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________________ svAdhyAya kI maNiyA~ jaina-sAdhanA kA lakSya samabhAva (sAmAyika) kI upalabdhi hai aura samabhAva kI upalabdhi hetu svAdhyAya aura satsAhitya kA adhyayana Avazyaka hai| satsAhitya kA svAdhyAya manuSya kA aisA mitra hai, jo anukUla evaM pratikUla donoM sthitiyoM meM usakA sAtha nibhAtA hai aura sAtha hI usakA mArgadarzana kara usake mAnasika vikSobhoM evaM tanAvoM ko bhI samApta karatA hai| aise sAhitya ke svAdhyAya se vyakti ko sadaiva hI AtmatoSa aura AdhyAtmika Ananda kI anubhUti hotI hai; mAnasika tanAvoM se mukti milatI hai| yaha mAnasika zAnti kA amogha upAya hai| svAdhyAya kA mahattva satsAhitya ke svAdhyAya kA mahattva ati prAcIna kAla se hI svIkRta rahA hai| aupaniSadika cintana meM jaba ziSya apanI zikSA pUrNa karake guru ke Azrama se vidAI letA thA to use dI jAne vAlI antima zikSAoM meM eka zikSA hotI thI - 'svAdhyAyAn mA pramadaH' arthAt svAdhyAya meM pramAda mata krnaa| svAdhyAya eka aisI vastu hai jo guru kI anupasthiti meM bhI guru kA kArya karatI hai| svAdhyAya se hama koI-na-koI mArgadarzana prApta kara hI lete haiN| mahAtmA gAMdhI kahA karate the ki "jaba bhI maiM kisI kaThinAI meM hotA. ha~, mere sAmane koI jaTila samasyA hotI hai, jisakA nidAna mujhe spaSTa rUpa se pratIta nahIM hotA hai, maiM gItA-mAtA kI goda meM calA jAtA hai, vahA~ mujhe koI-na-koI samAdhAna avazya mila jAtA hai|" yaha satya hai ki vyakti kitane hI tanAva meM kyoM na ho agara vaha ImAnadArI se sad-granthoM kA svAdhyAya karatA hai, to use apanI pIr3A se mukti kA mArga avazya hI dikhAI detA hai| . jaina paramparA meM jise mukti kahA gayA hai, vaha vastuta: rAga-dveSa se mukti hai, mAnasika tanAvoM se mukti hai aura aisI mukti ke lie pUrva karma-saMskAroM kA nirjaraNa yA kSaya Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| nirjarA kA artha hai - mAnasika granthiyoM ko jarjarita karanA arthAt mana kI rAga-dveSa, ahaGkAra Adi kI gA~ThoM ko kholnaa| ise granthi bheda karanA bhI kahate haiN| nirjarA eka sAdhanA hai| vastuta: vaha tapa kI hI sAdhanA hai| jaina paramparA meM tapa-sAdhanA ke jo 12 bheda mAne gaye haiM; unameM svAdhyAya kI gaNanA Antarika tapa ke antargata hotI hai| isa prakAra svAdhyAya mukti kA mArga hai| jaina-sAdhanA kA eka
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________________ Avazyaka aMga hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM svAdhyAya ko Antarika.tapa kA eka prakAra batAte hue usake pA~coM aMgoM evaM unakI upalabdhiyoM kI vistAra se carcA kI gaI hai| bRhatkalpabhASya meM spaSTa rUpa se yaha kahA gayA hai ki - 'navi asthi na vi a hohI, sajjhAya samaM tapo kamma' arthAt svAdhyAya ke samAna dUsarA tapa na atIta meM koI thA, na vartamAna meM koI hai aura na bhaviSya meM koI hogaa| isa prakAra jaina paramparA meM svAdhyAya ko AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke kSetra meM vizeSa mahattva diyA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki svAdhyAya se jJAna kA prakAza prApta hotA hai jisase samasta duHkhoM kA kSaya ho jAtA hai| vastutaH svAdhyAya jJAna prApti kA eka mahattvapUrNa upAya hai| kahA bhI hai nANassa savyassa pagAsaNAe annANa-mohassa vivjjnnaae| rAgassa dosassa ya saMkhaeNaM egantasokkhaM samuvei mokkhaM / / tassesa maggo guru-viddhasevA vivajjaNA bAlajaNassa duuraa| sajjhAya-egantanisevaNA ya sutta'tthasaMcintaNayA dhiI y|| - utta0, 32/2-3. arthAt sampUrNa jJAna ke prakAzana se, ajJAna aura moha ke parihAra se, rAga-dveSa ke pUrNa kSaya se-jIva ekAnta sukha-rUpa mokSa ko prApta karatA hai| garujanoM aura vRddhoM kI sevA karanA, ajJAnI logoM ke samparka se dUra rahanA, sUtra aura artha kA cintana karanA, svAdhyAya karanA aura dhairya rakhanA - yaha duHkhoM se mukti kA upAya hai| svAdhyAya kA artha "svAdhyAya' zabda kA sAmAnya artha hai - sva kA adhyyn| vAcaspatyam meM svAdhyAya zabda kI vyAkhyA do prakAra se kI gayI hai -- (1) sva+adhi+INa, jisakA tAtparya hai ki sva kA adhyayana krnaa| dUsare zabdoM meM- svAdhyAya AtmAnubhUti hai, apane andara jhAMka kara apane Apa ko dekhanA hai| vaha svayaM apanA adhyayana hai| merI dRSTi meM apane vicAroM, vAsanAoM va anubhUtiyoM ko jAnane va samajhane kA prayatna hI svAdhyAya hai| vastutaH vaha apanI AtmA kA adhyayana hI hai, AtmA ke darpaNa meM apane ko dekhanA hai| jaba taka sva kA adhyayana nahIM hogA, vyakti apanI vAsanAoM evaM vikAroM
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________________ 96 dUra Atma-1 kA draSTA nahIM banegA, taba taka vaha unheM dUra karane kA prayatna nahIM karegA aura jaba taka ve nahIM hoMge, taba taka AdhyAtmika pavitratA yA Atma-vizuddhi sambhava nahIM hogii| - vizuddhi ke binA mukti asambhava hai| yaha eka suspaSTa tathya hai ki jo gRhiNI apane ghara kI gandagI ko dekha pAtI hai, vaha use dUra kara ghara ko svaccha bhI rakha sakatI hai| isI prakAra jo vyakti apanI manodaihika vikRtiyoM ko jAna letA hai aura unake kAraNoM kA nidAna kara letA hai, vahI suyogya vaidya ke parAmarza se unakI yogya cikitsA karake anta meM svAsthya lAbha karatA hai| yahI bAta hamArI AdhyAtmika vikRtiyoM ko dUra karane kI prakriyA meM bhI lAgU hotI hai / jo vyakti svayaM apane andara jhA~kakara apanI caitasika vikRtiyoM arthAt kaSAyoM ko jAna letA hai, vahI yogya guru ke sAnnidhya meM unakA nirAkaraNa karake AdhyAtmika vizuddhatA ko prApta kara letA hai| isa prakAra svAdhyAya arthAt sva kA adhyayana, Atma-vizuddhi kI eka anupama sAdhanA siddha hotI hai| hameM smaraNa rakhanA hogA svAdhyAya kA mUla artha to apanA adhyayana hI haiM, svayaM meM jhA~kanA hai| svayaM ko jAnane aura pahacAnane kI vRtti ke abhAva se sUtroM yA granthoM ke adhyayana kA koI bhI lAbha nahIM hotA / antarcakSu ke unmIlana ke binA jJAna kA prakAza sArthaka nahIM bana pAtA hai| kahA bhI hai -- subahupi suyamahIyaM, kiM kAhI? caraNavippahINassa / aMdhassa jaha palittA, dIvasayasahasrakoDivi / / appaMpi suyamahIyaM payAsayaM hoI caraNajuttassa / ikko'vi jaha paIvo, sacakkhuassA payAser3a / / Avazyakaniryukti, 98-99 arthAt jaise andhe vyakti ke lie karor3oM dIpakoM kA prakAza bhI vyartha hai; kintu A~kha vAle vyakti ke lie eka bhI dIpaka kA prakAza sArthaka hotA hai| usI prakAra jisake antarcakSu khula gaye haiM, jisakI antaryAtrA prArambha ho cukI hai, aise AdhyAtmika sAdhaka ke lie svalpa adhyayana bhI lAbhaprada hotA hai, anyathA Atma-vismRta vyakti ke lie karor3oM padoM kA jJAna bhI nirarthaka hai| svAdhyAya meM antazcakSu kA khulanA - bananA, svayaM meM jhA~kanA pahalI zarta hai, zAstra kA par3hanA yA adhyayana karanA usakA dUsarA caraNa hai| -- Atma-draSTA svAdhyAya zabda kI dUsarI vyAkhyA su + A + adhi + IDa isa rUpa meM bhI kI gayI hai / isa dRSTi se svAdhyAya kI paribhASA hotI hai 'zobhano'dhyAyaH svAdhyAya:' arthAt satsAhitya kA adhyayana karanA hI svAdhyAya hai| svAdhyAya kI ina donoM paribhASAoM ke AdhAra para eka bAta jo ubhara kara sAmane AtI hai vaha yaha ki sabhI prakAra kA paThana-pAThana svAdhyAya nahIM hai| Atma-vizuddhi ke lie kiyA gayA apanI svakIya -
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________________ vRttiyoM, bhAvanAoM va vAsanAoM athavA vicAroM kA adhyayana yA nirIkSaNa tathA aise sadgranthoM kA paThana-pAThana, jo hamArI caitasika vikRtiyoM ko samajhane aura unheM dUra karane meM sahAyaka hoM, hI svAdhyAya ke antargata Ate haiN| viSaya-vAsanAvarddhaka, bhogAkAMkSAoM ko udIpta karane vAle, citta ko vicalita karane vAle aura AdhyAtmika zAnti aura samatA ko bhaMga karane vAle sAhitya kA adhyayana svAdhyAya kI koTi meM nahIM AtA hai| unhIM granthoM kA adhyayana svAdhyAya kI koTi meM AtA hai jinase cittavRttiyoM kI caJcalatA kama hotI ho, mana prazAnta hotA ho aura jIvana meM santoSa kI vRtti vikasita hotI ho| svAdhyAya kA svarUpa svAdhyAya ke antargata kauna-sI pravRttiyA~ AtI haiM, inakA vizleSaNa jaina paramparA meM vistAra se kiyA gayA hai| svAdhyAya ke pA~ca aMga mAne gae haiM -- 1. vAcanA, 2. pratipracchanA, 3. parAvartanA, 4. anuprekSA aura 5. dhrmkthaa| 1. guru ke sAnidhya meM sadgranthoM kA adhyayana karanA vAcanA hai| vartamAna sandarbha meM hama kisI sadgrantha ke paThana-pAThana evaM adhyayana ko vAcanA ke artha meM gRhIta kara sakate haiN| pratipracchanA kA artha hai paThita yA par3he jAne vAle grantha ke arthabodha meM sandeha Adi kI nivRtti hetu jijJAsAvRtti se yA viSaya ke spaSTIkaraNa nimitta prazna-uttara krnaa| 3. pUrva paThita grantha kI punarAvRtti yA pArAyaNa karanA, parAvartanA hai| 4. pUrva paThita viSaya ke sandarbha meM cintana-manana karanA anuprekSA hai| 5. . . isI prakAra adhyayana ke mAdhyama se jo jJAna prApta huA hai, use dUsaroM ko pradAna karanA yA dharmopadeza denA dharmakathA hai| ___ yahA~ yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA hai ki svAdhyAya ke kSetra meM ina pA~coM avasthAoM kA eka krama hai| inameM prathama sthAna vAcanA kA hai| adhyayana kie gaye viSaya ke spaSTa bodha ke lie praznottara ke mAdhyama se zaMkA kA nivAraNa karanA-- isakA krama dUsarA hai; kyoMki jaba taka adhyayana nahIM hogA, taba taka zaMkA Adi nahIM hoNge| adhyayana kie gae viSaya ke sthirIkaraNa ke lie usakA pArAyaNa Avazyaka hai| isase eka ora smRti sudRr3ha hotI hai to dUsarI ora kramaza: arthabodha meM spaSTatA kA vikAsa hotA hai| isake pazcAt anuprecchA yA cintana kA krama AtA hai| cintana ke mAdhyama se vyakti paThita viSaya ko na kevala sthira karatA hai, apitu vaha usake arthabodha kI gaharAI meM jAkara svata: kI anubhUti ke stara para use samajhane kA prayatna karatA hai| isa prakAra cintana evaM manana
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________________ 98 dvArA jaba viSaya spaSTa ho jAtA, taba vyakti ko dharmopadeza yA adhyayana kA adhikAra milatA hai| svAdhyAya ke lAbha uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM yaha prazna upasthita kiyA gayA hai ki svAdhyAya se jIva ko kyA lAbha hai? isake uttara meM kahA gayA hai ki svAdhyAya se jJAnAvaraNakarma kA kSaya hotA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM AtmA mithyAjJAna kA AcaraNa dUra kara samyak-jJAna kA arjana karatA hai| svAdhyAya ke isa sAmAnya lAbha kI carcA ke sAtha uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM svAdhyAya ke pA~coM aMgoM - vAcanA, pratipracchanA, dharmakathA Adi ke apane-apane kyA lAbha hote haiM--- isakI bhI carcA kI gayI hai, jo nimna rUpa meM pAyI jAtI hai -- bhante! vAcanA (adhyayana-adhyApana) se jIva ko kyA prApta hotA hai? ___ vAcanA se jIva karmoM kI nirjarA karatA hai, zrutajJAna kI AzAtanA ke doSa se dUra rahane vAlA vaha tIrtha-dharma kA avalambana karatA hai - gaNadharoM ke samAna jijJAsa ziSyoM ko zruta pradAna karatA hai| tIrtha-dharma kA avalambana lekara karmoM kI mahAnirjarA karatA hai aura mahAparyavasAna (saMsAra kA anta) karatA hai| bhante! pratipracchanA se jIva ko kyA prApta hotA hai? / pratipracchanA (pUrvapaThita zAstra ke sambandha meM zaMkAnivRtti ke lie prazna karanA) se jIva sUtra, artha aura tadubhaya - donoM se sambandhita kAMkSAmohanIya (saMzaya) kA nirAkaraNa karatA hai| bhante! parAvartanA se jIva ko kyA prApta hotA hai? parAvartanA se arthAt paThita pATha ke punarAvartana se vyaMjana (zabda-pATha) sthira hotA hai aura jIva padAnusAritA Adi vyaMjanA-labdhi ko prApta hotA hai| bhante! anuprekSA se jIva ko kyA prApta hotA hai? anuprekSA se arthAt sUtrArtha ke cintana-manana se jIva AyuSya-karma ko chor3akara zeSa jJAnAvaraNAdi sAta karmoM kI prakRtiyoM ke pragAr3ha bandhana ko zithila karatA hai, unakI dIrghakAlIna sthiti ko alpakAlIna karatA hai, unake tIvra rasAnubhAva ko manda karatA hai, sAtha hI bahukarma-pradezoM ko alpa-pradezoM meM parivartita karatA hai, AyuSyakarma kA bandha kadAcit karatA hai, kadAcit nahIM bhI karatA hai, asAtAvedanIya-karma kA punaH punaH upacaya nahIM karatA hai, saMsAraM aTavI anAdi evaM ananta hai, dIrghamArga se yukta hai, jisake narakAdi gatirUpa cAra anta (avayava) haiM, use zIghra hI pAra karatA hai| bhante! dharmakathA (dhamopadeza) se jIva ko kyA prApta hotA hai?
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________________ 99 dharmakathA se jIva karmoM kI nirjarA karatA hai aura pravacana (zAsana evaM siddhAnta) kI prabhAvanA karatA hai| pravacana kI prabhAvanA karane vAlA jIva bhaviSya meM zubha phala dene vAle puNya karmoM kA bandha karatA hai| isI prakAra sthAnAGgasUtra meM bhI zAstrAdhyayana ke kyA lAbha haiM? isakI carcA upalabdha hotI hai| isameM kahA gayA hai ki sUtra kI vAcanA ke 5 lAbha haiM 1. vAcanA se zruta kA saMgraha hotA hai arthAt yadi adhyayana kA krama banA rahe to jJAna kI vaha paramparA avicchinna rUpa se calatI rahatI hai / 2. zAstrAdhyayana-adhyApana kI pravRtti se ziSya kA hita hotA hai, kyoMki vaha usake jJAna prApti kA mahattvapUrNa sAdhana hai / 3. zAstrAdhyayana adhyApana kI pravRtti banI rahane se jJAnAvaraNa karma kI nirjarA hotI hai, arthAt ajJAna kA nAza hotA hai / 4. adhyayana-adhyApana kI pravRtti ke jIvita rahane se usake vismRta hone kI sambhAvanA nahIM rahatI hai / 5. jaba zruta sthira rahatA hai to usakI avicchinna paramparA calatI rahatI hai| svAdhyAya kA prayojana sthAnAGgasUtra meM svAdhyAya kyoM karanA cAhie isakI carcA upalabdha hotI hai| isameM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki svAdhyAya ke nimna pA~ca prayojana hone cAhie 5. 1. jJAna kI prApti ke lie, 2. samyak jJAna kI prApti ke lie, 3. sadAcaraNa meM pravRtti ke hetu, 4. durAgrahoM aura ajJAna kA vimocana karane ke lie, yathArtha kA bodha karane ke lie yA yathA avasthita bhAvoM kA jJAna prApta karane ke lie| AcArya akalaMka ne tattvArtharAjavArtika ( 9/25) meM svAdhyAya ke nimna pA~ca prayojanoM kI bhI carcA kI hai waddam -- 1. buddhi kI nirmalatA, 2 prazasta manobhAvoM kI prApti, 3. jinazAsana kI rakSA, 4. saMzaya kI nivRtti, 5. parivAdiyoM kI zaMkA kA nirasana, tapa-tyAga kI vRddhi aura aticAra (doSoM) kI zuddhi / svAdhyAya kA sAdhaka jIvana meM sthAna svAdhyAya kA jaina paramparA meM kitanA mahattva rahA hai, isa sambandha meM apanI ora se kucha na kahakara uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke mAdhyama se hI apanI bAta ko spaSTa karU~gA / usameM muni kI jIvanacaryA kI carcA karate hue kahA gayA hai -- divasassa cauro bhAge kujjA bhikkhU viyakkhaNo / tao uttaraguNe kujjA diNabhAgesu causu vi / / -
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________________ paDhamaM porisiM sajjhAyaM bIyaM jhANaM jhiyaayii| taiyAe bhikkhAyariyaM puNo cautthIe sjjhaayN|| rattiM pi cauro bhAge bhikkhU kujjA viykkhnno| tao uttaraguNe kujjA rAibhAesu causu vi|| paDhamaM porisi sajjhAyaM bIyaM jhANaM jhiyaayii| taiyAe niddamokkhaM tu cautthI bhujjo vi sjjhaayN|| - uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 26/11,12,17, 18. muni dina ke prathama prahara meM svAdhyAya kare, dUsare prahara meM dhyAna kare, tIsare meM bhikSAcaryA evaM daihika AvazyakatA kI nivRtti kA kArya kre| puna: caturtha prahara meM svAdhyAya kre| isI prakAra rAtri ke prathama prahara meM svAdhyAya, dUsare meM dhyAna, tIsare meM nidrA va cauthe meM punaH svAdhyAya kA nirdeza hai| isa prakAra muni pratidina cAra prahara arthAt 12 ghaNTe svAdhyAya meM rata rahe, dUsare zabdoM meM sAdhaka jIvana kA AdhA bhAga svAdhyAya ke lie niyata thaa| isase yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jaina paramparA meM svAdhyAya kI mahattA prAcIna kAla se hI susthApita rahI, kyoMki yahI eka aisA mAdhyama thA jisake dvArA vyakti ke ajJAna kA nivAraNa tathA AdhyAtmika vizuddhi sambhava thii| satsAhitya ke adhyayana kI dizAe~ __ satsAhitya ke paThana ke rUpa meM svAdhyAya kI kyA upayogitA hai? yaha suspaSTa hai| vastuta: satsAhitya kA adhyayana vyakti kI jIvanadRSTi ko hI badala detA hai| aise aneka loga haiM, jinakI satsAhitya ke adhyayana se jIvana kI dizA hI badala gyii| svAdhyAya eka aisA mAdhyama hai, jo ekAnta ke kSaNoM meM hameM akelApana mahasUsa nahIM hone detA aura eka sacce mitra kI bhA~ti sadaiva sAtha detA hai aura mArgadarzana karatA hai| vartamAna yuga meM yadyapi logoM meM par3hane-par3hAne kI ruci vikasita huI hai, kintu hamAre paThana kI viSaya-vastu samyak nahIM hai| Aja ke vyakti ke paThana-pAThana kA mukhya viSaya patra-patrikAe~ haiN| inameM mukhya rUpa se ve hI patrikAe~ adhika pasanda kI jA rahI haiM, jo vAsanAoM ko ubhArane vAlI tathA jIvana ke vidrUpita pakSa ko yathArtha ke nAma para prakaTa karane vAlI haiN| Aja samAja meM naitika mUlyoM kA jo patana ho rahA hai usakA kAraNa hamAre prasAra mAdhyama bhI haiN| ina mAdhyamoM meM patra-patrikAe~ tathA AkAzavANI evaM dUradarzana pramukha haiN| Aja sthiti aisI hai ki ye sabhI apaharaNa, balAtkAra, gabana, DakaitI, corI, hatyA ina sabakI sUcanAoM se bhare hote haiM aura hama unake par3hane aura dekhane meM adhika rasa lete haiN| inake darzana aura pradarzana se hamArI jIvanadRSTi hI vikRta ho cukI hai| Aja saccaritra vyaktiyoM evaM unake jIvana vRttAntoM kI sAmAnya rUpa se ina mAdhyamoM
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________________ 101 dvArA upekSA kI jAtI hai| ata: naitika mUlyoM aura sadAcAra se hamArI AsthA uThatI jA rahI hai| isa vikRta paristhiti meM yadi manuSya ke caritra ko uThAnA hai aura use sanmArga evaM naitikatA kI ora prerita karanA hai to hameM apane adhyayana kI dRSTi ko badalanA hogaa| Aja sAhitya ke nAma para jo bhI hai vaha paThanIya hai, aisA nahIM hai| Aja yaha Avazyaka hai ki satsAhitya kA prasAraNa ho aura logoM meM usake adhyayana kI abhiruci jAgRta ho| satsAhitya aura sUkti . satsAhitya kI vividha vidhAoM meM upadezAtmaka gAthAoM aura sUktiyoM kA apanA mahattva hai| ye gAthAyeM yA sUktiyA~ ati saMkSepa meM gahana tathyoM ko prakAzita karane meM samartha hotI haiN| inake mAdhyama se alpa svAdhyAya se bhI vyakti una sArabhUta tathyoM ko pA letA hai, jo usake jIvana ke vikAsa evaM mUlyaniSThA meM sahAyaka hote haiN| yadi vyakti niyamita rUpa se satsAhitya kI pA~ca gAthAoM yA zlokoM kA bhI paThana evaM cintana kare, to usake jIvana kI dizA badala sakatI hai| kahA bhI hai satasaiyA ke dohare, jyoM nAvika ke tiir| dekhana meM choTana lage, ghAva kare gmbhiir|| --- mahAkavi bihArI