI hai| (1.4) / yadi malayagiri ne bhramavaza ise mallavAdI kA mAna liyA to sambhava hai ki yaha mallavAdI kI sanmati-TIkA meM se hI liyA gayA ho| 4. Kapadia, Ibid. pp. LXXIII and 33. 4. Cf. Ibid. p. LXXIV.
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________________ 64 madhusUdana DhAMkI bhI batAyA gayA hai / ' pramANazAstra para unake dvArA kisI grantha lekhana kI bhI yahA~ sUcanA hai / ajitayazA kI yaha racanA Aja hamAre sAmane nahIM hai / prabhAvakacaritakAra ne ajitayazA se sambandhita uparyukta sUcanA kahA~ se prApta kI, yaha vicAraNIya hai / saM0 1291 ( IsvI 1235 ) ko eka aprakAzita tAr3apatrIya hastaprati meM anya zvetAmbara mahApuruSoM ke caritra mahApuruSoM ke caritra ke sAtha mallavAdi sUri kA carita bhI sammilita hai / 3 kyA yaha srotoM meM se eka hogA ? prabhAvakacarita se lagabhaga 135 varSa pUrva likhI gaI bRhadgacchIya Amradatta sUri kI AkhyAnakamaNikoza- vRtti meM bhI ajitayazA ke sambandha meM ThIka yahI bAta kahI gaI hai| isa kRti meM ajitayazA dvArA kisI grantha kI racanA se kucha varSa pUrva kI eka kRti-bhadrezvara sUri kI kahAvali - meM anya bAtoM ke sAtha vAdi ajitayazA dvArA grantha-lekhana kA ullekha hai / aisA lagatA hai ki kahAvali kA "mallavAdi carita" hI prabhAcandrAcArya ke " mallavAdi-caritra" meM pallavita huA hai / kahAvalikAra ne malla aura tIsare bandhu yakSa ( jisane bhI muni bana kara sUripada prApta kiyA ) ke sAtha hI ajitayazA ko bhI " paravAdi-vAraNa - mRgendra" kahA hai, jo unake nyAya-viSayaka aura dArzanika jJAna tathA khaDga sadRzya tIkSNa buddhi kA paricAyaka hai| zodha dvArA ajitayazA ke anya avataraNa unake nAma se athavA binA nAma ke, mila jAnA asambhava nahIM / hArila vAcaka aura unakA grantha thArApadra gaccha ke vAdivetAla zAnti sUri ne, aNahillapattana meM likhI gaI, svakRta uttarAdhyayana sUtra - vRtti ( prAkRtaH IsvI 1040 pUrva ) meM hArila vAcaka ke vairAgyaprabodhaka, do padya unake nAma sahita uddhRta kiye haiM / yathA: 1. saM0 jinavijaya muni, siMdhI jaina granthamAlA, ahamadAbAda kalakattA 1940, pR0 77 | 2. Ed. C. D. Dalal, A Descriptive catalogue of Manuscripts in the Jain Bhandars of Pattan, Gaekwad's oriental Series No. LXXVI, Baroda 1937, pp. 194-195. 3. saM0 muni puNyavijaya, prAkRta grantha pariSad, vArANasI 1962, pR0 172-173 / 4. " navaraM viraio ajiyajasso vAyago nio pamANagaMtho vi, ajiyajasso vAi nAma pasiddho / " Cf. Lalchandra B. Gandhi, "Introdution", Dvadasaranaya Cakra of Sri Mallavadisuri, Pt. 1 (Ed. Late muni Caturvijayji), Gaekwad's oriental Series, No, CXVI, Baroda 1252, p. 10; evaM saM0 muni jambuvijaya, "prAkkathanam " dvAdazAraM nayacakram, prathamo vibhAga ( 1-4 arA ), jaina AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara 1967, pR0 12), prabhAvakacarita meM saMskRta rUpa meM yahI bAta isa taraha milatI hai / " 'santi jyeSTho'jitayazAbhidhaH 10 // " tathA'jitazonAmaH pramANagranthamAha / 34 / " ( vahI, pR0 77-78 ) / 5. donoM granthoM ke pAThoM kI tulanA se yaha spaSTa hai / 6. bhogIlAla ja0 sAMDesarA, jaina Agama sAhityamAM gujarAta [ gujarAtI ], saMzodhanaM granthamAlA-granthAMka 8, gujarAta vidhAnasabhA, ahamadAbAda, pR0 217; tathA mohanalAla mehatA, jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa bhAga 3, vArANasI 1967, pR0 392 |
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________________ 65 zvetAmbara jaina sAhitya kI kucha anupalabdha racanAyeM tathA ca hArilavAcaka calaM rAjyaizvarya dhanakanakasAraH parijano napAda vAllabhyaM ca calamamarasaukhyaM ca vipulam / calaM rUpArogyaM calamiha caraM jIvitamidaM jano dRSTo yo vai janayati sukhaM so'pi hi clH|| tathA ca hArilaH "vAtoddhRto dahati hutabhugdehamekaM narANAM matto nAgaH kupitabhujagazcaikadehaM tathaiva / jJAnaM zIlaM vinayavibhavaudAryavijJAnadehAn sarvAnarthAn vahati vanitA'muSmikAnaihikAMzca // vidvatpravara bhogIlAla sAMDesarA kA kahanA hai ki prastuta vRtti meM eka anya avataraNa bhI milatA hai, jo racanAzailI kI dRSTi se hArila ko kRti meM se hI liyA gayA ho to asambhava nahIM / ' yathAH tathA cAhu bhavitrI bhUtAnAM pariNatimanAlocya niyatAM purA yadyatkiJcidvihitamazubhaM yauvanamadAt / punaH pratyAsanne mahati paralokaikagamane tadevaikaM puMsAM vyathayati jarAjorNavapuSAm // thArApadra-gaccha kA udbhava harigupta (hArila vAcaka ) kI paramparA meM baTezvara kSamAzramaNa ( IsvI 8vIM zatAbdI prArambha ) ko lekara huA thA aura zAnti sUri thArApadra-gaccha ke AmnAya meM hue haiN| isalie unakA apanI paramparA ke Adi muni kI kRti se paricita honA, aura apane grantha-saMgraha meM unakI vaha kRti hone kI apekSA bhI svAbhAvika hai| __samprati adhyayana meM isI koTi kA eka anya vairAgyaparaka padya bhI hamAre dekhane meM AyA, jo hArila vAcaka kA ho sakatA hai| uttarAdhyayanasutra kI bahadgacchIya devendra gaNi (bAda meM saiddhAntika nemicandra sUri ) kI sukhabodhA-TIkA ( saM0 1129/IsvI 1073 ) meM yaha binA nAma ke uddhRta hai / ThIka yahI padya kRSNarSi-ziSya jayasiMha sUri ke dharmopadeza-mAlAvivaraNa (saM0 915/IsvI 859 : dUsare caraNa meM; thor3A pAThabheda ke sAtha ) tathA unake pUrva kI racanA Avazyaka-sUtra kI cUNi meM bhI uddhRta huA hai / yathAH 1. sAMDesarA, vhii| 8. Cf. Jarl Charpentier, The Uttaradhyayana Sutra, Indian edition, New Delhi 1980, p. 285. 3. sampA0, paM0 lAlacanda bhagavAnadAsa gAndhI, siMdhI jaina granthamAlA, granthAMka 28, bambaI 1949, pR0 62 / 4. mehatA, jaina sAhitya kA bahada itihAsa, bhAga 3, pR0 304 /
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________________ madhusUdana DhAMkI varaM praviSTaM jvalitaM hutAzanaM na cApi bhagnaM cirasaMcitaM vratam / varaM hi mRtyuH parizuddhakarmaNo na zolavRttaskhalitasya jIvitam // jarmana vidvAnoM ne isa cUNi kA samaya IsvI 600-650 ke madhya mAnA hai|' kintu isa para jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ke vizeSAvazyakabhASya ( lagabhaga 575-585 IsvI) kA koI prabhAva na milane se ( sva0 ) muni puNyavijaya jI ne ise bhASya pUrva kI racanA svIkAra kiyA hai| parantu Avazyaka cUNi meM "siddhasena kSamAzramaNa" kA ullekha milatA hai, jinhoMne jinabhadragaNi ke jItakalpa-bhASya para cUNi likhI hai| isako dekhate hue Avazyaka-cUNi ko sAtavIM zatI ke pUrvArdha kI racanA mAnanA hI saMgata hogaa| Upara uddhRta pada nizcitarUpa se 7vIM zatI se pUrva kI jainaracanA hai| isakI zailI bhI hArila vAcaka kI zailI ke sadRza hai| sAtha hI pada ke sambhAvita samaya ke AdhAra para yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki yaha unakI hI racanA hogI, aura yaha bhI asambhava nahIM hai ki zAyada eka hI kRti meM se yaha saba uddhRta kiyA gayA ho / ( sva0 ) muni kalyANavijaya ko dhAraNA thI ki yaha hArila vAcaka vahI haiM, jinakA samaya yuga pradhAna paTTAvali meM "haribhadra'' nAma se vIra nirvANa saM0 1061/IsvI 534 diyA gayA hai| tripuTi mahArAja kA kathana hai ki paTTAvalikAra ne bhramavaza "harigupta" ke sthAna para ( vikhyAti ke kAraNa ) ( yAkinIsUnu ) "haribhadra' nAma likha diyA hai / yaha harigupta vahI hai, jinase kuvalayamAlA-kahAkAra (saM0 845/IsvI 779) ne apanI gurvAvali Arambha kiyA hai aura unako "torarAya" (huNarAja toramANa) se sammAnita bhI batAyA hai| "harigupta" kA prAkRta rUpa "hArila" bana sakatA hai aura yadi unakI svargagamana tithi IsvI 534 ho to vaha toramANa ke samakAlika bhI ho sakate haiN| uparyukta AdhAra para hArila vAcaka kI yaha ajJAta racanA 6ThI zatI ke Arambha kI mAnI jA sakatI hai| yaha kRti bhartRhari ke vairAgya-zataka jaisI rahI hogii| isake upalabdha padyoM meM rasa aura lAlitya ke sAtha zuddha vairAgya bhAvanA ( kucha khinnatA ke sAtha) pratibimbita hai| vAcaka siddhasena vAdivetAla zAnti sUri ne "sukhabodhA-vRtti" meM vAcaka siddhasena ke nAma se do zloka uddhRta kiye haiM / yathAH 1. yaha mAnyatA zUbiMga, alsaDorNAdi anveSakoM kI hai| vistAra bhaya se yahA~ unake mUla grantha ke sandarbha nahIM diye gaye hai| 2. "prastAvanA", zrI prabhAvaka caritra, [ gujarAtI bhASAntara ], zrI jaina AtmAnanda granthamAlA naM0 63 bhAvanagara 1931, pR0 54 / 3. jana paramparA no itihAsa ( bhAga 1 lo) (gujarAtI), zrI cAritrasmAraka granthamAlA gra0 51, ahamadAbAda 1942, pR0 447-448 / 4. mehatA, jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 3, pR0 391 /
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________________ zvetAmbara jaina sAhitya kI kucha anupalabdha racanAyeM mokSAya dharmasiddhayartha, zarIraM dhAryate ythaa| zarIradhArANArtha ca, bhaikSagrahaNamiSyate // tathaivopagrahArthAya, pAtraM cIvaramiSyate / jinairupagrahaH sAdhoriSyate na prigrhH|| jisa kRti se ye zloka liye gaye haiM, vaha yA to vilupta hai athavA abhI taka mila nahIM pAI hai|' vAcaka siddhasena prasiddha vAdI siddhasena divAkara se sarvathA bhinna jAna par3ate haiN| inakI kRti meM zailI-bheda aura viSaya kI bhinnatA spaSTa hai| yadi yaha siddhasena jItakalpacUNi tathA nizIthamUla-cUNi ke racayitA siddhasena kSamAzramaNa nahIM haiM to inheM koI anya ajJAta Agamika vidvAn mAnA jA sakatA hai| inakI lekhana-zailI 6ThI-7vIM zatAbdo ke bAda kI nahIM pratIta hotii| sAtha ho vAcaka padavI bhI 6ThI zatAbdI ke pazcAt dekhane meM nahIM aatii| prastuta lekha meM kevala cAra hI prAcInakartAoM kI lupta racanAoM ke sambandha meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai| bhaviSya meM aisI hI kucha anya vinaSTa evaM vilupta kRtiyoM ke sambandha meM vicAra kiyA jaayegaa| amerikana insTITyUTa Apha iNDiyana sTaDIja, -risarca DAirekTara, rAmanagara, vArANasI 1. vilupta mAnI jAne vAlI kRtiyA~ bAda meM mila gaI hoM, aise bahuta udAharaNa haiM / 2. yaha padavI madhyakAla meM punarjIvita kI gaI thii|