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________________ sugata-zAsana meM 'ahiMsA' pro0 umA zaMkara byAsa yadyapi ahiMsA' zabda tathA isameM antanihita Azaya ati prAcInakAla se hI brAhmaNa, bauddha evaM jaina cintana-dhArAoM meM prApta hai| tathApi ina tInoM meM samAnatA kI apekSA dRSTivaicitrya-janita vaiSamya hI adhika dRSTigata hotA hai| udAharaNArtha, brAhmaNa dharma kI advaitavAdI tathA jJAnamArgI zAkhAoM meM 'ahiMsA' sattva-mAtra meM ekAtmya para AdhArita hai jabaki IzvaravAdiyoM ne samasta prANiyoM ko ArAdhya prabhu kA nirmANa tathA usa parama kAruNika kI hI abhivyakti mAnate hue una sabhI ke prati avihiMsana tathA apIr3ana ko hI prabhu kI paramopAsanA mAnA hai| jaina-dharma meM to 'ahiMsA' kA atizIrSasthAnIya mahattva hai| yahAM 'ahiMsA' AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke paramalakSya kI ora le jAne vAlA mahatvapUrNa upAya to hai hI, sAtha hI pAramArthika Azaya meM to upeya bhii| jaina-dharma kI yaha ativiziSTa dhAraNA unake isa viziSTa tattva-vimarza para AdhArita hai ki yaha jagat 'jIva' evaM 'ajIva' ina do mUlabhUta tattvoM se samanvita hai| na kevala cetana apitu kanda, mUla evaM phaloM jaise acetana bhI jIva hone se jaina-dharma kI ahiMsA kI ati-vyApaka paridhi meM A jAte haiM / sAtha hI jaina-darzana kA viziSTa karmasiddhAnta bhI unakI AcAra-mImAMsA-vizeSatayA 'ahiMsA' kI avadhAraNA kI viziSTatA ke lie uttaradAyI hai / bauddhoM meM 'karma' kA tAtparya mAnasika cetanA yA cittagata vAsanA hai joki kArya-kAraNa bhAva ke rUpa meM sukha yA duHkha kA hetu banatI hai / phalasvarUpa bauddhoM meM kisI sacetana kriyA ko hI 'karma' mAnA gayA / dUsarI ora jaina-darzana meM 'karma' eka sarvathA svataMtra tattva hai| yaha 'ajIva' dravya hai joki ananta paramANuoM kA skandha (rAzi) hai / svabhAvata: vizuddhasvarUpa vAlI AtmA karma ke yoga dvArA hI bandhana grasta hotI hai| jaina sAdhanA kA antima lakSya karmoM ke 'Asrava' kA kSaya tathA nirjarAtva kI prApti hai| jahAM sAmAnya kRtya sAmparAyika hai vahIM samyak-cAritra dvArA prabhAvita karma IryApatha haiM / vastutaH jaina AcAra-mImAMsA evaM tapa kA ekamAtra lakSya abhinava karmoM ke udaya ko rokanA tathA saJcita karmoM kA kSaya hai| isa prakAra jaina-dharma meM 'ahiMsA' unake karma-siddhAnta kI viziSTatA ke kAraNa hI sarvathA svatantra svarUpa ke sAtha pratiSThita huI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jahAM bauddhoM meM kevala jAnabUjhakara kI gaI para-pIr3ana-kriyA hI 'hiMsA' hotI hai-jainoM meM (kama-se-kama prAyogika stara meM) kisI bhI taraha kA prANAtipAta 'hiMsA' karma bana jAtA hai / isa sandarbha meM yaha bhI dhyAtavya hai ki jaina-dharmAnuyAyI gRhasthoM tathA jaina-saMgha ke madhya ati prAcInakAla se jisa prakAra ke nikaTatama sambandha rahe haiM vaise saMbhavata: bauddha upAsakoM evaM bauddha saMgha ke madhya kabhI bhI nahIM the| phalasvarUpa 'ahiMsA' Adi vratoM ke anuSThAna ke sandarbha meM gRhI jainoM evaM muniyoM ke madhya jo antara hai vaha mAtra guNAtmakatA kA hai, prakAra kA nhiiN| aNu-vrata ke rUpa meM inakA anuSThAna eka prakAra se virakta jIvana meM praveza kA pUrvAbhyAsa-sA hai / tIna guNavatoM tathA cAra zikSAvratoM ke grahaNa kI vyavasthA isI tathya kI ora iMgita karatI pratIta hotI hai| dUsarI ora, bauddha upAsakoM evaM bhikSu-saMgha ke madhya kisI atisuspaSTa evaM pragAr3ha sambandhoM ke abhAva meM gRhastha bauddhoM meM vyAvahArika taura para 'ahiMsA' kA avataraNa prabhAvazAlI rUpa se nahIM ho skaa| jahAM binA kisI apavAda ke samasta jaina gRhastha zAkAhArI haiM, vahIM samprati bauddha upAsakoM kA bahumata prAyazaH mAMsAhArI hai| eka anya tathya donoM dharmoM ke pravartakoM ke maulika dRSTikoNa meM pAyA jAne vAlA antara bhI hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ugra tapazcaryA evaM vizuddha cAritra ke prabala pakSadhara the tathA ina mAmaloM meM kisI bhI prakAra kI zithilatA ke sarvathA viruddha the| phalasvarUpa kisI bhI jaina ke lie 'mAMsAhAra' to kyA, kabhI-kabhI to kucha vizeSa prakAra ke kandoM evaM mUloM taka ke bhakSaNa kI kalpanA bhI azakya hai| dUsarI ora zAkyamuni buddha ne tattvajJAna, pramANa evaM AcAra Adi sabhI pakSoM ko madhyama-pratipadA kI kasauTI para parakhA, ugra tatpazcaryA ko eka anta udghoSita kiyA evaM prajJA tathA karuNA ko hI 'AtmoddharaNa' kA ekamAtra mArga btlaayaa| phalasvarUpa bauddha-saMgha ko unhoMne tIna koTiyoM se 1. chAndogya upaniSad 3.17, sekreDa buksa oNpha dI IsTa, sIrIja jaina dharma evaM AcAra
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________________ parizuddha matsya evaM mAMsa-bhakSaNa taka kI svIkRti dii| isa prakAra yaha suspaSTa hai ki 'brAhmaNa, jaina evaM bauddha-ina tInoM paramparAoM kI pRthak-pRthaka pRSThabhUmiyoM ne unake 'ahisA' sambandhI dRSTikoNoM ko pUrNatayA prabhAvita kiyA hai, jisase pratyeka kI avadhAraNAoM kA apanA vaiziSTya hai| prastuta meM 'bauddha-dharma' meM 'ahiMsA' ke viziSTasvarUpa kA pratipAdana abhISTa hone se use hI prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| bauddha-dharma meM ahiMsA'- sthaviravAdiyoM dvArA mUla buddha-vacana rUpa meM udghoSita pAli-tripiTaka tathA paravartI bauddha-sAhitya ke anuzIlana ke AdhAra para 'ahiMsA' kI avadhAraNA kA vizleSaNa nimna do zIrSakoM ke antargata kiyA jA sakatA hai : (a) 'ahiMsA' eka citta-dharma (cetas ) ke rUpa meM, tathA (A) 'ahiMsA' eka 'zIla' ke rUpa meM / pAli-abhidhamma (tattva-mImAMsA) meM citta, cetasika, rUpa tathA nibbANa ko paramatthadhamma mAnA gayA hai| cetasika kA udaya evaM nirodha citta ke hI sAtha hotA hai| inakA Alambana bhI vahI hotA hai jo citta kaa| kintu theravAda meM parigaNita 52 prakAra ke cetasikoM meM 'ahiMsA' nAma kA koI svatantra dharma parigaNita nahIM hai tathA yaha bhI spaSTa rUpa se ullikhita nahIM hai ki ise kisa 'kuzala' cetasika meM antarbhUta kiyA jAe, phira bhI 'ahiMsA' ko 'adoso' (adveSa) nAmaka kuzala cetasika ke samutthAna kA hI pratiphala mAnA jA sakatA hai| sarvAstivAdiyoM kA abhidharma-sAhitya ativistRta hai jisake adhikatama bhAga saMskRta meM vilupta, para cInI bhASA meM abhI taka prApya haiM / yahAM 'ahiMsA' ko eka svatantra cetasika mAnA gayA hai jisake udaya se kAyika-karma ke rUpa meM 'ahiMsA' kA AcaraNa saMbhava hotA hai| vijJaptimAtratA-siddhi-prakaraNa' meM sthiramati ne 'ahiMsA ke kAyika vyavahAra kA samutthAna 'karuNA' nAmaka cetasika ke udaya se mAnA hai|' unhoMne 'karuNA' yA 'anukampA' nAmaka cittadharma para 'ahiMsA' ke puNyamaya AcaraNa ko AdhArita batalAyA hai| dUsarI ora dharmapAla nAmaka eka anya vijJAnavAdI AcArya ke anusAra 'adveSa' hI vaha citta-dharma hai jisake kAraNa 'ahiMsA' kA prayoga saMbhava hotA hai| dveSanAmaka cittadharma kA udaya citta meM hone para AlambanabhUta padArtha jIva ke vihiMsana kA kRtya vijJApita hotA hai jabaki isake pratipakSIbhUta 'adveSa' citta-dharma ke abhyutthAna se ukta padArtha kA avihiNsn|| isa prakAra 'ahiMsA' ke isa prAcIna manovaijJAnika vizleSaNa se yaha tathya udghATita hotA hai ki 'ahiMsA' ke prayoga kA manovaijJAnika AdhAra prANi-mAtra ke prati karuNA evaM maitrI ke ve udAttabhAva haiM jinase udvelita ho svayaM zAkyamuni buddha ne pahale to vyaktigata vaibhavoM ko tilAJjali dI, mahAbhiniSkramaNa kiyA tathA sambodhi prApti ke anantara assI varSa kI Ayu taka bahujanahitAya nAnA nigamoM evaM janapadoM meM cArikA kA caraNa kiyA / dhammapada meM prANidhAta se virata rahane kA upadeza dete hue yaha kahA hai ki "sabhI mRtyu se Darate haiM, sabhI ko apane prANa pyAre haiM, ata: dUsaroM kI pIr3A ko svayaM apanI pIr3A samajhate hue na unheM mAro, na isake lie dUsaroM ko prerita kro|" 'karuNA' evaM 'maitrI' ke atirikta, hI (lajjA) evaM apatrApya nAmaka citta-dharma bhI 'ahiMsA' kI prAyogika dazA kI mAnasika pRSThabhUmi haiM, kyoMki prANi-vihiMsanakRtya meM jo krUratA hai usakI pariNati 'hI' Adi meM bhI ho sakatI hai| sAmaphalasutta' meM cullasIloM ke vyAkhyAna-krama meM bhI 'ahiMsA' ke prayoga ke mAnasika hetu ke rUpa meM dayA-hitAnukampA evaM lajjA ko hI batalAyA gayA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki 'ahiMsA' kA jo vyAvahArika prayoga hai vaha tabhI saMbhava hai jaba isake Antarika hetu ke rUpa meM hamAre citta meM anukampA, adveSa yA lajjA vidyamAna rhegii| sAtha hI yaha bhI na bhUlanA cAhie ki 'ahiMsA' bauddha-vicAra meM eka zobhana kRtya hai| yaha kisI kRtya kA viSaya na hokara svayaM hI kRtya rUpa meM svAnta:-sukha kA AdhAna karAne vAlI hai / isake viparIta, dveSacitta vAlA vyakti vastutaH svayaM apanA hI apakAra karatA hai / dhammapada kI yaha ukti isI tathya kA saMketa karAtI hai :-"na hi vereNa verANi sammantIha kdaacn|" ina sabhI tathA etatsadRza anya sthaloM ke dekhane se yaha suspaSTa ho jAtA hai ki 'ahiMsA' vastuta: bauddha zabdAvalI meM 'mettAbhAvanA' kA hI dUsarA nAma hai| isa prakAra ahiMsA mAtra-prANighAta se virati ke rUpa meM niSedhAtmaka tathya hI na hokara, karuNA evaM mettA ke rUpa meM eka sarvathA bhAvAtmaka (Positive) dharma bhI hai| kintu AdhyAtmika pragati ke krama meM eka aisI sthiti bhI AtI hai jaba ki 'ahiMsA' 'mettA appamA ' nAmaka citta-sthiti meM vilIna ho jAtI hai| samasta sattva sukhI, zAnta evaM kuzalI hoM, isa prakAra kI icchA karate hue aparimeya prANiyoM ke prati anukampA jAgata 1. tAiso saMskaraNa meM cInI tipiTaka bhAga, 5-26 pR0 19 ba, 2. vijJaptimAtratAsiddhi pR0 28, 3. dhammapada, 5126, 4. sAmaJaphala sutta, 1. dhammapada, 1-7, 100 bhAcAryaratna zrI vezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana ma
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________________ karake jaba mettA-bhAvanA meM samasta sattvoM kA antarbhAva kara liyA jAtA hai taba yaha viziSTa citta-sthiti utpanna hotI hai| mettA dvArA 'ahiMsA' ke hetubhUta citta kA vilayana bhI vimutti-citta meM ho jAtA hai (mettA-ceto-vimutti), aura isa prakAra maitrI-bhAvanA ke vikAsa dvArA citta kI vimukti ho jAtI hai / kahane kA tAtparya yahI hai ki 'ahiMsA' kA prayoga mettA-citta ke vikAsa meM atyanta upAdeya hai| vastutaH yaha aisA sazakta mAdhyama hai jisake dvArA sAdhaka mettA-citta kA vikAsa karate hue AdhyAtmika-yAtrA ke antima par3Ava taka pahuMca sakatA hai / 'ahiMsA' ke citta-vizuddhi ke sandarbha meM isa prakAra kI upAdeyatA ke kAraNa hI saMbhavataH aSTAMgika mArga ke sammAkammAnta ke rUpa meM dasa prakAra ke kusala kammapathoM meM se prathama kamma-patha ke rUpa meM, tathA sigAlika ke upadeza dene ke krama meM aneka prakAra se 'ahiMsA' kA upadeza prArambhika bauddha-dharma ke pAli-sAhitya meM kiyA gayA hai| uparyukta manovaijJAnika vyAkhyAna ke atirikta 'zIla' ke rUpa meM bhI bauddha-vinaya meM 'ahiMsA' kA nirvacana kiyA gayA hai| upAsakoM ke lie upadiSTa paJcazIloM tathA sAmaNeroM ke lie nirdiSTa dasa sIloM meM 'prANAtipAta se virati' ko sabhI zIloM meM sthUlatama yA cullasIla hone se sarvaprathama rakhA gayA hai| ativyApaka Azaya vAle 'ahiMsA' tattva ke lie isa sandarbha meM "pANAtipAtA beramaNI", yA 'pANAtipAtA paDivirati' ina do abhivyaktiyoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / bauddha-cintana meM cetanA hI 'kamma' hai, isa AdhAra para tathA 'sIla' zabda ke viziSTa nirvacana ke AdhAra para bhI bauddha-vinimaya meM 'virati' (veramaNI) yA 'paDivirati' ke kRtyoM meM balavatI cetanA yA pragAr3hatama meM saMkalpa kA honA pUrvAvazyakatA mAnA gayA hai / "prANAtipAtA veramaNI" yA "maiM prANAtipAta se virata rahUMgA" isa kathana dvArA virati-vrata kA zIlatva tabhI pratiSThApita hotA hai jabaki vrata lene vAlA vyakti isa virati ke prati satata jAgarUkatA Adi samyakapeNa upAjita kara letA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM ahiMsA' (prANAtipAta-virati ) 'zIla' kA rUpa tabhI grahaNa kara sakatI hai jabaki isakA grahaNa evaM AcaraNa cetanApUrvaka kiyA gayA ho| ataeva zizu kA prANAtipAta-virati-vyApAra yA pArivArika pRSThabhUmi Adi ke kAraNa kisI vyakti kA mAMsAhAra Adi na karane kA AcaraNa 'zIla' nahIM kahalA sakatA kyoMki ina donoM hI udAharaNoM meM prANAtipAta-virati cetanApUrvaka nahIM hai| sIla' kA nirvacana ThIka isI Azaya meM 'visuddhimaggo' nAmaka prakaraNa meM AcArya buddhaghoSa dvArA kiyA gayA hai| unhoMne ise cariyA ke paripUraNa kA sudRr3ha saMkalpa, buddha ke upadezoM para calane kA anathaka prayAsa tathA isa prayAsa dvArA vimukti kI prApti kI abhinIhAra vAlI cetanA batalAyA hai / isa balavatI cetanA ke sAtha jaba kisI zobhana-kRtya kA AcaraNa kiyA jAtA hai, tabhI vaha kRtya 'sIla' banatA hai| ataH jaba isa prakAra kI cetanA ke sAtha 'prANAtipAta-virati' (ahiMsA) kA kRtya ho tabhI vaha 'sIla' khlaaegaa| yahAM yaha bhI ullekhanIya hai ki bauddha-dharma ke ati prArambhika kAla se hI AdhyAtmika pragati kA viniyamana zIla, samAdhi evaM prajJA kI trisvarUpa zikSAoM dvArA kiyA jAtA rahA hai / paraspara meM pRthaka-pRthaka nirdiSTa hone para bhI ye eka dUsare kI pUraka haiN| phira bhI 'sIla' to aisI AdhAra-bhitti hI hai jisa para sAdhaka apanI AdhyAtmika mahattvAkAMkSA kA sulalita prAsAda pratiSThApita kara sakatA hai / ataeva "prANAtipAta veramaNI" isa zikSA pada kI uparyukta pRSThabhUmi dvArA yahAM 'ahiMsA' kA grahaNa samarthita hai jabaki isakA AcaraNa uparyukta pada ke sAtha udita sudRr3ha cetanA ke phalasvarUpa kiyA jAtA hai| avadhAraNA evaM vAstavika prayoga meM antara 'ahiMsA' kA vAstavika tAtparya isa jagat kI yathArthatA kA samyak avagAhana kie binA grahaNa kiyA jAnA sambhava nahIM dikhtaa| arthAt isa virodhAbhAsa-grasta jagat meM 'ahiMsA' kI avadhAraNA kA vyAvahArika prayoga kaThoratApUrvaka azakya hai| hamArA yaha jIvana pratipala pratikSaNa sahasroM jIvANuoM ke zvAsa-prazvAsa meM Ane-jAne kI prakriyAoM kA hI to khela hai| yadi 'ahiMsA' kI yathArtha avadhAraNA ko vyavahAra meM utAranA cAheM to yaha 'jIvana' hI sambhava na rahegA, ata: 'ahiMsA' ke yathArtha bhAva kI 'citta' dvArA 'bhAvanA' hI buddha-dharma meM abhIpsita hai / sambhavataH isIlie buddha ne 'karma' (kAyika karma) ke stara para 'ahiMsA ke kaThora niyama nahIM banAe / 'zIla' evaM vinaya ke sandarma se unhoMne ahiMsA-viSayaka jo zikSApada upAsakoM ke lie upadiSTa kiyA usameM do tathya antarbhUta haiM (1) ahiMsA kA saMkalpa, tathA (2) vyavahAra meM usakI pariNati / yadi upAsaka ne prANAtipAta-virati kA saMkalpa to le liyA parantu vAstavika jIvana meM isakA samyak-AcaraNa na ho sakA to vinaya-niyamoM ke anusAra use zuddha citta se isake lie paTidesanA karanI hotI hai| parantu jisane isakA saMkalpa hI nahIM liyA yadi usase 1. majjhima, 3 pR0 251, 2. dIgha, 3 pR. 266, 3. dIpa, 3 pR0 181 ityAdi. 4. visuddhimaggo, sIlakkhandha jaina dharma evaM mAcAra 101
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________________ prANAtipAta ho jAtA hai to use patidesanA nahIM karanI hotii| bhikSuoM evaM bhikSuNiyoM ke lie jo prAtimokSa niyama haiM unameM bhI 'prANAtipAta-virati' kA samAveza hai / pATimokkha meM pArANikoM ke tRtIya zikSApada meM manuSyoM ke prANAtipAta kA niSedha hai, jise karane para pArAjika hotA hai aura aparAdhI bhikSu yA bhikSuNI kA saMgha se niSkAsana kara diyA jAtA hai| para yaha prANAtipAta jAna-bUjha kara kiyA gayA honA caahie| yadi yaha prANAtipAta duryoga-vaza yA pramAdavaza ho gayA ho jisameM cetanA kA yoga nahIM hai taba to aparAdhI ko kevala doSa svIkaraNa mAtra karanA hotA hai| isI prakAra cetanApUrvaka kiyA gayA pazu-pakSiyoM kA vadha bhI 'pAcittiya' nAmaka doSa banatA hai jisakA zamana 'Apatti-desanA' karane para hI hotA hai| isa prakAra saiddhAntika rUpa se to prArambhika bauddha dharma meM 'jIvana' kA atyucca mUlya hai tathA ise samApta karanA yA pIr3ita karanA sarvathA vajita hai phira bhI isakA Azaya yaha bhI nahIM hai ki buddha ne sattvoM ke jIvana-rakSaNa kI kriyA ko kisI koTi yA anta ke stara para pratipAdita kiyA hai / devadatta bauddha-saMgha meM paMcavatthuoM (pAMca prakAra ke niSedhoM) ko lAgU karanA cAhate the parantu buddha ne inake sthAna para samAja dvArA gahita dasa prakAra ke mAMsa-bhakSaNa kA niSedha kiyaa| unhoMne to bhikSuoM ke lie bhI tIna koTiyoM se parizuddha matsya evaM mAMsa ke bhakSaNa kA bhI anumodana kiyaa| kintu isakA tAtparya yaha bhI nahIM hai ki buddha pazu-hiMsA ke samarthaka the| unhoMne to una yajJoM kI kaTu AlocanA kI jinameM pazu-bali dI jAtI thii| unakA tAtparya yahI thA ki kisI bhI kriyA meM usameM antanihita Azaya ko dekhanA cAhie, mAtra usake bAhyarUpa ko nhiiN| dUsare ve 'madhyama-pratipadA' ke dRSTikoNa se hara bAta ko dekhate the tathA antoM ke parivartana ke pratipAdaka the| unakA prANAtipAta-virati-viSayaka dRSTikoNa bhI inhIM tathyoM para AdhArita samajhA jAnA caahie| paravartI (mahAyAna) bauddha-dharma evaM 'ahiMsA' mahAyAna bauddha dharma meM 'ahiMsA' kI avadhAraNA evaM isake vyavahAra ko aura bhI viziSTa svarUpa pradAna kiyA gyaa| yahAM bhI pAMca, ATha tathA dasa zikSApadoM ke atirikta dasa kusalakarma-pathoM ke antargata 'ahiMsA' ko prathama sthAna pradAna kiyA gayA hai / 'bodhisattva' kI sAdhanA kA to AdhAra hI 'ahiMsA' kI udbhAvikA' 'mahA-karuNA' hI hai| samasta savoM ke samasta klezoM ke uddharaNa kA saMkalpa hI bodhisattva kI sArI sAdhanAoM ke kendra-bindu meM pratiSThita huA hai| mahAprajJApAramitA' zAstra (cInI bhASA meM prApta) meM dasa kuzala karmapathoM ke vivecana-krama meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki "prANAtipAta kA pApa samasta pApoM meM ugratama hai tathA prANAtipAta-virati samasta zobhana-kRtyoM meM agratama hai|" isa zAstra meM prANAtipAta ke pAtaka kI gambhIratA kA vizada vivecana hai| mahAyAna ke brahmajAla sUtra (cInI bhASA meM) meM prANAtipAta ko 10 prakAra ke pArAjikoM meM pahalA mAnA gayA hai tathA bodhisatva ke lie kisI bhI prakAra ke mAMsa-bhakSaNa kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| mahAyAna ke hI mahAparinirvANa sUtra meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki "mAMsa bhakSaNa to vastuta: mahAkaruNA ke bIja ko hI naSTa kara detA hai|" tathA "maiM apane samasta ziSyoM ko mAMsa-bhakSaNa se virata rahane kA anujAnana karatA hN|" 'laMkAvatAra sUtra ke anusAra bhI "buddhatva ke lie abhinIhAra karane vAle bodhisattva bhalA kisa prakAra sattvoM ke mAMsa kA bhakSaNa kara sakate haiN|" saMkSepa meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki mahAyAna meM 'ahiMsA' kA prAyogika stara ativikasita svarUpa ko prApta huaa| 'buddhatva' kI avadhAraNA kA 'dharmakAya' meM rUpAntaraNa hone se jaba pratyeka sattva buddhabIja se yukta hai to usakA mAMsa-bhakSaNa kaise ho, isa vicAra kA vikAsa haa| jApAna evaM cIna ke bauddha dharmoM para isa tathya ne atyadhika prabhAvita kiyA / phalasvarUpa, jahAM theravAdI bhikSuoM meM mAMsAhAra kA pracalana thA vahIM mahAyAna paramparA ke cInI evaM kucha samaya pUrva taka jApAnI bhikSuoM meM isakA pUrNa niSedha thaa| kintu mantrayAna evaM tantrayAna ke kAraNa tibbata meM vastu-sthiti sarvathA bhinna ho gii| jo bhI ho, bauddha dharma meM apane viziSTa karma siddhAnta ke kAraNa 'ahiMsA' kA uparyullikhita viziSTa siddhAnta pratiSThApita huA jA jaina-dharma meM pratipAdita 'ahiMsA' kI avadhAraNA se vaiSamya hI adhika darasAtA hai| vizeSatayA ina donoM dharmoM ke anuyAyiyoM ke madhya isakA jo vAstavika prayoga hai usameM to vizeSataH antara ke darzana hote haiN| 1. vinaya 4, pR0 18-20, sutta nipAta pR. 202 ityAdi 2. su.ni. 307, dI. ni0110 142, 43 ityAdi 3. insAiklopIDiA oNpha buddhijma, bhAga 1 pR. 287 meM akirA hirAkAvA dvArA uddhRta 4. vahI. 5, laMkAvatAra sUna pR. 425 (TI. sujukI dvArA saMpAdita) 102 AcAryaratna bhI vezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana anya