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________________ vrata zrAvakAcAra kA AdhArabhUta tatva hai| anaitika AcAra se virati hI vrata hai| tatvArthasUtra meM likhA hai ki hiMsAnRtAstyeyA brahmaparigrahebhyo viratirvatam arthAta hiMsA, asatya, acaurya maithuna va parigraha se virati vrata hai| vrata vastutaH vaha dhArmika kRtya yA pratijJA hai, jisake pAlana se vyakti azubha se mukta hotA hai evaM zubha tathA zuddhatva kI yAtrA karatA hai| jainAgamoM meM zrAvaka ke 12 vratoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai, jinakA vibhAjana isa prakAra hai| 1. pA~ca aNuvrata, 2. tIna guNavrata aura 3. cAra zikSA vrata guNavatoM aura zikSAvatoM ko samaveta rUpa meM zIlavrata bhI kahA jAtA haiN| tatvArthasUtra meM aNuvratoM ko hI zrAvaka kA vrata kahA hai| zIlavrata ko mUla vrata na kahakara aNuvratoM ke pAlana meM sahAyaka batAyA gayA hai| jabaki zrAvakadharma prajJapti meM likhA hai paMce aNubvayAI guNavyayAI cahuMti tinneva sikkhAvayAiM cauro, sAvagadhammo duvAlasahA / ' arthAta zrAvaka-dharma pAMca aNuvrata tIna guNavrata aura cAra zikSA vrata - yoM bAraha prakAra kA hai| yogazAstra meM bhI yahI varNita hai : zrAvaka ke dvAdaza vrata (mahopAdhyAya zrIcandraprabhasAgarajI mahArAja) samyaktvamUlAni, pancANuvratAni guNAsyaH / zikSApadAni catvAri, vratAni gRhamedhinAm // 3 aNuvrata jinendra deva ne do karaNa, tIna yoga, Adi se sthUla hiMsA aura doSoM ke tyAga kI ahiMsA Adi ko pAMca aNuvata kahA hai viratiM sthUlahiMsAderdvividhatrividhAdinA / ahiMsAdIni pancANuvratAni jagadurjinAH // AturapratyAkhyAna meM aNuvratoM ke saMbaMdha meM likhA hai pANivahamusAvAe, adattaparadAraniyamaNehiM ca aparimiicchAo vi ya, aNuvvayAI viramaNAMI' arthAta prANi-vadha (hiMsA), mRSAvAda (asatya vacana), adata vastu kA grahaNa (corI) parastrI sevana ( kuzIla) tathA aparimita kAmanA (parigraha) ina pAMcoM pApoM se virati aNuvrata hai| aba hama ukta pAMcoM aNuvratoM para saMkSipta prakAza DAlane kA prayatna kreNge| 1. ahiMsANuvrata na kevala aNuvratoM kA apitu samasta jaina AcAra kA mUla ahiMsA hai ahiMsA paramo dharmaH / zrAvakAcAra ke antargata ahiMsA ke sambandha meM itanA hI likhanA apekSita hai ki gRhastha ko sthUla hiMsA zrImad jayaMtasenasUri abhinaMdana graMtha vAcanA se virata honA caahie| cUMki zrAvaka gRhI jIvana-yApana karatA hai| ataH vaha hiMsA se sarvathA alaga nahIM ho sktaa| isalie ahiMsANuvata ke paripAlana ke lie yaha kahA gayA hai ki zrAvaka sthUla hiMsA kabhI na kare, sUkSma hiMsA bhI usase na ho, isakA bhI use dhyAna rakhanA caahie| yatanAcAra/viveka pUrvaka apane gArhasthya jIvana ko bitAye / zAstra meM ahiMsA aNuvrata pAlana karane ke lie kucheka AzAeM dI gayI haiN| 1. krodha Adi kaSAyoM se mana ko dUSita karake pazu tathA manuSya Adi kA bandhana nahIM karanA caahie| 2. DaNDe Adi se tAr3ana-pITana nahIM karanA caahie| 3. 4. 5. pazuoM ke nAka Adi aMgoM kA chedana nahIM karanA caahie| zakti se adhika bhAra lAdanA nahIM caahie| khAna-pAna Adi jIvana-sAdhaka vastuoM kA nirodha nahIM karanA caahiye| ukta karma hiMsA rUpa hai| ataH inakA tyAga ahiMsA - aNuvrata kA pAlana hai| sAvayapaNNati meM isI kA ullekha milatA hai baMdhyachavicchee, aibhAre bhuuttpaannbucchee| ko hA idUsiyamaNo, gomaNayAINa no kujjA / " tattvArtha sUtra meM bhI ukta pAcoM aticAroM kA ullekha huA hai| pAkSika aticAra sUtra meM isa tathya kA kucha vistAra se vivecana huA hai| AcArya hemacandra kA abhimata hai ki paMgupana, kor3hIpana aura kuNitva Adi hiMsA ke phaloM ko dekhakara vivekavAn puruSa niraparAdha jasa jIvoM kI saMkalpI hiMsA kA tyAga kare ahiMsA dharma kA jJAtA aura mukti kI abhilASA rakhanevAlA zrAvaka sthAvara jIvoM kI bhI nirarthaka hiMsA na kre| paMgukuSThikuNitvAdi, dRSTvA hiMsAphalaM sudhIH / nirAgastrasajantUnAMka, hiMsA saMkalpatastyajet // nirarthikAM na kurvIta, jIveSu sthAvareSvapi / hiMsAmahiMsAdharmajJaH kAkSAnmokSamupAsakaH // 7 inhIM AcArya ke dvArA hiMsA kI nindA karate hue kahA gayA hai| ki hiMsA se virakta vyakti apaMga evaM rogI hote hue bhI hiMsArata sarvAMga sampanna vyakti se zreSTha hai| vighnoM ko zAnta karane ke prayojana se kI huI hiMsA bhI vighnoM ko hI utpanna karatI hai aura kula ke AcAra kA pAlana karane kI buddhi se bhI kI huI hiMsA kula kA vinAza kara detI hai| yadi koI manuSya hiMsA kA parityAga nahIM karatA 20 cintA Aga samAna hai, kare buddhi bala nAza / jayantasena cintana kara, phaile AtmaprakAza //
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________________ hai to usakA indriya-damana, devopAsanA, gurusevA, dAna, adhyayana aura tapa ye saba niSphala haiN| kuNivaraM varaM paMgurazarIrI varaM pumAn / api sampUrNasarvAGgo, na tu hiMsAparAyaNAH // hiMsA vighnAya jAyeta, vighnazAntyai kRtA pi hi / kulAcAravidhA pyeSA kRtA kulavinAzinI / damo deva-gurUpAstirdAnamadhyayanaM tapaH / sarvamapyetadaphalaM hiMsA kSetra parityajet // " phalasI , isa aNuvrata ko sthUla prANAtipAta viramaNa vrata bhI kahA jAtA hai| 2. satyANuvrata "satyameva jayate" satya kI vijaya hotI hai aura asatya kI praajy| jo satpuruSa jJAna aura cAritra ke kAraNabhUta satya vacana hI bolate haiM, unake caraNoM kI raja pRthvI ko pAvana banAtI hai jJAna- cAritrayormalaM, satyameva vadanti ye / - dhAtrI pavitrIkriyate, teSAM caraNareNubhiH 10 sthUla asatya se virata honA satyANuvrata hai mRSAvAda viramaNa viramaNa vrata isI kA apara nAma hai| satyANuvratI gRhastha ko katipaya doSoM se bacane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai tatvArthasUtra ke anusAra satyANuvratI ko mithyA upadeza, asatya doSAropaNa, kUTalekhakriyA, nyAsa- apahAra aura mantra bheda arthAt gupta bAta prakaTa karanA + ina pAMca aticAroM se bacanA cAhie mithyopadeza rahasyAkhyAnakUTa lekhakriyAnyAsApahArasAkAramantrabhedAH / "sAvayapaNNati" meM prApta ullekhoM ke anusAra kanyA-alIka, go- alIka va bhU-alIka arthAt kanyA, go (pazu) tathA bhUmi ke viSaya meM jhUTha bolanA, kisI kI dharohara ko dabA lenA aura jhUThI gavAhI denA inakA tyAga sthUla asatya virati haiN| sAtha hI sAtha satya-aNuvratI binA soce-samajhe na to koI bAta karatA hai, na kisI kA rahasyodghATana karanA hai, na apanI patnI kI koI gupta bAta mitroM Adi meM pragaTa karatA hai, na mithyA ahitakArI upadeza karatA hai aura na kUTalekha kriyA jAlI hastAkSara yA jAlI dastAveja Adi karatA hai| mUla sUtra ye haiM : dhUla musAvAyAssa u viraI dutvaM sa paMcahA hoI / kannAmobhU Alliya, nAsaharaNakUDasavikhajje / sahasA abbhakkhANaM rahassA ya sahAramaMta moyaM ca / 11 mosovae sayaM kUDaleha karaNaM ca vajjijajjA // yogazAstra meM bhI kanyAlIka Adi pUrva saMketita sthUla asatya kahe haiN| 12 Zai isa zAstra meM yaha bhI varNita hai ki ina pA~ca sthUla asatyoM kA upayoga kyoM varjita hai| isake anusAra kanyAlIka, go-alIka aura bhUmi alIka loka viruddha hai| nyAsApahAra vizvAsaghAta kA janaka hai aura kUTasAkSI puNya kA nAza karane vAlI hai| ataH zrAvaka ko sthUla mRSAvAda nahIM bolanA caahie| sarvalokaviruddhaM yadyadvizvasitaghAtakam / 13 yadvipakSazca puNyasya, na vadettadanutam // zramada jayaMtasena abhinaMdana graMtha vAcanA sthAnAMgasUtrAnusAra satyANuvratI ko asatya vacana, tiraskAra yukta vacana, jhir3akate hue vacana, kaThora vacana, avicArapUrNa vacana aura zAnta kalaha ko punaH bhar3akAne vAle vacana nahIM bolane caahie| imAI cha avayaNAraM vadittae aliyavapaNe, hIliyavapaNe khisitavayage pharasavayaNe / gAratthiyavayaNe, viusaviMta vA puNAudIrittae / 14 vastutaH jo vacana tathya hone para bhI pIr3AkArI ho, vaha bhI asatya meM hI parigaNita hai| hemacandrAcArya ne spaSTa kahA hai "na satyamapi bhASeta, parapIr3AkaraM vacaH" arthAt jo vacana bhale hI satya kahalAtA ho, kintu dUsare ko pIr3A utpanna karane vAlA ho, to vaha bhI nahIM bolanA caahie| vyakti nimna caudaha kAraNoM se asatya kA sevana karatA hai 1. krodha 2. abhimAna 3. kapaTa 4. lobha 5. rAga 6. dveSa 7. hAsya 8. bhaya 9. lajjA 10. krIr3A 11. harSa 12. zoka 13. dAkSiNya tathA 14. bhubhaassnn| zrAvakAcAra kA pAlana karane vAlA ukta doSoM se bacane kA prayAsa kre| 3. adattAdAnaviramaNavrata jisa vastu kA jo svAmI hai, usake dvArA pradatta vastu ko grahaNa karanA dattAdAna hai aura usake binA diye usakI vastu ko lenA adattAdAna hai| yaha zrAvaka kA tRtIya aNuvrata haiN| ise asteyANuvrata yA acauryANuvrata bhI kahA jAtA hai| isake antargata gRhastha ko sthUla cauryakarma se virata honA hai| lokanindya aura rAjya dvArA daMDanIya corI kA zrAvaka tyAga karatA haiN| corI karane se vyakti "cora" kahalAtA hai, rAjadaNDa aura nindA pAtA hai, ataH corI/adattAdAna zrAvaka ke lie tyAjya hai| cauryakarma kI nindA karate hue AcArya hemacandra ne likhA hai ki jo parAye dhana kA apaharaNa karatA hai, vaha apane isa loka ko, paraloka ko, dhairya, svAsthya aura hitAhita ke viveka ko, haraNa karatA hai| dUsare ke dhana ko curAne se isa loka meM nindA hotI hai, paraloka meM duHkha kA saMvedana karanA par3atA hai, dharma kA dhIraja kA aura sanmati kA nAza hotA hai| cauryakarma karane ke kAraNa manuSya kahIM bhI svastha nizcinta nahIM raha pAtA dina meM rAta meM sote samaya aura jAgate samaya, sadA sarvadA vaha sazalya banA rahatA hai| corI kA dviphala batAte hue AcArya kahate hai ki corI se isa loka meM vadha, bandhana Adi phala prApta hote haiM aura paraloka meM naraka kI bhISaNa vedanA kA saMvedana prApta hotA hai| mUla sUtra isa prakAra hai : ayaM lokaH paraloko, dharmo dhairyabhRtirmatiH / muSNatA parakIyaM svaM muSitaM sarvamapyadaH // divase vA rajanyAM vA svapne vA jAgare pi vA / sazalya iva cauryeNa, naiti svAsthyaM naraH, kvacit / caururyapApa drumasyeha, vadha-bandhAdika phalam / jAyate paraloke tu phalaM naraka vedanA // 15 21 para niMdA tuma nA karo, niMdA se guNa nAza / jayantasena ise taje, pAyeM AtmaprakAza Melibrary.org.
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________________ 2 acauryANuvratI ko nimnAMkita doSoM se bacanA cAhie - tatvArtha- brahmacaryANuvratI ko nimna aticAroM / doSoM kA sevana nahIM karanA sUtrAnusAra stenaprayogatadAhadatAdAnaviruddha rAjyAti- cAhie - kramahInAdhikamAnonmAnapratirUpaka vyvhaaraaH|11 parastrI, kumArI, vezyA ke sAtha samAgama karanA, hastamaithuna karanA, bhAvArtha yaha hai ki corI kI gayI vastu kA kraya karanA, coroM samaliMgI yA pazu se maithuna karanA, svasantAna tathA parijanoM ke atirikta ko corI karane meM sahayoga denA, rAjakIya niyamoM ke viruddha kArya paravivAha sambandha karanA, tIvra kAmabhoga kI icchA karanA yA mAdaka karanA, mApataula meM beImAnI karanA, vastuoM meM milAvaTa karanA - ina padArthoM kA sevana karanA - ina doSoM se brahmacaryANuvratI gRhastha ko pare pA~ca caurya-dUSaNoM se bacanA acauryANuvrata hai| sAvayapaNNati meM bhI rahanA caahie| ukta tathya kA ullekha zAstroM meM saMkSepa meM isa prakAra lagabhaga yahI nirdeza milatA hai - milatA hai :vajjijjA tenA haDa, takkara jogaM viruddharajjaM ca / ittariya pariggahiyA parigahiyAgamaNANaM gakIDaM ca / / kUDa tula kUDamANaM, tappa Di rUpa ca vavahAraM // para vivAhakkaraNe, kAme tivvAbhilAsaM ca // 1 adattAdAna - viramaNavrata kA suphala batAte hue kahA gayA hai paravivAhakaraNetvaraparigRhItA parigRhItAgamanA ki zuddha citta se jina puruSoM ne parAye dhana ko grahaNa karanA tyAga ki naGa krIDAtIvrakAmAbhinivezAH // 22 diyA hai, unake sAmane svayaM lakSmI svayaMvarA kI bhAMti calI AtI 5. parigraha - parimANANavata sI haiN| unake samasta anartha dUra ho jAte haiN| sarvatra unakI prazaMsA hotI ise aparigrahANuvrata bhI kahA gayA hai| isake antargata zrAvaka hai aura unheM svargika sukha prApta hote haiM: ko apane saMgraha yA parigraha kI eka sImA nirdhArita karanI hotI hai| parArthagrahaNe yeSAM, niyamaH zuddhacetasAm / adhika parigraha adhika icchA/tRSNA kA kAraNa hai| mUrchA Asakti abhyAyAnti zriyasteSAM, svayameva svayaMvarAH // icchAoM kI bar3hotarI ko rokane ke lie evaM santoSa dhAraNa karane ke anarthA dUrato yAnti, sAdhuvAdaH pravartate / lie hI isa vrata kA vidhAna hai| isIlie ise icchA-parimANa-vrata svargasaukhyAni Dhaukante, sphuTamasteyacAriNAm // 18 bhI kahA gayA hai| upadezamAlA meM likhA hai ki aparimita parigraha brahmacaryANuvrata ananta tRSNA kA kAraNa hai| vaha bahuta doSayukta hai tathA narakagati kA svapatnI meM hI santoSa karanA tathA kAma-sevana kI maryAdA bAMdhanA mArga hai| brahmacaryANuvrata hai| isIlie ise svadAra santoSavrata bhI kahA jAtA hai| virayA pariggahAoM aparimiAo aNaMta tnnhaao| yadyapi kucha AcAryoM ke anusAra yaha vrata do prakAra kA hai - bahu dosaMkulAo, narayagaigamaNa paMthAoM / 23 1. svastrI-santoSavrata tathA parastrI tyaagvt| "bhakta-parIkSA" granthAnusAra jIva parigraha ke nimitta hiMsA karatA inameM prathama vrata kA pAlana karane vAlA zrAvaka apanI patnI ke hai, asatya bolatA hai, corI karatA hai, maithuna kA sevana karatA hai, atirikta anya sabhI striyoM ke sAtha bhoga karane kA parityAga karatA aura atyadhika mUrchA karatA hai| isa prakAra parigraha pAMcoM pApoM kI hai| jabaki parastrI, tyAgavatI zrAvaka dUsaroM kI vivAhita striyoM kA jar3a hai - hI tyAga karatA hai| isalie yaha kahanA adhika yuktisaMgata hai ki saMganimitaM mAraIM, bhaNai alINaM karei corikkaM / zrAvaka svastrI - santoSI banakara parastrI gamanakA tyAga kreN| isa vrata yA sevaI mehuNaM mucchaM, apparimANaM kuNaI jIvoM / kA vidhAna vyakti kI kAma vAsanA ko sImitatara karane ke lie hai| hemacandrAcArya ne bhI parigraha ke doSa batAe hai| unake AcArya hemacandra ne parastrIgamana kA kuphala batAte hue kahA hai ki abhivacanAnusAra jo rAga-dveSAdi doSa udaya meM nahIM hote, ve bhI parigraha apane pracaNDa parAkrama se akhila vizva ko AkrAnta kara denevAlA kI badaulata prakaTa ho jAte haiN| janasAdhAraNa kI to bAta hI kyA hai, rAvaNa bhI, parastrI-ramaNa kI icchA ke kAraNa apane kula kA vinAza parigraha ke pralobhana se muniyoM kA citta bhI calAyamAna ho jAtA hai| karake naraka gayA - unhoMne parigraha ko hiMsA kA mUla batAte hue yaha bhI kahA hai ki vikramAkrAntavizvo'pi, parastrISa riraMsayA / jIvahiMsA Adi Arambha janma-maraNa ke mUla haiM aura una ArambhoM kA kRtvA kulakSayaM prApa, narakaM dazakandharaH // 19 kAraNa parigraha hai| arthAta parigraha ke lie hI ArambhasamArambha kiye jisa prakAra se parastrIgamana tyAjya hai, vaise hI para-puruSa sevana jAte haiN| ataH zrAvaka ko cAhie ki vaha parigraha ko kramaza: ghaTAtA bhI tyAjya hai| yogazAstra meM likhA hai - jaae| draSTavya hai unake svayaM ke pada - aizvaryarAjarAjopi, rUpamInadhvajopi ca / / sadbhavantyasantopi, rAga-dveSodaye dviSaM / sItayA rAvaNa iva, tyAjyo nAryA naraH paraH // 20 munerapi calecceto, yattenAndolitAtmanaH // arthAta, aizvarya se kubera ke samAna, rUpa se kAmadeva ke samAna, saMsAramUlamArambhAstaM hetuH parigrahaH / sundara hone para bhI strI ko parapuruSa kA usI prakAra tyAga kara denA tasmAdupAsakaH kuryAdalpamalpa parigraham // cAhie, jaise sItA ne rAvaNa kA tyAga kiyA thaa| parigraha se manuSyoM kI tRpti azakya hai| yaha sarva prasiddha hai| zrImad jayaMtasena sUri abhinaMdana maMtha/vAcanA icchAoM kA jagata meM, kabhI na hotA anta / jayantasena anAdi se, kahate jJAnI santa // :
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________________ PINNAta kAraNa dUra-dUra dezoM meM adhikAdhika vyApAra karane ke liye jAne se ruka jAtA hai aura pariNAmasvarUpa lobha para akuMza laga jAtA hai| hemacandrAcArya ke zabdoM meM - jagadAkramamANasya, prasarallobhavAridheH / / skhalanaM vidadhe tenaM. yena digviratiH kRtA // 22 sAmAyika pATha meM kahA gayA hai ki vyavasAya kSetra ko sImita karane ke Azaya se urdhvadizA, adhodizA, tathA tiryakadizA meM gamanA-gamana kI sImA bAMdhanA prathama guNavrata haiN| uDDha mahe tiriyaM pi ya, disA nu parimANakaramaNamiha paDhamaM / bhaNiyaM guNavvayaM khaluM, sAvaga dhammammi vIreNa 125 tattvArtha sUtra meM likhA hai ki urdhvAdhastiryagvyatikama kSetravRddhi ki dvitIya cakravartI sagara sATha hajAra putra pAkara bhI santoSa na pA skaa| kucikarNa bahuta se godhana se tRpti kA anubhava na kara skaa| tilaka zreSThI dhAnya se tRpta nahIM huA aura nanda nAmaka nRpati svarNa ke DheroM se bhI santoSa nahIM pA skaa| sacamuca, jaise IMdhana bar3hAte jAne se agni zAMta nahIM hotI, usI prakAra parigraha se logoM kI tRpti nahIM hotii| jaba ki jisa vyakti kA bhUSaNa santoSa bana jAtA hai. samRddhi usI ke pAsa rahatI hai, usI ke pIche kAmadhenu calatI hai aura devatA dAsa kI taraha usakI AjJA mAnate haiN| yogazAstra isI kA samarthana karatA huA kahatA hai :sannidhau nidhayastasya kAmagavyanugAminI / amarAH kiMkarAyante, saMtoSo yasya bhUSaNam // 25 parigraha - parimANa - aNuvratI vizuddha citta zrAvaka ko kSetra makAna, sonA-cAdI, dhana-dhAnya, dvipada-catuSpada tathA bhaNDAra-saMgraha Adi parigraha ke aMgIkRta parimANa kA atikramaNa nahIM karanA caahie| khitAI hiraNNAI, dhaNAi dupayAI-kuviyagassa tahA / samma visuddhacito, na pamANamAikkama kujjA // bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM nimna dasa parigraha batAye haiM - kheta, makAna, dhana-dhAnya, vastra bhANDa, dAsa-dAsI, pazuyAna, zayyA aura aasn| zrAvaka inakI sImArekhA nirdhArita karatA hai| tatvArthasUtra meM bhI lagabhaga inhIM kA piSTapeSaNa hai : kSetrapAstuhiraNyasuvarNadhana-dhAnyadAsI daaskupyprmaannitikrmaaH|29 guNavata zrAvaka ke ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha ina pAMca aNuvratoM ke guNoM meM abhivRddhi karane vAle dik deza tathA anarthadaNDa nAmaka tIna vratoM ko guNavrata kahate haiN| "Atura pratyAkhyAna" meM inhIM tIna guNavratoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai - jaM ca disAveramaNaM, aNatthadaMDAu jaM ca veramaNaM / desAvagAsiMyaM pi ya, guNavvayAIM bhave tAI // arthAta zrAvaka ke tIna guNavata hote haiM: divirati, anarthadaNDa virati tathA deshaavkaashik| tatvArtha sUtra meM bhI yahI nAma evaM krama diyA gayA hai|21 kintu yogazAstra meM kucha bhinnatA hai| usake anusAra digvata, bhogopabhoga vrata aura anarthadaNDa vrata - ye tIna guNavrata haiN| digvrata ke sAtha dezAvakAsika vrata kA sIdhA sambandha hai| ata: hama guNavatoM meM bhogopabhoga vrata ko svIkAra na karake digavata ko hI svIkAra kara digvata ke pAMca aticAra isa prakAra haiM 1. vibhinna dizAoM meM jAne kI, kI huI maryAdA ko bhUla jAnA, 2-4 UrdhvadizA, adhodizA aura tiryag tirachI dizA meM bhUla se, parimANa se Age calA jAnA aura kSetra kI vRddhi karanA arthAta eka dizA ke parimANa ko ghaTAkara dUsarI dizA kA bar3hA lenA jisase parimANa se Age jAne kA kAma par3ane para Age bhI jA sake - smRtyantamudhistiryagbhAgabyatikramaH / kSetravRddhizca pati smRtA digvirativrate // dezavrata yA dezAvakAsika vrata ra icchAoM ko sImita karane ke liye isa vrata kA vidhAna hai| deza-dezAntara meM gamanAgamana se vyApAra saMbaMdhI dizA maryAdA vrata meM yA jisa deza meM jAne se parigRhIta vrata ke bhaMga hone kA bhaya ho vahA~ jAne kA tyAga karanA hI dezAvakAsika vrata hai| yogazAstrAnusAra :digvate parimANaM, yattasya saMkSepaNaM punaH / dine rAtrau ca dezAvakAsika - vratamucyate // 3 // mA arthAta digvrata meM gamanAmagana ke liye jo parimANa niyata kiyA gayA hai use dina tathA rAtri meM saMkSipta kara lenA dezAvakAsika vrata digvata parigraha - pariNAma vrata ke rakSArtha vyApAra Adi ke kSetra ko sImita rakhane meM sahAyaka guNavrata ko digvrata kahate haiN| ise dizAvirati tathA dizAparimANa vrata bhI kahA jAtA hai| jisa vyakti ne digvrata aMgIkAra kara liyA hai, usane jagat para AkramaNa karane ke lie abhivRddha lobharUpI samudra ko Age bar3hane se roka diyA hai| isa vrata ko dhAraNa karane ke pazcAt manuSya lobha ke vasunandI zrAvakAcAra meM yahI bAta kahI gayI hai ki jisa deza meM jAne se kisI bhI vrata kA bhaMga hotA ho yA usameM doSa lagatA ho usa deza meM jAne kI niyamapUrvaka pravRtti dezAvakAsika nAmaka dvitIya gaNavrata hai| vayabhaMgakAraNa hoi, jImma desammi tattha NiyameNa / kIrai gamaNaNiyatto, taM jANa guNavvayaM vidiyaM // 25 isa vrata ke pA~ca aticAra hai :- Anayana-preSya-prayoga zabdarUpAnupAta pudglkssepaaH| arthAt nirdhArita kSetra ke bAhara se vastu lAnA yA maMgavAnA, nirdhArita kSetra ke bAhara vastu lAnA yA maMgavAnA, nirdhArita kSetra ke bAhara vastu bhejanA, nirdhArita kSetra ke bAhara AvAja denA, nirdhArita kSetra ke bAhara khar3e vyakti ko bulAne ke abhiprAya se hAtha A~kha Adi aMgoM se saMketa karanA aura kaMkar3a Adi pheNknaa| zrImad jayaMtasenasUri abhinaMdana graMtha/vAcanA, 23 icchA pUrI kaba huI, icchA karo nirodha / jayantasena kahA~ gayA, karmoM kA avarodha // .
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________________ anarthadaNDavrata prayojana vihIna kAryoM kA tyAga hI anarthadaNDavrata/virati hai| prayojanavaza kArya karane se alpa karmabandha hotA hai| aura binA prayojana kArya karane se adhika karmabandha hotA hai| kyoMki prayojanapUrvaka kArya meM to deza-kAla Adi paristhitiyoM kI sApekSatA rahatI hai, lekina niSprayojana pravRtti to nitya hI amaryAdita rUpa se kI jA sakatI hai| 38 sAvaya paNNati meM anarthadaNDa ke cAra bheda batAye haiM : 1. apadhyAna 2. pramAdapUrNacaryA 3. hiMsA ke upakaraNa Adi denA aura 4. pApa kA upadeza ina cAroM anarthadaNDoM kA parityAga anarthadaNDavirati nAmaka tRtIya guNavrata hai| yogazAstra meM ullikhita hai ki zarIra Adi ke nimitta hone vAlI hiMsA artha daNDa hai aura nirrathaka niyojana kI jAnevAlI hiMsA anarthadaNDa hai| isa anarthadaNDa kA tyAga karanA gRhastha kA tIsarA guNavata hai| mUla zabdAnusAra :mITha zarIrAdharyadaNDasya, pratipakSatayA sthitaH / yo' narthadaNDastatyAgastRtIyastata guNavratam // 39 viraI aNNtathadaMDe, taccaM cauvviho avajJANoM pamAyayariya hiMsappayANa pAvovarase // 40 anarthadaNDa viratazrAvaka ko nimna maryAdAoM kA atireka nahIM karanA caahie| 41 kandakautkucyamaukharyA samIkSyAdhikaraNopabhogAdhikatvAni / arthAt kandarpa hAsyapUrNa aziSTa vacanoM kA prayoga, kautkuccazArIrika kuceSTA, maukharya vyartha bakavAsa, samIkSyAdhikaraNa hiMsA ke adhikaraNoM kA saMyojana tathA upabhogAdhikatva bhogya sAmagrI kA AvazyakatA se jyAdA saMcaya / zikSAvata zrAvaka kA lakSya hai zramaNadharma kI ora bar3hanA zramaNadharma kI zikSA yA abhyAsa hetu ina vratoM ko zikSAvrata kahate haiN| Atura pratyAkhyAna meM nimna cAra zikSAvrata batAe~ haiM- 1. bhogoM kA parimANa 2. sAmAyika 3 atithi saMvibhAga 4. pauSadhopavAsa bhogANaM pari saMkhyA sAmAhaya atihi saMvibhAgo ya / posaha vihIyasavvo, cauro sikkhAu butAoM // 42 tattvArtha sUtra meM zikSAvrata to yahI ullekhita hai, kintu krama meM bheda hai, jo ki tulanAtmaka adhyayana ke lie mahatvapUrNa hai / tatvArtha sUtra ke zikSAvratoM kA krama isa prakAra hai :- 1. sAmAyika vrata 2. pauSadhopayAsa vrata 3. upabhoga paribhoga vrata 4. atithi saMvita vrata dharmabindu meM bhogopabhoga parimANa vrata ke sthAna para dezAvakAsika vrata ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai 5 ukta cAroM zikSAvatoM kA saMkSipta vivecana isa prakAra hai - 43 9/1 bhogopabhoga parimANa - vrata bhogalipa ko niyantrita karane ke lie isa vrata ko zrAvakAcAra ke antargata svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| yaha vrata brahmacaryANuvrata ke pAlana zrImad jayaMtasenasUri abhinaMdana graMtha vAcanA meM vizeSa sahayogI hai| bhoga tathA paribhoga kI vastuoM ke grahaNa ko sImita karanA hI bhoga paribhoga pariNAma vrata kahalAtA hai bhogaparibhoga parimANa vrata do prakAra kA hai| bhojana rUpa tathA kArya yA vyApAra ruup| kandamUla Adi anantakAyika vanaspati, audumbara phala aura madya mAMsAdi kA tyAga yA parimANa bhojana viSayaka bhogopabhoga parimANa vrata hai aura hiMsAparaka AjIvikA Adi kA tyAga vyApAra viSayaka 45 bhogopabhoga parimANa vrata hai| hemacandrAcArya ne bhogopabhoga vrata kI vyAkhyA karate hue jo likhA hai usakA Azaya yaha hai : bhogopabhogayoH saMkhyAzktyAyatra vidhiiyte| bhogopabhogamAnaM tad dvatIyIka guNavratam // sakRdeva bhujyate yaH sa bhoga strAdikaH / punaH punaH punarbhogya, upabhogo nAdikaH // zakti ke anusAra jisa vrata meM bhogopabhoga ke yogya padArthoM kI saMkhyA kA niyama kiyA jAtA hai, vaha bhogopabhoga parimANa vrata hai| jo vastu eka bAra bhoga ke kAma meM AtI hai use bhoga kahate haiM aura jo vastu punaH punaH upabhoga meM lI jAtI hai vaha upabhoga kahalAtI hai| AcArya hemacandra ne zrAvaka ke liye nimna vastuoM kA sarvathA athavA yathAzakya tyAga karane kA nirdeza diyA hai| ma mAsaM navanItaM madhuTuMbarapancakam / anantakAyamajJAtaphalaM rAtrau ca bhojanam // Amra gorasa saMpRktaM dvidalaM puSpitaudanam / dadhyahardvitIyAtItaM kvathitAnnaM vivarjayet // 47 -- 46 zarAba, mAMsa makkhana zahada, paMca udambara phala, anantakAya, ajJAta phala rAtri bhojana kacce dUdha, dahI tathA chAcha ke sAtha dvidala khAnA, bAsI anAja, do dina ke bAda kA dahI tathA sar3e anna kA tyAga karanA caahie| 10/2 sAmAyika pApArambha vAle sampUrNa kAryoM se nivRtti sAmAyika hai| sAmAyika zramaNa jIvana kA prAthamika rUpa hai aura gRhastha jIvana kA anivArya kartavya hai| vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki sAmAiyammi ukae, samaNo iva samAvo havaI arthAta sAmAyika karane se sAmAyika kAla meM zrAvaka zramaNa ke samAna ho jAtA hai| isIlie zAstrakAra kahate haiM ki sAvadyayoga arthAta hiMsArambha se bacane ke lie kevala sAmAyika hI prazasta hai| use zreSTha gRhastha dharma jAnakara buddhimAna logoM ko Atmahita tathA mokSaprApti ke lie sAmAyika karanI caahiye| sAvajjajogaparirakkhagaDa, sAmAiyaM kevaliye pasatyaM / gihatta dhammA puramaM ti naccA, kujjA buho AyahiyaM parattho vastutaH samabhAva hI sAmAyika hai| nindA aura prazaMsA, mAna aura apamAna, svajana aura parajana sabhI meM jisakA mana samAna hai, usI jIva ko sAmAyika hotI hai, samabhAva kI sAdhanA hotI hai| nidapasaMsAsu samo, samo ya mANAvamANaM kArIsu / samasayaNa parayaNa mago sAmAiye saMgao jIo / .48 24 jo trasa aura sthAvara sabhI jIvoM ke prati samatvayukta hai, usI kI saccI sAmAyika hotI hai, aisA paramajJAnI kevalI ne paribhASita sotA to khotA sadA, jAge vaha kucha pAya / jayantasena pramAda taja, jIvana jyota jagAya //
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________________ kiyA hai| va jo samo savvabhUesa, tasesu dhAvare tassa sAmAiyaM hoI, iha kevalI bhAsiye 49 (ka) isI prakAra jisakI AtmA saMyama, niyama aura tapa meM tallIna hai, usI kI saccI sAmAyika hotI hai, aisA kevalI bhagavAna ne kahA " hai jassa samANio appA, saMjameM giame tassa sAmAiyaM hoi, iha kevalI bhAsiyaM isa sAmAyika kI sAdhanA durlabha hai| kahA jAtA hai ki devatA loga bhI apane hRdaya meM yaha vicAra karate haiM ki yadi eka muhUrta mAtra bhI hameM sAmAyika kI sAmagrI mila jAye to hamArA devatva saphala ho jaaye| 1. 2. sAmAyika ke anya nAma bhI haiM : sAmAyika samabhAva sAmayika 3. samyagvAda 4. samAsa 5. saMkSepa 6. 7. 8. sAmAiyasAmariMga devAvi cirtati hiyaya majjhami / jar3a hoi muhUttamegeM, to ah devataMNaM sahalaM // 50 sAmAyika karane vAle do prakAra ke hote haiM: 1. Rddhimanta aura Rddhi rahita aRddhivAna loga to muniyoM ke pAsa jina mandira meM poSadhazAlA upAzraya sthAnaka meM apane ghara para athavA koI bhI nirvighna sthAna para sAmAyika kare aura jo Rddhimanta puruSa haiM ve sADambara upAzraya Akara sAmAyika kare, tAki jina zAsana kI prabhAvanA bhI ho| tave / yadyapi sAmAyika samatA kI sAdhanA hai, kintu gRhastha jIvana meM pUrvatayA samabhAva honA duSkara hai| ataH usake liye samaya kI sImA nirdhArita kara dI gyii| eka sAmAyika kA kAla 48 miniTa hai| zrAvaka ko ekAdhika sAmAyika karanI caahie| yadi adhika na kara sake to eka dina meM eka sAmAyika to avazyameva karanI caahie| sAmAyika karane ke lie prAtaH kAla evaM sAyaMkAla vizeSa ucita hai| zrAvaka jahAM sAmAyika kare, vaha sthAna ekAnta, pavitra zAnta evaM anukUla honA caahie| sAmAyika yA poSadha karate samaya Asana, mukhavastrikA, caravalA / morapIsI sthApanAcArya Adi sAmagrI kA sAmAnyataH upayoga hotA hai| // anavadya parijJA- pApa 49 (kha) pAparahita AcaraNa / parihAra se vastu bodha | pratyAkhyAna- tyAjya vastuoM kA tyaag| samagra jIvoM para dayApUrvaka vartana / rAga-dveSa rahita satya kthn| alpa akSaroM meM karma vinAzaka tatvAvabodha / alpa akSaroM meM gambhIra dvaadshaaNgii| zrImada jayasenasara abhinaMdanA ukta aSTa sAmAyikoM para ATha dRSTAMta bhI haiM jinake liye dvAdaza parva- vyAkhyAnamAlA Adi grantha avalokanIya hai| 51 11/3 atithi saMvibhAga vrata atithaye - vibhajanam - atithisaMvibhAga - atithi ke lie AhAra, pAnI kakSa Adi kA saMvibhAga karanA atithi saMvibhAga vrata hai| zAstra isa vrata ko dAna ke antargata bhI lete haiN| dAna anugraha kA paricAyaka hai, kintu saMvibhAga sevA kA dyotaka hai| puruSArtha siddhayupAya meM kahA gayA hai ki yathAjAta rUpa ke dhAraka vyakti ke liye vidhipUrvaka navadhA bhakti ke sAtha AhArAdi dravya vizeSa kA sva aura para ke anugraha nimitta avazya hI vibhAga kareM ise atithi saMvibhAga nAmaka zikSAvata kahate haiN| vidhinA dAtRguNavatA dravyavizeSasya jA tarapAyA / svaparAnugrahahetoH, kartavyo'vazyamatithaye bhAgaH // 52 udgama Adi doSoM se rahita dezakAlAnukAla, zuddha annAdika kA ucita rIti se dAna denA gRhasthoM kA atithi saMvibhAga zikSAvrata annAINaM suddhANaM kappaNijjANa desakAlajutaM / dANaM jaINemuciyaM gihINa sikkhAvayaM bhaNiyaM // 53 yogazAstra meM bhI yahI kahA gayA hai ki atithiyoM ko cAra prakAra kA AhAra arthAta azana, pAna khAdima svAdima bhojana, pAtra vastra aura makAna denA atithi saMvibhAga vrata kahalAte haiM :dAnaM caturvidhAhArapAtrAcchAdanasadmanAm / atithibhyo tithisaMvibhAgavratamudIritam // poSadhopavAsa- vrata 54 poSa + dha = poSadha, poSa yAnI guNa kI dRSTi ko dhAraNa karane vAlA "poSadha" kahalAtA hai| aSTamI, caturdazI Adi parva tithiyoM meM dveSa nivRtti pUrvaka AhAra tyAgAdi guNoM sahita nivAsa karanA - upavAsa kahalAtA hai| pUrvAcAryoM ke anusAra doSa se nivRtta hokara guNoM sahita samyak prakAra se rahanA upavAsa hai, guNarahita karane ko pauSadhopavAsa kahate hai : upAvRttasya doSebhyaH samyagvAso guNai saha / upavAsaH sa vijJeyo na zarIravizoSaNam // 44 AhAra zarIra suzruSA gRha vyApAra evaM maithuna ina cAra bAtoM kA pauSadhopavAsa vrata meM parityAga kiyA jAtA hai| paMcAstikAya ke anusAra AhAradehasakkAra-baMbhA vAvAra posaho ya NaM / 56 dese savve ya imaM carame sAmAiyaM NiyamA // arthAta AhAra, zarIra saMskAra abrahma tathA Arambha tyAga ye cAra bAteM pauSadhopavAsa vrata meM AtI hai| ina cAroM kA tyAga ekadeza bhI hotA hai aura sarvadeza bhI jo sampUrNataH pauSadha karatA hai, use niyamataH sAmAyika karanI caahie| ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra meM yaha vidhAna hai ki pratyeka mAsa kI do aSTamI aura do caturdazI ina cAroM hI parvoM meM apanI zakti na chipAkara sAvadhAnI pUrvaka pauSadhopavAsa karane vAlA pauSadhaniyama vidhAyI zrAvaka kahalAtA hai| parvadineSu caturSvapi, mAse mAse svazaktimanibuh / proSadhaniyamAvidhAvI praNAdhiparaH proSadhAnazanaH // 57 25 'ya' kA bheda viSa viSaya meM, viSa mAre ika bAra / jayantasena viSaya sadA, hanana kare.. wellorary.org.
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________________ pauSadha zabda proSadha ke rUpa meM bhI prayukta hai jisakA artha hai prakRSTa auSadha eka bAra bhojana karanA proSadha aura bilkula bhojana na karanA upvaas| parva se pahale dina subaha ke samaya aura usake agale dina sandhyA ke samaya kevala eka-eka bAra bhojana karanA aura parva vAle dina donoM samaya bhojana na krnaa| isa prakAra solaha prahara taka sarva Arambha kA tathA bhojana kA isameM tyAga hotA hai| pauSadha vrata kA phala pratipAdita karate hue kahA gayA hai :posahoM ya suhe bhAve, asuhAi khavei Natthi saMdeho / chiMdei narayatiriyagaI, posaha vihiappamatteNaM // 58 arthAta yaha bAta niHsandeha sahI hai ki pauSadha karane vAlA apramata rahakara jo zubha bhAva se vidhipUrvaka poSadha kare to usake sakala duHkha naSTa ho jAte haiM aura naraka aura tiryaMca gatiyoM kA viccheda ho jAtA hai arthAt sadgati kA bhojana bana jAtA hai| __yahA~ yaha tathya bhI ullekhanIya hai ki zrAvaka jaba taka proSadhopavAsa meM apanA sArA samaya vyatIta karatA hai, taba taka vaha zrAvaka hote hue bhI mahAvratadhArI zramaNa kI bhUmikA ke tulya hai| Upara hamane zrAvakAcAra ke bAraha vratoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| kintu vrata bAraha hI hoM, aisI bAta nahIM hai| bAraha se adhika bhI ho sakate haiN| yathA bAraha vratoM meM ullikhita sAmAyika vrata SaDAvazyaka karma kA eka aMga hai| zrAvaka yadi cAhe to sAmAyika ke sAtha sAtha stavana, vaMdana, pratikramaNa, kAyotsarga, pratyAkhyAna ko bhI apane vrata meM samAviSTa kara sakatA hai| prastuta prasaMga meM yaha bhI ullekhanIya hai ki zrAvaka ke lie Avazyaka nahIM hai ki vaha ukta bAraha vratoM ko eka sAtha pUrNatayA aMgIkAra kare vaha cAhe to apanI suvidhAnusAra eka-do yA cAra-pA~ca vrata bhI svIkAra kara sakatA hai yA bAraha ke bAraha vrata bhii| jaise kucheka loga brahmacaryANuvrata hI svIkAra karate haiN| jaisI jisa vyakti kI zakti aura kSamatA hotI hai, vaha tadanurUpa vratoM kA varaNa karatA 1 tatvArtha sUtra 7. 1 zrAvaka dharma prajJapti 6 3 / yoga zAstra 2.1 4 Atura pratyAkhyAna (3) 5 sAvaya paNNati (258) bandhavadhacdhavicchedAtiropaNAtra pAnanirodhA:- tatvArtha sUtra (7-21) yogazAstra 2. 19, 21 yogazAstra 2. 28-29, 21 9 vahI 2.63 10 tatvArtha sUtra 7. 22 sAvaya paNNati 260-262 12 kanyAgo bhUmyalIkAni, nyAsApaharaNaM tathA kRTasAkSyanva paMceti, sthuulaastyaanykiirtny|| yogazAstra 2.54 13 yogazAstra 2-55 14 sthAnAMga 6. 3 15 yogazAstra 2.84-75 16 tatvArtha sUtra 6. 23 17 sAvaya paNNati 268 18 yogazAstra 2.109-10 19 yogazAstra 2.99 20 vahI 2. 102 21 sAvaya paNNati 273 22 tatvArtha sUtra 7. 24 23 upadezamAlA 243 24 bhakta-parikSA 132 25 yogazAstra 2. 109-10 26 vahI 2. 115 27 upadezamAlA 244 28 bAhirasaMgA, khetaM vatthu ghaNadhanakuSpa bhaaNddaanni| dupayacauppaya, keva sayaNAsaNe ya thaa|| -bhagavatI ArAdhanA 19 29 tatvArtha sUtra 7 30 Atura pratyAkhyAna 4 31 tatvArtha sUtra 7. 17 32 yogazAstra 2.3 33 sAmAyika pATha 280 34 tatvArtha sUtra 7. 26 35 yogazAstra 3. 96 36 vasunandI zrAvakAcAra 215 37 tatvArtha sUtra 7. 27 draSTavya :- aTheNa taM na baMdhai, jamaNaTeNa tu thovabahu bhaavaa| aTTe kAlAIyA, niyAgamA na u annttttaae|| sAvayapaNNati 290 yogazAstra 3.74 40 sAvaya paNNati 289 tatvArtha sUtra 7. 28 / 42 Atura-pratyAkhyAna 15 tatvArtha sUtra 7-17 44 sAmAyika dezAvakAsika pauSadhopavAsAtithi saMvibhAgazcatvAri zikSA padAnIti dharmabiMdu 2. 18 vajjaNaMmaNaMta guMvari, accaMgApaM ca bhogao maannN| kammayao kharakammA, iyANa avaraM imaM bhpiyN|| paMcAstikAya 1. 21 46 yogazAstra 3. 4-5 47 yogazAstra 3.6-7 48 saMbodha sattari 25 49 ka vizeSAvazyaka bhASya 2690 kha niyamasAra 126 50 anuyogadvAra sUtra 27 51 sAmAiyaM samaiyaM, samavAo samAsa saMkheo / aNavajaM ca pariNNA paccakkhANe ya te atttthm|| 52 puruSArthasiddhyupAya 109 53 paMcAstikAya 1. 31 54 yogazAstra 3.87 ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra 14056 paMcAstikAya 1. 30 57 draSTavya - samaNasutaM pR. 270 58 puruSArthasiddhayupAya 157 38 41 niyamapUrvaka zrAvakAcAra kA pAlana karane vAlA vyakti pahale se bArahaveM devaloka taka jA sakatA hai| bhaviSya meM vaha punaH manuSya-janma prApta kara zramaNa dharma kA varaNa karatA hai aura nirvANa pA sakatA hai| upAsaka-dazAMga sUtra ke anusAra usameM sUcita dasa zrAvaka aba mAtra tIna janma aura leMge tathA tIsare janma meM nirvANa pada prApta kreNge| uttarAdhyayana sUtra (5-24) meM likhA hai ki gRhI-jIvana meM suvratoM kA pAlana karake zrAvaka devaloka meM jAtA hai - evaM sikkhA - samAvanne, gihi vAsevi suvvae / muccaI chavipavvAo, gacche jakkhanalogayaM // zrImad jayaMtasenasUri abhinaMdanAmaMthA vAcanA 26 kAma viSaya Asakti meM, mile nahIM ArAma / jayantasena ise taje, jIvana sukha kA dhAma // : Jain Education Intemational